Body-Related Factors and Anxiety Predict Exercise Dependence and Eating Disorders in University Students: A Path Analysis
Objective: The present study aimed to examine the role of BMI, body image inflexibility, and anxiety to eating disorder and exercise dependence symptoms in a sample of college students. Participants: 878 habitual exercisers (M age = 20.09 years, SD = 1.76 years) in a large urban university participated in this study. They had an exercise frequency not less than 3 days per week. Methods: Participants filled out demographic information, exercise behavior, questionnaire for exercise dependence (EDS-R), eating disorder (EDE-QS), body image inflexibility (BI-AAQ), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7).Results: After controlling for age, gender and major, lower BMI was linked to more exercise dependence symptoms but not significant (β=-0.04, p=0.26). In contrast, greater BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing eating disorder (β=-0.08, p<0.001). Moreover, higher body image inflexibility is significantly positive contributed to not only sever exercise dependence (β=0.26, p<0.001), but also abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors (β=0.74, p<0.001). Furthermore, generalized anxiety is a significant contributor to exercise dependence symptoms (β=0.14, p<0.001) but not eating disorder symptoms (β=0.02, p=0.43).Conclusions: Body image inflexibility is the common contributor to developing exercise dependence and eating disorders, suggesting that the prevention and treatment of disordered eating and exercise dependence should involve the improvement of psychological flexibility. In addition, the individual with higher BMI is more vulnerable for developing eating disorder, while those who have the sever anxiety symptoms should be given more attention to screen for exercise dependence.