scholarly journals Familiar Faces, Worn Out Places: The Effect of Personal and Place Prosperity On Well-Being

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevun Sandher
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
Area Data

Higher rates of income inequality are correlated with lower average well-being across different domains (such as health, financial security, friendship etc.) across nations. It is unclear, however, whether this pattern is driven by income differences between people or if places also play a role. In this paper, I test this by constructing a Se- nian Capability Index of well-being and then testing the relative role of personal and place-based prosperity on its domains using linked individual-area data. I find that while personal income has the strongest link to well-being domains, places also also have a significant, non-uniform, association as well. These effects differ between the labour market and neighbourhood level spatial scales. Local labour market prosperity gives its residents higher potential incomes and is associated with greater financial se- curity and more friends. Moving to a more prosperous labour market also indirectly improves well-being by increasing potential incomes. Neighbourhood prosperity is as- sociated with greater overall well-being, physical security, and a lower probability of death. These results suggest that policies aimed at improving personal and place-based characteristics are needed to create a “good life” for all citizens.

scholarly journals Exploring eudaimonia through meaningful work narratives within work integration social enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Bilbija ◽  
Jack Stout Rendall
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Professional Employees ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
New Evidence

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide new evidence on the different dimensions of well-being that can occur in work integration social enterprises (WISEs). This study aims to call for a future discussion on the role of meaningful work (MW) and its impact upon well-being beyond satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Explorative interviews were undertaken with professional workers and beneficiaries within a Spanish WISE. These interviews aimed to uncover similarities and differences across aspects of what makes work meaningful to them as workers. Both eudaimonic and hedonic dimensions of well-being were used to analyse the data. Findings Different groups of employees show that professional employees (those working in the WISE, not because of their disadvantages in the labour market) create their narratives based on MW experiences (eudaimonic well-being), whereas beneficiaries (those working in the WISE because of their disadvantages in the labour market) often describe how satisfied they are at work (hedonic). Originality/value The concept of MW within WISEs to achieve well-being for both beneficiaries and professional workers could be enhanced through discussion of the different types of well-being that are being realised in such settings. Engaging with the concept of “eudaimonia” helps the authors to achieve this aim.

scholarly journals The Relative Role of Safety and Productivity in Canadian Ergonomists’ Professional Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Theberge ◽  
W. Patrick Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Main Basis ◽  
Study Participants

Definitions of ergonomics reference its application to both productivity and well-being. Discussions in the ergonomics literature consider the correspondence between these goals in ergonomic practice and make the case for a robust conception that advances the twin agendas of safety and productivity, contrary to the dominant understanding that ergonomics is primarily concerned with safety. This article examines the professional practices as reported from a sample of 21 ergonomists from across Canada with a combined experience of 296 years. The analysis aims to understand the reported intersection of safety and productivity in the ergonomists’ work and the broader conditions that structure this negotiation. Results provide strong support for the view that ergonomics is primarily associated with safety. This is evident in the structural location of ergonomics within health and safety units of workplaces and in ergonomists’ reports that the main focus of their work is safety concerns. A minority of study participants indicated that they addressed productivity concerns in their work, either as secondary or primary outcomes of ergonomic applications. In either instance, efforts to highlight the contribution of ergonomics to production did not significantly disrupt the dominant safety-oriented perception of the field. Financial considerations were major determinants of whether recommendations were accepted and implemented. The argument for the more robust vision of ergonomics advanced within the profession reflects an effort to overcome the organizational divide between safety and productivity by stressing that, in effective ergonomics applications, safety and productivity are joined in the production process and ergonomists have a main role to play in advancing both agendas. The analysis provided here has identified significant challenges to the adoption of this position. An irony of the dominant understanding of ergonomics as oriented to safety is that this provides the main basis for its growing presence in workplaces but also limits its applications.

scholarly journals Expectations of employers on the example of Słupsk local labour market (with the particular emphasis on the need for geographical competences)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Paulina Szmielińska-Pietraszek ◽  
Wioletta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Geographic Knowledge ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractOn today's labour markets, the basic characteristics of the quality of the labour force is knowledge, qualifications, skills and experience possessed by it. Today, employers are looking for employees with high interpersonal competences, manners, responsible, hard-working, independent, honest and having the ability to learn quickly. For this, as an asset, they add the higher education, preferably directional, creativity and experience. The taken research area is characterized by economic lag in comparison with Gdańsk agglomeration area, as well as with other regions. In the article the reference was made to the declared needs of employers towards future employees, based on interviews conducted in 101 entities of the city of Słupsk and Słupsk county. The main aim of the research was to determine the usefulness of geographic knowledge for the local labour market. And thus indicating the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of geographical graduates in the labour market. Among the needs of employers of Słupsk labour market in accordance with the overall national trend, there is a large deficit of soft competencies, but also, among others, the gap typically professional related to information technology and engineering skills have been diagnosed. There has been a large gap identified in the ability to apply the knowledge (academic) in practical activities, which is called by the employers 'the professional experience'. In contrast, the studies on the usefulness of (the attractiveness of the labour market) competencies that are possible to learn while studying geography, showed the particular importance, valuable for the modern labour market skills of searching, collecting and processing of information. Currently in Poland, even in conditions of high unemployment existing mismatch between qualification and professional structure of supply and demand for labour can be observed. In the labour market, the presence is noted at the same time, the deficit and surplus professions and employers tend to have difficulty in recruiting people with specific skills and vocational skills. Not innovative small entities (which predominate in the structure of entities, inter alia, in Słupsk local labour market) are not able to take over the education of strictly professional competences due to a lack of capital. The role of practical education courses for universities is visible here. They are accumulating equipment and supplies for practical training which may in a flexible way try to respond to changing economic conditions.

Welfare-use Accumulation and Chronic Dependency in Israel: The Role of Structural Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
NETTA ACHDUT ◽  
HAYA STIER
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Welfare Use

AbstractContemporary welfare policies in many Western countries limit public assistance for the long-term unemployed and spur rapid movement into the labour market. These policies have substantially changed the trade-offs of employment and welfare-use behaviour, making employment far more attractive than welfare dependency. Despite this new reality, many welfare recipients circulate in and out of the welfare system and the low-wage labour market or become disconnected from both work and welfare. Drawing on longitudinal administrative data of single Israeli mothers who received Income Support Benefit in 2003, this study focuses on the role of structural factors, including local labour market conditions and local availability of subsidised child-care, in explaining the intensity of welfare receipt over a 51-month period. The results indicate notable diversity in welfare-use accumulation. Some mothers were classified as short- to mid-termer recipients while others showed a much more intensive use, and about a third were classified as chronically dependent. Local labour market conditions and their change over time played an important part in explaining welfare accumulation, while local child-care availability had no effect. Implications for policy are discussed.

Education Services

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
United Nations System

This chapter considers education services as a basic good that satisfy critical basic human needs, which allow individuals to effectively participate in society. It considers the widespread nature of education services deprivation and the consequent negative impacts for well-being and growth. The chapter examines the subsistence right to education services and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It also examines the special role of girls’ education, education quality, and accountability; and the potential role for schools to serve as basic goods provision centers. It concludes with a consideration of demand-side issues and education provisioning processes, including the relative role of public and private provision.

scholarly journals The role of local labour market conditions and pupil attainment on post-compulsory schooling decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482-1509
Author(s):  
Elena Meschi ◽  
Joanna Swaffield ◽  
Anna Vignoles
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Schooling Decisions ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Males And Females

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of local labour market conditions and pupil educational attainment as primary determinants of the post-compulsory schooling decision. Design/methodology/approach Through the specification of a nested logit model, the restrictive independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption inherent in the multinomial logit (MNL) model is relaxed across multiple unordered outcomes. Findings The analysis shows that the factors influencing schooling decisions differ for males and females. For females, on average, the key drivers of the schooling decision are expected wage returns based on youth educational attainment, attitudes to school and parental aspirations, rather than local labour market conditions. For males, higher local unemployment rates encourage greater investment in education. Originality/value The contribution of this paper to the existing literature is threefold. First, a nested logit model is proposed as an alternative to a MNL. The former can formally incorporate the structured and sequential decision-making process that youths may engage with in relation to the post-compulsory schooling decision, as well as relaxing the restrictive IIA assumption inherent in the MNL across multiple unordered outcomes, an issue the authors discuss in more detail in the Methodology section below. Second, the analysis is based on extremely rich socio-economic data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England, matched to local labour market data and administrative data from the National Pupil Database and Pupil Level Annual School Census, which provide a broad set of unusually high-quality measures of prior attainment. The authors argue that such high-quality data and an appropriate model specification allows identification of the determinants of the post-compulsory decision in a more detailed manner than many previous analyses. Third, the data have the scale necessary to consider whether the determinants of post-compulsory schooling decisions vary by gender, a particularly important issue given the differential education participation rates of males and females (e.g. in this cohort, females are about 10 percentage points more likely to go on to higher education in the UK than males), and the gendered choices of occupation (see, e.g. Bertrand, 2011). The work will, therefore, provide recent empirical evidence from England on gender differences in the determinants of education choices.

scholarly journals Sifting through information, looking for pathways into Canada's labour market: examining the potential of labour market information to support newcomer/immigrant job hunting.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya A. Latchman
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Employment Choices

Labour market research consistently demonstrates that finding and securing appropriate employment are key determinants of immigrant well-being and integration to Canada. Various policy-oriented initiatives are continually initiated by Canada's "Third sector" actors to address multiple barriers immigrants confront in the labour market. While awaiting progress, the difficulties recent immigrants face in Canada's increasingly competitive local labour markets has increased. This amplifies the need for re-examining early interventions. This paper explores what and how labour market information (LMI) is mediated to recent immigrants at the earliest stages of settlement, and through a qualitative content analysis assesses how the LMI can inform and support labour market decisions of recent immigrants seeking employment in Canada. Findings uncover overwhelming amounts and varied quality of LMI available from Canada's labour force development providers. This leaves recent immigrants unable to independently make realistic, informative and suitable employment choices needed to integrate in the Canadian labour market.

scholarly journals The Role of Housing in the Spatial Distribution of Unemployment in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (337) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Maciej Tarkowski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
County Level ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Local Labour Markets ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Permanent Migration

Labour market and housing problems are an important part of social studies, though spatial analysis of labour market diversification and housing resources are not the dominating subject of studies. The interaction between the place of residence and the place of work is treated in terms of commuting to work, but this aspect does not exhaust the issue. The article is an attempt to answer the question whether a relation exists between the structure of housing and its accessibility and the stable diversification of local labour markets. A necessary condition for permanent migration from a location that does not offer work to that characterised by labour demand, is the accessibility of housing offering acceptable living conditions. The decades‑lasting housing deficit and the efforts to improve the situation relying solely on market mechanisms seem to restrict housing accessibility considerably. To answer this question a model of spatial regressions was construed, based on statistical data aggregated at the district (county) level. The results indicate a considerable role of financial accessibility of housing, in terms of purchase capacity and remuneration in particular districts, in preserving the disparities among local labour markets.

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