scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Effect of Different Essential Oils in Management of Post-Harvest Fruit Rot of Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) Caused by Colletotrichum spp

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Pramod Gairhe ◽  
Sandesh Bhandari ◽  
Hom Prasad Sitaula ◽  
Beautina Karki ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar

A study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of different essential oils in the management of post-harvest fruit rot of banana. It was carried out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications and six treatments at Nepal Plant Diseases and Agro Associates (NPDA). The each of six treatments: cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum verum), mustard oil (Brassica oleracea), castor oil (Ricinus communis), neem oil (Azadirachta indica), coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) and control were used at concentrations 200ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm respectively. The radial growth of mycelium (mm) and percent growth inhibition (%) of Colletotrichum spp. was recorded. The decrease in the radial growth and increase in the percent growth inhibition was found in all the treatments except control as their concentration was increased, in which the lowest radial growth and the highest percent growth inhibition was found at 1000 ppm concentration. At 1000 ppm concentration, cinnamon oil shows the lowest radial growth and the highest percent growth inhibition (1.67mm and 98.15%) followed by mustard oil (54.00mm and 40.00%), neem oil (55.17mm and 38.70%), castor oil (55.83mm and 37.96%), coconut oil (61.17mm and 32.04%) and control (90mm and 0.00%) respectively.Thus, cinnamon oil is considered as a good essential oil in regards to a management of post-harvest disease of banana. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(3): 187-192.    

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Whitehead ◽  
TE Peto

Abstract Deferoxamine (DF) has antimalarial activity that can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study is designed to examine the speed of onset and stage dependency of growth inhibition by DF and to determine whether its antimalarial activity is cytostatic or cytocidal. Growth inhibition was assessed by suppression of hypoxanthine incorporation and differences in morphologic appearance between treated and control parasites. Using synchronized in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, growth inhibition by DF was detected within a single parasite cycle. Ring and nonpigmented trophozoite stages were sensitive to the inhibitory effect of DF but cytostatic antimalarial activity was suggested by evidence of parasite recovery in later cycles. However, profound growth inhibition, with no evidence of subsequent recovery, occurred when pigmented trophozoites and early schizonts were exposed to DF. At this stage in parasite development, the activity of DF was cytocidal and furthermore, the critical period of exposure may be as short as 6 hours. These observations suggest that iron chelators may have a role in the treatment of clinical malaria.


2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Řiháková ◽  
V. Filip ◽  
M. PlockovÁ ◽  
J. Šmidrkal ◽  
R. Červenková

The objectives of the present study were to test the antifungal properties (inhibition of radial growth, inhibition of the mould spore germination) of lauroylglycerol and mixtures of monoacylglycerols synthesised from coconut oil (MIX-I and MIX-II) against Aspergillus niger DMF 0801. The content of monoacylglycerols in lauroylglycerol, MIX-I and MIX-II was 99.9% (w/w), 97.7% (w/w) and 75,1% (w/w), respectively. The content of 1-lauroylglycerol in MIX-I and MIX-II was calculated from the content of lauric acid and content of monoacylglycerols. The inhibition of the radial growth of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by lauroylglycerol was stronger than that caused by MIX-I and MIX-II. The inhibition effect of spore germination caused by lauroylglycerol and MIX-I was nearly the same. The inhibition of spore germination increased with increasing content of monoacylglycerol and also with increasing 1-lauroylglycerol content in monoacylglycerols. The level of spore germination inhibition was related to the purity of tested substances. The results of this study indicate that monoacylglycerols made from coconut oil have antifungal activity.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  

This study was carried out on the evaluation of different essential oils and biocontrol agents against Alternaria alternata the causal agent of fruit rot. For the pathogenicity test against A. alternata was performed through cut and injection inoculation methods. The antifungal potential of different essential oils like turpentine, laung, neem and castus root was carried out at different doses i.e. 5, 10 and 15% by food poisoned method to find out the effective and suitable oil for the growth inhibition of A. alternata and evaluate the effect of some biocontrol agents on growth inhibition of A. alternata. The findings of this investigation stated that cut method of inoculation showed higher percentage (2.60) of rotting as compared to injection method of inoculation (2.35). Minimum colony growth of A. alternata (31.60, 21.25 and 15.16%) was examined under Laung oil at the dosage of 5, 10 and 15% followed by Neem oil (42.60, 31.60 and 21.30%), respectively. Maximum colony growth of A. alternata (62.71, 52.40 and 41.75%) was observed under Castus root oil at the dosage of 5, 10 and 15%. Zero growth of target pathogen was examined under Turpentine at 5, 10 and 15%. Under control the A. alternata showed (90 mm) colony growth. Minimum linear colony growth of A. alternata was observed for Hypoxylon Sp1 (50.31%), followed by Neurospora spp. (52.97%), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (54.7%), Chactomium subaffine (57.07%) and Fusarium sp. (65.4%). Maximum mycelial colony growth (90%) was recorded in control. Based on present investigation, Similarly, for controlling the linear colony growth of A. alternata under in vitro conditions Turpentine oil ranked 1st, Laung oil ranked 2nd, Neem oil ranked 3rd, Castus root oil ranked 4th.


Author(s):  
Ridhdhi Rathore ◽  
Dinesh N. Vakharia ◽  
Dheeraj Singh Rathore

Abstract Land plants exist in close association with bacterial and fungal microbes, where some associations can be pathogenic and others can be mutualistic/beneficial. One such relation exists between host plant, Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Foc), the causal pathogen of cumin wilt and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), where Pf acts as a bio-agent for inhibiting Foc and promoting plant growth of cumin. In this study, antagonism by 10 different Pf isolates against Foc was studied under laboratory conditions through percent growth inhibition and biochemical mechanisms. Among these Pf isolates, Pf-5 exhibited the highest in vitro growth inhibition (82.51%). A positive correlation was observed between percent growth inhibition and specific activities of hydrolytic enzymes, chitinase, β-1, 3 glucanase, and protease, where a negative correlation was observed with cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulase and polygalacturonase. To conclude, isolate Pf-5 could be a potential biocontrol agent for Fusarium wilt disease of cumin.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHESH SINGH ◽  
H. K. SINGH

Six plant extract viz., Datura (Daturastramonium), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulous), Karang (Pongamiaglabra),Neem (Azadirachtaindica), Madar (Calotropis gigantean) and Wild sage (Lantana camara) were evaluated in-vitro by poison food technique @ 3, 6, 9 and 12% concentrations against Alternariabrassicaecausing blight of mustard. The results revealed that all the plant extracts inhibited the percent growth inhibition against test fungus as compared to control. However A.indica was found most efficacious with growth inhibition of (38.7%) followed by E. globulus (36.7%). Some extract such as P. glabra and D. stramonium showed moderate inhibition over control (30.9 and 21.6 respectively). Among all plant extract, C. gigantean showed least (15.3%) inhibition over control against A. brassicae. These plant extracts can possibly be used as management of seedborne pathogenic fungi in an eco-friendly way.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Safdar Kaiser Hasmi ◽  
R. U. Khan

In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungi namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma koningii, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the treatments were found to be superior over control (R. solani), but among all treatments A. niger was found to the most effective antagonist, with highest radial growth inhibition of the pathogen (77.01 percent), followed by A. flavus, T. harzianum and T. koningii i.e., 66.23, 64.42 and 62.20 percent. While as, T. atroviride was found to be the least effective one with minimum growth inhibition i.e., 42.21 percent. Whereas, at the same time control (R. solani) showed 100 percent radial growth and covered the whole Petri Plate within 5 days. All the bio-control agents were significantly effective to inhibit the sclerotia formation and development, except T. atroviride in which formation of sclerotia was recorded, while in all other treatments complete inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded after 10 days of incubation.


Author(s):  
Theresa E. Omara- Achong ◽  
Peggy A. Okey ◽  
Edward N. Okey ◽  
Patience M. Ukpong

Post-harvest deterioration is a major problem of onions (Allium cepa) in Nigeria. The use of chemicals has been the main control measure. Chemicals are hazardous and environmentally unfriendly. There is therefore, a need for search for effective bio-pesticides as alternatives. A survey of fungal onions diseases was conducted in two markets in Mkpat Enin Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Two hundred onions bulbs (100 from each market) were collected separately from the two markets. The collected bulbs were put into separate polythene bags before taken to the laboratory for macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Fungal isolates were obtained from naturally infected bulbs and their pathogenicity confirmed using Kochs’ postulate. In vivo and in vitro testing based on growth inhibition were also carried out to determine the efficacy of the aqueous plant extracts. Phytochemical analysis of alcohol extracts was conducted following standard procedures. Results of market surveys indicated disease incidences of 26% and 23% from Akpaden and Ukam markets, respectively. Three fungal species were isolated and identified as Botrytis allii, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria porri. Pathogenicity tests confirmed these isolates to be common agents of onion bulb rot. In vitro testing of Chromolaena odorata and Mangiferia indica leaf extracts at 10, 20 and 30% concentrations showed inhibitory effects of both extracts with increasing concentrations on the pathogens. C. odorata extracts indicated significantly higher inhibition, compared to M. indica. In vivo tests of the extracts also showed a significant growth inhibition of the pathogens on onion bulb rot, compared to the control. Phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of tannins, saponins, polyphenols and flavonoids. The antifungal activities of these extracts and their availability makes them potential control agents of fungal onion rot. C. odorata and M. indica plant extracts should therefore, be further explored as alternatives bio-control agents or onions fungal rot.


2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Toledo-Silva ◽  
Fernando Nogueira de Souza ◽  
Sofie Piepers ◽  
Kristien Mertens ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
...  

AbstractCommunications via quorum sensing (QS) between non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in the bovine mammary gland remains largely unexplored. We determined whether 34 S. chromogenes, 11 S. epidermidis, and 14 S. simulans isolates originating from bovine milk samples and teat apices were able to regulate the QS of S. aureus, and if so, how in vitro growth inhibition of S. aureus by NAS, or NAS metabolites, or NAS cells themselves play a role in this process. In co-culture with S. aureus we observed that these 3 NAS species in general downregulated the expression of rnaIII, the effector molecule of the QS system, but this effect was more pronounced in S. chromogenes and S. simulans isolates than in S. epidermidis isolates. In vitro growth inhibition of S. aureus by NAS resulted in a small underestimation of the downregulating effect of NAS on rnaIII expression of S. aureus. Additionally, the culture supernatant of these NAS isolates and supernatant treated with proteinase K expressed greater regulatory activity over S. aureus virulence genes rnaIII, hla, and spa than washed NAS cells suspended in sterile water. These microbial interactions may influence S. aureus virulence and pathogenesis within the host. Isolation and identification of NAS metabolites affecting the QS system of S. aureus might help to develop alternative strategies for treatment and control of S. aureus mastitis.


Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250-1255
Author(s):  
S Whitehead ◽  
TE Peto

Deferoxamine (DF) has antimalarial activity that can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study is designed to examine the speed of onset and stage dependency of growth inhibition by DF and to determine whether its antimalarial activity is cytostatic or cytocidal. Growth inhibition was assessed by suppression of hypoxanthine incorporation and differences in morphologic appearance between treated and control parasites. Using synchronized in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, growth inhibition by DF was detected within a single parasite cycle. Ring and nonpigmented trophozoite stages were sensitive to the inhibitory effect of DF but cytostatic antimalarial activity was suggested by evidence of parasite recovery in later cycles. However, profound growth inhibition, with no evidence of subsequent recovery, occurred when pigmented trophozoites and early schizonts were exposed to DF. At this stage in parasite development, the activity of DF was cytocidal and furthermore, the critical period of exposure may be as short as 6 hours. These observations suggest that iron chelators may have a role in the treatment of clinical malaria.


2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
M Rezuana Binte Helal ◽  
Shamim Shamsi

Five fungicides viz., Autostin 50 WDG, Dithane M 45, Greengel 72 WP, Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG   and Tilt 250 EC exclusively were tested against three pathogenic fungi viz., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Ces. and Fusarium sp. associated with Carica papaya L. following poisoned food technique. At 100 ppm  Autostin showed complete growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides, F. nivale and Fusarium sp., while  Tilt 250 EC showed complete growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at the same concentration. These fungicides at 400 and 500 ppm showed complete growth inhibition of F. nivale. Tilt 250 EC showed complete growth inhibition of Fusarium sp. at 300, 400 and 500 ppm. Eight plants extract, viz., Adhatoda vasica, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Lantana camara, Tagetes erecta, Thuja orientalis and Vitex negundo were also tested for their  efficacy at 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations against these pathogenic fungi. Out of the eight plant extracts, Ocimum sanctum showed highest (88.57%) radial growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at 20% concentration. Curcuma longa showed highest (88.55%) radial growth inhibition of F. nivale and Adhatoda vesica showed highest (80.02%) radial growth inhibition of Fusarium sp. at the same concentrations. The present investigation suggests Autostin 50 WDG and Tilt 250 EC as best inhibiting chemical fungicides for C. gloeosporioides, F. nivale and Fusarium sp. Extracts of O. sanctum, C. longa and Adhatoda vesica were found to be superior to other plant extracts tested. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 121-128, 2018


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