scholarly journals Situating Politics: Spatial Heterogeneity and the Study of Political History

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Slez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Parameter Heterogeneity ◽  
Global Regression ◽  
Party Support

While quantitative methods are routinely used to examine historical materials, critics take issue with the use of global regression models that attach a single parameter to each predictor, thereby ignoring the effects of time and space, which together define the context in which historical events unfold. This problem can be addressed by allowing for parameter heterogeneity, as highlighted by the proliferation of work on the use of time-varying parameter models. In this paper, I show how this approach can be extended to the case of spatial data using spatially-varying coefficient models, with an eye toward the study of electoral politics, where the use of spatial data is especially common in historical settings. Toward this end, I revisit a critical case in the field of quantitative history: the rise of electoral Populism in the American West in the period between 1890 and 1896. Upending popular narratives about the correlates of third- party support in the late nineteenth century, I show that the association between third- party vote share and traditional predictors such as economic hardship and ethnic composition varied considerably from one place to the next, giving rise to distinct varieties of electoral Populism—a finding that is missed by global models, which mistake the mathematically particular for the historically general. These findings have important theoretical and empirical implications for the study of political action in a world where parameter heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a standard feature of modern social science.

Matters of geoportal interfaces designing

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
S.A. Yamashkin ◽  
A.A. Yamashkin ◽  
O.A. Zarubin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Data Management Systems ◽  
Web Interfaces ◽  
Graphical Interfaces ◽  
Spatial Data Management ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Cross Platform

The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the problem of designing graphic geoportal interfaces. The authors formulated the basic points for solving problems in this field, having given the rationale and detailed description of each of them. The emphasis is made on the flexible arrangement of the design and development of interfaces, aiming at the future realities, at the human centricity of the interface design process, at the need for cross-platform adaptive web interfaces, at the preference to use proprietary and third-party software modules over the implementation of spatial data management systems. Lists of basic functional and quality requirements for graphical interfaces of geoportals are given. The geoportal “Natural and cultural heritage of Mordovia” is presented as an illustrative example of the various implementation of graphical user web interfaces. An experimental assessment of the effectiveness of measures to improve geoportal graphical interfaces is given. It is shown that properly over-thought interfaces of geoportal systems can contribute to solving various kinds of problems in many fields.

Foulweather Friends: Violence and Third Party Support in Self-Determination Conflicts

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272199322
Author(s):  
R. Joseph Huddleston
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
International Stability ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Party Support

This paper investigates how violence in self-determination conflicts influences bilateral foreign policy. I argue that a general preference for international stability causes third parties to support self-determination groups when violence reaches high levels, when they gain territorial control, and when major powers officially recognize. In these conditions, third parties perceive a stable new status quo to be nigh: unrecognized statehood. Ongoing instability encourages foreign policy that encourages the development of the de facto state, even when third parties have no intention of recognizing them as states. Importantly, I also show that targeting civilians erodes third-party support of the perpetrating side. I demonstrate these relationships using a latent variable model of international sovereignty of aspiring states, built on bilateral military, diplomatic, and economic exchange data. My model and tests provide new insight into how aspiring state actors become increasingly eligible for recognition through the tacit support of third-party states.

Concern Over Loss of Third-Party Support Scale

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levi Adelman ◽  
Bernhard Leidner ◽  
Helin Ünal ◽  
Eman Nahhas ◽  
Nurit Shnabel
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Party Support

scholarly journals A Highly Efficient Neural Network Solution for Automated Detection of Pointer Meters with Different Analog Scales Operating in Different Conditions

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1104
Author(s):  
Alexey Alexeev ◽  
Georgy Kukharev ◽  
Yuri Matveev ◽  
Anton Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Global Regression ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Location Detection ◽  
Common Nature

We investigate a neural network–based solution for the Automatic Meter Reading detection problem, applied to analog dial gauges. We employ a convolutional neural network with a non-linear Network in Network kernel. Presently, there is a significant interest in systems for automatic detection of analog dial gauges, particularly in the energy and household sectors, but the problem is not yet sufficiently addressed in research. Our method is a universal three-level model that takes an image as an input and outputs circular bounding areas, object classes, grids of reference points for all symbols on the front panel of the device and positions of display pointers. Since all analog pointer meters have a common nature, this multi-cascade model can serve various types of devices if its capacity is sufficient. The model is using global regression for locations of symbols, which provides resilient results even for low image quality and overlapping symbols. In this work, we do not focus on the pointer location detection since it heavily depends on the shape of the pointer. We prepare training data and benchmark the algorithm with our own framework a3net, not relying on third-party neural network solutions. The experimental results demonstrate the versatility of the proposed methods, high accuracy, and resilience of reference points detection.

Unravelling the complexities of poverty in Northern Ireland, a new immigration destination

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Ruth McAreavey
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Party Support ◽  
The Way

This chapter uses migrants’ experiences of poverty in Northern Ireland to consider the way in which poverty is experienced across transnational boundaries. The research draws from empirical data from Northern Ireland, a place which until relatively recently experienced little in-migration. It begins by considering the meaning of poverty and how it is understood transnationally i.e. across national boundaries. The chapter proceeds by showing how migrants shift their framing of poverty according to different circumstances. Poverty is also shown to bring with it physical and emotional vulnerabilities and can cause anxiety, indignity and insecurity for the individuals involved. Finally, the chapter highlights the importance of third party support from the sending or receiving society for overcoming the consequences of poverty.

Time management profiles of Cypriot school principals: a mixed-methods approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kouali ◽  
Petros Pashiardis
Keyword(s):  
School Leadership ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Primary School Principals ◽  
Management Techniques

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a piece of research concerning the time management of Cypriot primary school principals. Time management refers to the interrelation of five independent variables: the various tasks principals perform, their frequency, the degree of accomplishment of those tasks, the use of time management techniques and time management style (from monochronic to polychronic). Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative methods were used (questionnaire) together with qualitative methods (observation, interviews, collection of artifacts), in order to obtain richer, deeper data and view multiple angles of the same phenomenon. Findings – The results of cluster analysis indicated three different time management profiles/types of principals: The Centralized Monochrons, the Procrastinative Managers and the Decentralized Polychrons. One basic conclusion is that the principals who adopt the practices of the Decentralized Polychrons manage better their time. Practical implications – The three time management profiles of principals are described, analysed, and discussed in order to reach conclusions about the selection, training, and placement of school principals. Through the description of the everyday practice of Cypriot principals useful information concerning school leadership and management are also provided. Finally, the conclusions of this research may prove useful for principals, because they are provided with the opportunity to rethink and evaluate their own time management and effectiveness of their daily practices. Originality/value – The creation and description of the three time management profiles is the main contribution of this piece of research, since there are not any time management types-profiles registered in the bibliography, which were produced with the use of scientific instruments and procedures.

Sigmund Freud and the Politics of Marginality

1974 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Rothman ◽  
Phillip Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Scientific Success ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Liberal Position

Relying heavily upon Freud's greatest work, The Interpretation of Dreams, Professors Carl Schorske and William McGrath have attempted to increase our understanding of the origins of psychoanalysis. Both authors feel that the key to Freud's discoveries lies in his reaction to the sociopolitical realities of late nineteenth-century Vienna, and while the articles differ somewhat in emphasis their arguments are sufficiently similar so that they can be treated together. To Schorske and McGrath psychoanalysis had its origins in Freud's decision to give up his initial desire to mount a direct political (even revolutionary) attack on the inequities of the existing society for a “counter-political” psychology which enabled him to adjust to the existing political situation and even achieve a measure of scientific success. As a youth Freud had radical political aspirations and was even active in radical political organizations. However, the hopelessness of the liberal position in Vienna and the rise of anti-Semitic popular movements led Freud to believe that direct political action would not be successful. By reducing political conflict to father-son conflict Freud, like other liberals, would ignore the reality of the political and learn to live (albeit imperfectly) in a world which he could not influence. A career in science could bring recognition and at least partial acceptance, and thus a minimum of satisfaction at least.

The Appellate Body's GSP decision

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVE CHARNOVITZ ◽  
LORAND BARTELS ◽  
ROBERT HOWSE ◽  
JANE BRADLEY ◽  
JOOST PAUWELYN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Panel Report ◽  
World Community ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
Party Support

CHARNOVITZ: The Appellate Body's decision in the Tariff Preferences case demonstrates the value of a second-level review of panel decisions. Notwithstanding the composition of the panel – which was as highly qualified, balanced, and diverse as any panel could possibly be – the panel issued a decision that met widespread disapproval. In what is probably a record for third-party support of the plaintiff, eight countries asked the Appellate Body to reverse key points. Happily, the Appellate Body did reverse many of the troubling holdings in the panel report. Unhappily for the world community, the Appellate Body did not have an opportunity to review the panel's interpretation of GATT Article XX, which (like many previous panels) has chiseled away at vital exceptions.

Contract Labor, Sugar, and Technology in the Nineteenth Century

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley L. Engerman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
Contract Laborers ◽  
Plantation Labor ◽  
Contract Labor

Throughout the world for most of the nineteenth century cane sugar was produced on plantations, most frequently with either slave labor or, after slavery was ended, with contract laborers brought in from other low-income countries. This paper details the diverse sources and recipients of nineteenth-century contract labor movements, relating them to political and economic factors. Shifts in the ethnic composition of the plantation labor force are indicated. Late nineteenth- century transitions in the nature of sugar production are noted, and questions raised about their implications for the study of the relations between institutional and technological changes.

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