scholarly journals Prevalence of Thyroid Disorder in Residents of Western Region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Preeti Sharma ◽  
Namarata Thapa Magar ◽  
Mahesh BK

Thyroid disorder, such as goiter, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism, are leading health problems in Nepal. Owing to geographical and environmental factors, iodine deficiency is prime cause of thyroid disorder. The objective of study to estimate the prevalence of thyroid disorder in residents of western region of Nepal (Pokhara valley). Materials & Methods: The study design was hospital based retrospective study. The data of T3, T4, TSH was collected from subject visiting Department of Biochemistry at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Nepal. The samples was collected, serum was separated and thyroid hormones was assayed by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay kit from RFLC (India). Result: The total study population was 2248 cases of which 580 (male) and 1668 (female) were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of thyroid disorder was 22.42 % in western region. Subject with hypothyroidism was 12.41% (279) & subject with hyperthyroidism were 10.41% (234) respectively. Female subject of age (15-44) years had a hypothyroidism, i.e. 52.83% (112). About 73.15% (109 out of 149 subjects) were female cases suffered from subclinical hypothyroidism. The thyroid disorder found most prevalent in reproductive age group in female residents in our study. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is prevalent in all age group of female residents of western region of Nepal.Our study conclude that hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism found more prevalent in reproductive age group in residents of western region of Nepal. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(3): 169-175  

Author(s):  
Aditi Rai ◽  
Sapna Raina

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most frequent presentation to gynecology OPD. AUB is a common but complicated clinical presentation and occurs in 15-20% of women between menarche to menopause and significantly affects the women’s health. Thyroid disorders are more common in women than in men and cause abnormal sexual development, menstrual irregularity, infertility and premature menopause. Objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in women in reproductive age group with AUB.Methods: A hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer and Medical Center and Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital at Narayana Health City, Bangalore with abnormal uterine bleeding during the period of 2 years (December 2015 to November 2017), total 153 patients were included in the study. All women with AUB in reproductive age group were included. Diagnosed cases of ovarian cyst, uterine fibroid, polyp, adenomyosis, endometriosis and malignant (endometrial and cervical) tumors were excluded. Women who are on drugs or hormone therapy (for past 3 months. IUCD users/oral contraceptives pill user. Patients with known case of thyroid disorder, carcinoma thyroid patients with history of coagulation disorder, liver disorder, renal disorder, tuberculosis.Results: A total N=115 (75.2%) of patients who took part in this study had euthyroid status. The estimated prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 24.9%. Out of which n=22 (14.4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, n=14 (9.2%) had overt hypothyroidism, n=2 (1.3%) had hyperthyroidism. The most common thyroid dysfunction amongst the study group was noted to be subclinical hypothyroidism (14.4%).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in cases which are clinically diagnosed as AUB. TSH is most sensitive test in detecting thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical cases need to be treated. Hence thyroid function evaluation should be made mandatory in cases of AUB to detect thyroid dysfunction.


2021 ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Kumari Ragini ◽  
Kumar Sourav ◽  
Lata Shukla Diwedi ◽  
Debarshi Jana

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common disorder occurring in reproductive age group females. It can be understood as bleeding that occurs from the uterus outside the normal parameters and there is no structural defects in the genital tract. One of the most common association with AUB is thyroid dysfunctions. Hence this study aimed to see the incidence of thyroid related disorders in AUB and also to assess the menstrual pattern. Material and Methods: 100 women suffering from AUB who presented to OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar were recruited in the study. All females in 19 to 45 years of age group with abnormal uterine bleeding were included excluding those with previously known thyroid disorder, abortion history within 3 months etc. Thyroid function tests were done in all along with ultrasonography of pelvis region. Statistical analysis done. Results: The bleeding abnormality that was found in the most of the women was heavy menstrual bleeding. Women who presented with thyroid dysfunction were 33%. 23% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 6% had hypothyroidism and 4% had hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding has strong association with thyroid disorders. Most common type of disorder is subclinical hypothyroidism. Thus all patient of AUB must be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Ranjit ◽  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Smrity Maskey ◽  
Pramila Parajuli

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an ecological imbalance of the vaginal microbiota affecting mostly women of reproductive age group. This study was carried out among 160 nonpregnant women registered at the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics of KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal, from November 2014 to May 2015. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the risk factors with BV and analyze the type of bacteria associated with BV. Nugent’s scoring method was used for diagnosis of BV in this study. The overall prevalence of BV was 24.4% among symptomatic patients. Douching was statistically related to BV(P=0.015). Also, BV was significantly associated with consistency(P=0.0001), odor(P=0.02), and amount of abnormal vaginal discharge(P=0.09). Contraceptives users on anatomical sites were found more prone to BV than those who did not use contraceptives on anatomical sites.Pseudomonasspp.,Escherichia coli, Acinetobacterspp., Proteusspp., Klebsiellaspp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterobacterspp., Citrobacterspp., Staphylococcus aureus,Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS),andStreptococcus agalactiaewere associated with BV and out of thoseLactobacillusspp. was the predominant organism. The higher prevalence of BV among symptomatic patients indicates interventions should be applied to reduce the incidence of stillbirth, abortion, and sterility.


Author(s):  
Aiyleen S. Shawl ◽  
Massarat Naz

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) means any bleeding that is not normal in amount, duration, frequency, and cyclicity. It is a common disorder occurring in reproductive age group females. It can be understood as bleeding that occurs from the uterus outside the normal parameters and there are no structural defects in the genital tract. One of the most common associations with AUB is thyroid dysfunctions. Hence, this study aimed to see the incidence of thyroid-related disorders in AUB and also to assess the menstrual pattern.Methods: A total 100 women suffering from AUB who presented to OPD of the gynecology department of L D Hospital Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir were recruited in the study. All females in 19 to 45 years of age group with abnormal uterine bleeding were included excluding those with a previously known thyroid disorder, abortion history within 3 months, etc. Thyroid function tests were done in all along with ultrasonography of the pelvis region. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v.23.0. and Microsoft office 2007.Results: The bleeding abnormality that was found in most of the women was heavy menstrual bleeding. Out of the 100 patients taken into study 11 had thyroid disorders, out of which subclinical hypothyroidism was most prevalent accounting for 8 cases, 2 cases were found to have hypothyroidism and 1 case of hyperthyroidism was detected.Conclusions: Abnormal uterine bleeding has a strong association with thyroid disorders. The most common type of disorder is subclinical hypothyroidism. Thus, all patient of AUB must be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction.


Author(s):  
Karthiga Prabhu J. ◽  
Shanmugapriya C. ◽  
Sunita Samal ◽  
Balaji Ramraj

Background: Ovarian torsion is one of the most common causes of emergency surgery in gynecology. Though it is more common in reproductive age group, it can occur in extremes of age group. So, we had analysed the clinical presentation, surgical characteristics, and causes of adnexal torsion among adolescent population, reproductive-age women, and postmenopausal women.Methods: Patients with adnexal torsion who were treated in department of obstetrics and gynecology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre from October 2016 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Among the 53 cases of adnexal torsion during the study period, maximum (38, 71.6%) were in the reproductive age group. There were three patients with ovarian torsion during pregnancy. Acute pain abdomen was the significant presenting symptom in adolescent group compared to other two group (100% versus 80.6% versus 40%, p = 0.03). Adnexal pathology was in the ovary in 76% and isolated tubal pathology in 5%. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without total abdominal hysterectomy was more commonly performed in postmenopausal patients (100%), as opposed to conservative surgery- detorsion and cystectomy in premenopausal women (56%). In Adolescent patients 62% had polycystic ovaries as intraoperative finding. Histopathology were benign except for a patient in postmenopausal age group who had granulosa cell tumour.Conclusions: An early identification of adnexal torsion is necessary in order to achieve conservative treatment in order to maximize the future reproductive potential in younger patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Parul Puri ◽  
Ajinkya Kothavale ◽  
S.K. Singh ◽  
Sanghamitra Pati

Background: India's government is currently running several programs with a sole focus on women's health during their child-bearing years. However, none of these programs incorporate the management of chronic health conditions during the reproductive span. This issue is an emerging public health concern; therefore, the present study aims to identify the patterns and correlates of multimorbidity among women in reproductive age groups in India. Methods: The study utilizes nationally-representative cross-sectional data from the Demographic and Health Survey on 661,811 women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years. The study uses information on seven chronic morbidities, namely asthma, cancers, heart disease, diabetes, tuberculosis, hypertension, and thyroid disorder. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable techniques were utilized to accomplish the study objective. Results: The findings show that 17.4 and 3.5 per 100 women of reproductive age suffered from any one morbidity and multimorbidity, respectively. Hypertension, diabetes, and thyroid disorders were commonly occurring morbidities. The prevalence of having any one morbidity or multimorbidity increased with age. Variables like religion, wealth, parity, menopause, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, body mass index, and type of diet were found to be significantly related to the burden of multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity was found to be higher for women who belong to the Southern, Eastern, and North-Eastern regions of India. Conclusions: Findings suggest the importance of multimorbidity in the context of women of reproductive age. Inclusion of chronic disease management strategies with maternal and child health services needs to be taken into consideration by the program and policymakers. The annexation of social marketing approaches at the primary level of healthcare would assist policy-makers in educating women about the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle. Practicing dietary diversity can help in maintaining optimal estrogen levels, which would further help in decreasing multimorbidity rates among women in India.


Author(s):  
Brunda N. K. ◽  
Pavan Kalasker ◽  
Bhaskar Kurre

Background: India has made rapid progress in social, economy and health sectors since independence and simultaneous dramatic changes in lifestyle and social roles for women, mortality rates have shifted, resulting in a decreasing advantage for women. Explaining the consequences of these dynamic changes requires understanding of the various health effects. In the future these changes will have significant impact on women’s health.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 ever married women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) residing in the urban field practice area of NMCH&RC. Study subjects were interviewed about gynecological morbidities experienced in the recent past 6 months. Blood samples were collected and hemoglobin estimation was done.Results: Out of the total 400 ever married women of reproductive age group (15-49 years), 153 women were found to have gynecological morbidity and the prevalence was found to be 38.3%. Statistically significant association was found among the prevalence of gynecological morbidity and variables like literacy status, occupation, age at marriage, age at menarche and type of family of respondents.Conclusions: Due to the traditional and social constrains, socio-cultural factors of study participants, limit their access to the health care and social support services, thereby providing an environment conducive to acquiring and transmitting RTI/STIs. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Parul Puri ◽  
Ajinkya Kothavale ◽  
S.K. Singh ◽  
Sanghamitra Pati

Background: India's government is currently running several programs with a sole focus on women's health during their child-bearing years. However, none of these programs incorporate the management of chronic health conditions during the reproductive span. This issue is an emerging public health concern; therefore, the present study aims to identify the patterns and correlates of multimorbidity among women in reproductive age groups in India. Methods: The study utilizes nationally-representative cross-sectional data from the Demographic and Health Survey on 661,811 women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years. The study uses information on seven chronic morbidities, namely asthma, cancers, heart disease, diabetes, tuberculosis, hypertension, and thyroid disorder. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable techniques were utilized to accomplish the study objective. Results: The findings show that 17.4 and 3.5 per 100 women of reproductive age suffered from any one morbidity and multimorbidity, respectively. Hypertension, diabetes, and thyroid disorders were commonly occurring morbidities. The prevalence of having any one morbidity or multimorbidity increased with age. Variables like religion, wealth, parity, menopause, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, body mass index, and type of diet were found to be significantly related to the burden of multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity was found to be higher for women who belong to the Southern, Eastern, and North-Eastern regions of India. Conclusions: Findings suggest the importance of multimorbidity in the context of women of reproductive age. Inclusion of chronic disease management strategies with maternal and child health services needs to be taken into consideration by the program and policymakers. The annexation of social marketing approaches at the primary level of healthcare would assist policy-makers in educating women about the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle. Practicing dietary diversity can help in maintaining optimal estrogen levels, which would further help in decreasing multimorbidity rates among women in India.


Author(s):  
Pujitha Vallivedu Chennakesavulu ◽  
Cuddapah Gaurav Venkat ◽  
Suddapalli Siva Keerthana ◽  
Harika Govada ◽  
Reddivari Preethi

Background: Globally every day, approximately 830 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. 99% of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries. Care before during and after childbirth can save the lives of women and new born babies which is also known as birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR). The objective of this study aims to assess practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness among families of women in the field practicing area of Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad.Methods: Field based descriptive study was done during August 2019 to February 2020 for a period of 6 months in urban field practising area. Sample size was 450 families, which includes, antenatal mothers 450 and their husbands 450, and 220 reproductive age group women.  Results: Awareness of key danger signs during pregnancy (73.8%), labour/childbirth (56.7%) and postpartum (44%) were more among antenatal women whereas knowledge of danger signs of new born was highest among husbands of currently pregnant women. Planning of giving birth with a skilled provider was also high among antenatal women (98%) and in their husbands (97.5%), but saving for the same was very low in reproductive age group study population (20.4%).Conclusions: All these findings conclude Indian husbands of urban were more concerned about problems and safety of their offspring that is new born, than antenatal mother. Awareness of danger signs in the new born was lowest.


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