A Fast and Reliable Screening Method of Organic Materials for Crop Cultivation

Strategic utilization of organic material for agriculture is important for improve efficiency in organic agriculture. Waste from food processing is a good candidate for compost material, and the first critical step is to choose proper raw material. In this study, we tried to establish a reliable screening method by comparing growth of different plant parts in different crops in combination with serial dilution of raw material extracts. The raw materials compared here are tangerine pomace, herbal medicinal plant waste, bread, spent coffee ground (SCG). We also compared effect of organic fertilizer made of SCG, natural pesticides made of pyrethrum extract and neem oil. The results obtained from different kind of crops and plant parts give insight into growth enhancing or inhibitory effect of tested material which will be useful screening raw material to make organic fertilizer and crop protective materials. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(4): 417-421

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ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v7i2.1951 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Firman L. Sahwan

Keyword(s):

Organic Material ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Production Potential ◽

Natural Organic Material ◽

Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

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LIMBAH TERNAK KELINCI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK POTENSIAL

Jurnal Agroqua Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan ◽

10.32663/ja.v16i2.506 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Risvan Anwar ◽

Djatmiko Djatmiko

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Animal Waste ◽

Livestock Waste ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Many Sources

Many sources of raw materials which allegedly can enrich the nutrient content in the organic fertilizer. The weakness of organic fertilizer for this is the low level of nutrients contained in them.This study aims to determine the nutrient content contained in various combinations of organic fertilizer raw materials with rabbit animal waste as the main raw material.This study aims to determine the nutrient content in various combinations of organic fertilizer raw materials with rabbit animal waste as the main raw material. The experiment used a completely randomized design with raw materials as treatments, Livestock Waste Rabbit (LTK), Cow Manure (PKS) and Abu Straw Rice (AJP). Such treatment: B1 = LTK; B2 = LTK: PKS = 2: 1; B3 = LTK: AJP = 3: 1; B4 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 6: 2: 1; B5 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 5: 2: 1; B6 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 4: 2: 1; B7 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 3: 2: 1; B8 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 2: 2: 1; B9 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 1: 2: 1. The research concluded (a) Organic fertilizers are made from various materials raw has fulfilled SNI 19-7030-2004 about the specifications of Organic Waste Compost. (B) A combination of organic fertilizer raw materials significantly affect the nutrient content of manure. (C) Organic fertilizers expectations are: (a) Raw materials of animal wastes rabbit (LTK), (b) LTK: PKS: AJP = 6: 2: 1, (c) LTK: PKS: AJP = 2: 2: 1 and (d) LTK: PKS: AJP = 1: 2: 1.

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Aktivitas Antimalaria Daun Gempol (Nauclea orientalis (L.) L) terhadap Plasmodium falciparum

Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/mpk.v30i2.3044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 135-146

Author(s):

Mery Budiarti ◽

Anshary Maruzy ◽

Nengah Ratri RK ◽

Endang Brotojoyo

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Bioactive Potential ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Selection Of

Abstract The use of gempol (Nauclea orientalis (L.) L) stem as a malaria medicine has been empirically and scientifically proven. This condition encourages exploitation which can lead to scarcity of raw materials. Substitution of plant parts as raw material for medicine is one of the innovations that can be done for the sustainability of the plant species. Leaves are one part of the plant that is often used as a raw material for medicine. The selection of leaves as the main ingredient has many advantages over other parts. Until now, research related to the antimalarial bioactive potential of N. orientalis (L.) L leaves has not been published. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential for leaf antimalarial activity as an alternative to substitution of stem parts. The leaf extract of N. orientalis (L.) L was prepared by maceration method with 96% ethanol then fractionation was carried out in stage using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents. Antimalarial activity testing was carried out in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for screening phytochemical compounds in each sample. The hexane solvent was known to produce the most optimum extract by with a yield of 20%. The antimalarial activity of the hexane (IC 50 1.93 μg/mL) and methanol (IC 3.91 μg/ mL) fractions were classified as ‘very active’ and had a tendency to be able to compete with chloroquine phosphate activity. The potential for antimalarial activity in both samples was influenced by the content of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids and terpenoids which had been developed as active ingredients for malaria drugs. The results of this study indicate that the leaves of Nauclea orientalis (L.) L have the potential to be developed as an alternative to malaria medicine. Abstrak Pemanfaatan batang gempol (Nauclea orientalis (L.) L) sebagai obat malaria telah terbukti secara empiris dan ilmiah. Kondisi tersebut mendorong terjadinya eksploitasi hingga dapat berujung pada kelangkaan bahan baku. Substitusi bagian tumbuhan sebagai bahan baku obat merupakan salah satu inovasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk keberlanjutan hidup spesies tumbuhan tersebut. Daun merupakan salah satu bagian tumbuhan yang sering digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat. Pemilihan daun sebagai bahan utama memiliki banyak kelebihan dibandingkan bagian lainnya. Penelitian terkait potensi bioaktif antimalaria daun Nauclea orientalis (L.) L hingga saat ini belum dipublikasikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi aktivitas antimalaria daun sebagai alternatif subtitusi bagian batang. Ekstrak daun Nauclea orientalis (L.) L disiapkan dengan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96%, kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi cair-cair bertingkat menggunakan pelarut heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Pengujian aktivitas antimalaria dilakukan secara in vitro terhadap Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) untuk penapisan senyawa fitokimia pada masingmasing sampel. Pelarut heksana diketahui menghasilkan ekstrak paling optimum dengan rendemen 20%. Aktivitas antimalaria fraksi heksana (IC 50 1,93 µg/mL) dan metanol (IC 3,91 µg/mL) yang tergolong dalam kategori ‘sangat aktif, serta memiliki kecenderungan mampu bersaing dengan aktivitas klorokuin fosfat. Potensi aktivitas antimalaria pada kedua sampel tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kandungan senyawa alkaloid, steroid, flavonoid dan terpenoid yang telah banyak dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif obat malaria. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daun Nauclea orientalis (L.) L berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif obat malaria.

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Single-Laboratory Validation of a Two-Tiered DNA Barcoding Method for Raw Botanical Identification

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1435 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 1435-1447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhengfei Lu ◽

Christopher M Thompson ◽

Tiffany Chua ◽

Silva Babajanian ◽

Yanjun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcoding ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Regulatory Compliance ◽

Raw Material ◽

Animal Products ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background: The applications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding methods have been extended from authenticating taxonomic provenance of animal products to identifying botanicals used as herbal medicine and in botanical dietary supplements. DNA barcoding methods for botanical identification must be adequately validated to meet regulatory compliance. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide a validation protocol for a two-tiered DNA barcoding method that aims to identify raw botanicals. Methods: A barcode database was computationally validated to define the barcode combinations that can unambiguously identify botanicals in the database. A maximum variation sampling technique was used to capture a wide range of perspectives relating to DNA barcode-based botanical identification, including plant parts and species distance, for the experimental validation. Twenty-two authenticated botanicals were purposively sampled from different plant parts—covering both closely related and distantly related species—to validate the two-tiered DNA barcoding method. The performance of the method was assessed on accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and uncertainty. Results: High accuracy (100%) and precision (1.0) were obtained from the validation samples. The method was also found to be rugged and have acceptable uncertainty. Conclusions: The method was validated and suitable for DNA-based identification of botanical raw materials listed in the current database. Highlights: This work will provide support guidance for manufacturers and regulatory policy makers to implement equivalent validated and compliant DNA-based testing in quality control processes to improve botanical raw material identification and authentication.

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Fat rendering in an electrochemically activated water environment: technological aspects, safety and quality of the finished product

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-169-177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 169-177

Author(s):

M. V. Gorbacheva ◽

V. E. Tarasov ◽

A. I. Sapozhnikova ◽

S. A. Kalmanovich

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Water Environment ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Acid Number ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fat Extraction ◽

Quality Product ◽

Rendered Fat

The work is devoted to studying the influence of physical-chemical and mechanical impact on the process of fat rendering in the presence of electrolyte (catholite) in order to develop an algorithm of fat extraction and obtain a high quality product with adjustable melting point. It is determined that the duration of rendering and heat treatment of raw materials have an equal effect on the index of acid number of ostrich fat. The inverse dependence on the hydrogen indicator of the water phase of the catholite, providing a decrease in the acid number of fat, is revealed. Positive dynamics on the indicator of acid number of ready product at fat extraction with pH of the catholite in the range of 10-10,5 irrespective of temperature and duration of process (acid number of fat did not exceed 0,77 mg KON/g) was established. In the course of fat rendering at the temperature of 50-55 ? and pH of the catolyte not lower than 9, it was found that the peroxide number is in the range of 1.56-1.81 mmol of active oxygen/kg, which confirms the inhibitory effect of the electrochemical environment not only on lipolysis, but also on lipid oxidative degradation. The highest yield of rendered fat was observed at the time and temperature of raw material processing, respectively, 60 minutes and 95 ?, pH of catholite is 10. The use of electro-activated liquid allowed to reduce time of fat extraction by half without significant losses in yield and quality of the finished product. With increase of pH of catolite up to 10,5 it was possible to reduce time and temperature of heatering up to 45 minutes and 75 ? correspondingly while maintaining high value of fat yield that confirms efficiency of electrolyte application and also possibility to set conditions and parameters of rendering depending on the objectives sought. Fat, rendered with the help of electro-activated liquid, does not possess toxicity at intragastric injection to laboratory animal, and also irritating and allergic effect during application on mucous membranes and skin

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Enhancement of Biogas Production from Mixed Organic Substrates Containing Cow Manure and Delignified Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) by Addition of Effective Microorganism - 4

10.21203/rs.3.rs-159437/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Indro - Sumantri ◽

Peter - Kusnadi ◽

I. Gelbert Reinaldo Handoyo ◽

Andri Cahyo Kumoro

Keyword(s):

Biogas Production ◽

Organic Substrate ◽

Raw Material ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Effective Microorganisms ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Spent Coffee Ground ◽

Coffee Ground

Abstract There have been continuous efforts to find environmentally benign energy to cope steady increase of global energy needs. The spent coffee ground (SCG) is one of agricultural wastes that can be utilized as a raw material to produce biogas. This study aims to produce biogas from mixture of organic substrate containing cow manure and spent coffee ground (SCG) with a C/N ratio of 25:1 with the addition of effective microorganisms-4 (EM-4) to enhance biogas production. The biodegradations were performed in an anaerobic batch digestion (AD) at ambient environment. The variables used of this research were pH (5, 7, and 9) and the loading of EM-4 (6, 9, and 12%). The digestions were run for 60 days and the volumes of biogas produced were measured every two days. The results showed that the addition of EM-4 was able to initiate biogas production earlier, enhance biogas volume, and extend biogas production end time. The best digestion condition for substrate containing cow manure and SCG with a C/N ratio of 25:1 was found to be at pH 9 and EM-4 loading of 9% to obtain 11.28 mL biogas/g COD with enhancement of biogas production of about 100.2 %. The experimental data was fitted really well by the modified Gompertz equation as shown by a high determination coefficient (R2 > 0.95).

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Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair sebagai Alternatif Pengendalian Biaya Produksi Petani

AKSIOLOGIYA Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.30651/aks.v5i4.10160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 567

Author(s):

Nurullaili Mauliddah ◽

Asyidatur Rosmaniar

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Sector ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Skills Training ◽

Production Costs ◽

Raw Material ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Agricultural Area ◽

Service Activity ◽

The Government

ABSTRAK Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan keterampilan menekan biaya produksi dan meningkatkan pendapatan petani sawi melalui penggunaan pupuk organik cair di Kelurahan Gunung Anyar Tambak Kecamatan Gunung Anyar Kota Surabaya. Pada masa pandemi covid 19 ini pasokan pupuk kimia tersendat dan mengakibatkan harga pupuk semakin mahal. Pada tahun 2010 pemerintah memunculkan wacana global untuk kembali ke alam (back to nature) di sektor pertanian, di antaranya dengan pemanfaatan bahan alam (bahan baku hayati). Untuk itu kegiatan ini memanfaatkan gulma yang terdapat diarea pertanian tumpang sari dimana area pertanian ini terdapat lahan untuk tanaman sawi, jeruk dan jambu kristal namun sebagian lagi merupakan area tambak ikan yang banyak terdapat gulma seperti kangkung liar dan buah yang sudah busuk. Dengan demikian, dilakukan pembuatan pupuk organik cair dengan menambahkan mikro organisme EM4 kepada bahan baku yaitu gulma. Diperoleh hasil bahwa penggunaan pupuk organik cair ini dapat menurunkan biaya produksi dan meningkatkan produktivitas sawi dan hasil pertanian lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara diperoleh adanya peningkatan pendapatan petani sebesar 22% dari penggunaan pupuk organik cair ini. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah produk berupa pupuk organik cair yang dibuat sendiri oleh peserta pelatihan dan meningkatkan motivasi para petani untuk mengembangkan secara mandiri alternatif pupuk organik sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kata Kunci: Pupuk organik cair, biaya produksi, gulma ABSTRACT This service activity aims to provide skills training to reduce production costs and increase the income of mustard farmers through the use of liquid organic fertilizer in Gunung Anyar Tambak Village, Gunung Anyar District, Surabaya City. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the supply of chemical fertilizers stagnated and resulted in increasingly high fertilizer prices. In 2010 the government raised a global discourse to return to nature (back to nature) in the agricultural sector, including natural materials (biological raw materials). For this reason, this activity utilizes weeds found in the intercropping agricultural area. This agricultural area has land for mustard, citrus, and crystal guava plants but partly is a fish pond area with many weeds such as wild kale and rotten fruit. Thus, a liquid organic fertilizer was made by adding EM4 micro-organisms to the raw material, namely weeds. The results show that liquid organic fertilizer can reduce production costs and increase the productivity of mustard greens and other agricultural products. Based on the interview results, it was found that there was an increase in farmers' income by 22% from the use of this liquid organic fertilizer. The output of this activity is a product in the form of liquid organic fertilizer, which is made by the trainees themselves and increases the motivation of the farmers to develop alternative organic fertilizers according to their needs independently. Keywords: Liquid organic fertilizer, production costs, weeds

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POTENSI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK (Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) As Raw Materials Organic Fertilizer)

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v8i1.2063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

I Dewa Gede Putra Prabawa

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Total Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Nitrogen Contents

Oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have not been widely used, especially in South Kalimantan. These materials were known containing macro elements that are needed by plants. This research was conducted to study potential of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth as raw material for organic fertilizer. The effect of ashing temperature variations (500°C; 750°C; 1000°C) on the macro nutrients content (N, P2O5, and K2O) have been studied. The result showed that the characterization of empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have the highest P2O5 and K2O content, whereas the content of nitrogen was still lowest. The treatment of ashing temperature was effect on improve total content of N, P2O5 and K2O. The highest nitrogen contents in empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 500oC. The highest P2O5 contents in empty fruit bunches obtained on ashing temperature 1000oC and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 750oC. The highest K2O contents in empty fruit bunches obtained on ashing temperature 750oC and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 500oC. Ash of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth was potentially as a source of nutrients P2O5 and K2O for organic fertilizer, but less potential as a source of nitrogen.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, water hyacinth, raw material, organic fertilizer

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Literature review on fermentation factors of restaurant organic waste affecting feed quality

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.10.3.23163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 277-283

Author(s):

Yuli Andriani ◽

Anggi Adrian Hutapea ◽

Irfan Zidni ◽

Walim Lili ◽

Muhamad Fatah Wiyatna

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Feed Quality ◽

Public Consumption ◽

High Level

The high level of public consumption, balanced with the increasingly dense population globally, makes food waste more and more. Food waste is the second-largest contributor to waste in the world. Moreover, the lack of food waste management makes this condition even worse. This food waste can be found, one of which is in restaurants, school canteens, food courts, and others. Fermentation is the process of breaking down complex substances into simpler ones. A fermentation process can help process food waste into various products such as liquid organic fertilizer, compost, biogas, and raw material for fish feed. Through the fermentation process, food waste can be used as an alternative fish feed with high nutritional content to benefit fish cultivators. Fish need many nutrients for their bodies, with food waste that has been processed will meet the dietary needs of fish. The cultivators will benefit more from the cost of feed and the sale of fish that can meet consumer needs.Moreover, the demand for the fish market is increasing every year. Several factors play a role in the success of the food waste fermentation process and the quality of the resulting product to be converted into fish feed raw materials. These factors include incubation time, pH acidity, and microbial factors that can accelerate the spoilage of fish feed raw materials.Keywords:Fermentation,Restaurant wasteFish feedFactorsQuality of feed IngredientsLiterature review on fermentation factors of restaurant organic waste affecting feed quality

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PENGARUH PUPUK HIJAU TANAMAN KEMBANG BULAN (Tithonia diversifolia) DAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN EKINASE (Echinacea purpurea)

Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat ◽

10.21082/bullittro.v28n2.2017.127-136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Dian Susanti ◽

Harto Widodo ◽

Erri S. Hartanto

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Green Manure ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Raw Material ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Randomized Block Design

Echinaceae is introduced medicinal plant as immunomodulator. The high demand of echinaceae as raw material for immunomodulatory herbal medicine by the industries, requires the increase in quantity and quality of cultivated echinaceae. Thus, the use of fertilizer is necessary. However, to ensure the safety of raw materials for herbal medicine industry, the use of organic fertilizer becomes one of the important components. Organic fertilizer used can be in the form of solid fertilizer such as dung manure, compost and green manure. Various plants can be utilized as a source of green manure such as Tithonia diversifolia, because of its high N content. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the dosage of dung manure and green manure from T. diversifolia on echinaceae biomass and echinacoside contents. The research was arranged in Factorial Randomized Block Design with two treatments, three dosages of dung manure (P) 0; 2.5; 5 ton.ha-1, and three dosages of green manure from T. diversifolia (T) 0; 10 and 20 ton.ha-1. The treatment combinations were repeated three times. The results showed that there was no interaction between T. diversifolia green manure and dung manure usage. The use of T. diversifolia fertilizer alone was not evidently increased the fresh weight of biomass at 20 ton.ha-1. The use of T. diversifolia and dung manure showed no significant effect on echinacoside content.

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