Antibacterial Effect of Essential Oils (Clove Oil, Castor Oil and Ginger Oil) Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Essential oils are volatile, natural, complex compounds which are produced as secondary metabolites by plants for their protection against various microorganisms as well as pests. A wide range of plants have been explored for their essential oils in the past few decades. The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oils against human pathogenic bacteria which were gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) as well as gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella sonnei). Five ml of three different oils, i.e. clove oil, castor oil, and ginger oil, were taken in a test tube so that each oil had four different concentrations. Four concentrations of (0, 25, 50 and 75) μL of oils were mixed with 1000, 975, 950 and 925 μL of DMSO respectively to make it a volume of 1ml. It was observed that clove oil was effective against the entire gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria that were used. The inhibition zone was greatest in the case of clove oil at 75 μL against P. aeruginosa (23 mm) and the smallest zone of inhibition was shown by castor oil against K. pneumoniae (12 mm). Other oils were sensitive as well as resistant to the bacteria. Hence, it is found that different oils have shown inhibitory activity towards different pathogens to a variable extent. However, clove oil was inhibitory to all the bacteria in all concentrations. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(4): 250-255

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Antimicrobial effect of essential oils of some Fijian medicinal plant leaves on pathogenic bacteria

The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1071/sp16005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Prayna P. P. Maharaj ◽

Riteshma Devi ◽

Surendra Prasad

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Agent ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative

Fiji is highly populated with plants containing essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted from the leaves of the selected Fijian leafy plants were screened against two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis). The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracted EO. All the EO tested showed antibacterial properties against one or more strains while none of the EO was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Annona muricata (Soursop), Coleus amboinicus (Spanish thyme) and Cinnamomum zeylancium (Cinnamon) showed good inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and proved as worthy source of antimicrobial agent. These findings will help the Pacific population to use the studied plants leaves as antimicrobial agent.

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Antibacterial Activity of Floral Petals of Some Angiosperms

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2019/v30i130168 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Rajanna ◽

N. Santhosh Kumar ◽

N. S. Suresha ◽

S. Lavanya

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Inhibitory Zone ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibacterial Assay

The in vitro antibacterial assay was carried out against both Gram positive (B. cerus and S. aureus) and Gram negative (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) bacteria. Floral petals of 20 different species of plants were collected and tested for antibacterial activity. The result showed that the petals were active against both Gram positive and Gram negative. Out of 20 floral petals tested, 19 floral petals exhibited antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains. The minimal inhibitory zone of floral petal discs against human pathogenic bacteria varies from 2 – 6 mm. Rosa carolina and Ruellia tuberosa showed significance inhibition zone for all the bacterial strains while Lantana camara does not show inhibition zone for any of these pathogenic bacteria.

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Antibacterial activity of different fractional extracts of cerastium glomeratum

Journal Of Tropical Pharmacy And Chemistry ◽

10.25026/jtpc.v5i1.223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Himayat Ullah ◽

Muhammad Hubaib ◽

Muhammad Israr ◽

Muhammad Mushtaq ◽

Muhammad Zeeshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Water Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Active Components ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Wide Range

Every plant available in the universe is not produced to be the part of biodiversity, but is also produced to obtain medicinal purposes. The medicinal value of the plant is due to the availability of various chemical compounds [1]. Since prehistoric time, the crude extract of plant is used to cure various diseases, although the biologically active components of the plant were unidentified [2]. In the present study the antibacterial activity is performed for various extracts of cerastium glomeratum. The plant cerastium glomeratum was collected from near kalpani river Mardan, Pakistan and was identified by lecturer Israr department of botany GPGC Mardan, Pakistan. The plant was dried under shade and grinded into powder form. The extraction process was done by using soxhlet apparatus, reflux condenser and maceration process using ethanol as a solvent. The extract was divided into different fractions of n-hexane, DCM, ethyl acetate and water. These four extracts were tested against gram positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (E.coli) bacteria using well diffusion technique. The water extract show a wide range inhibition zone against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria while n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate fractions show no zone of inhibition against bacteria. In effort to find new antibacterial compounds cerastium glomeratum seems to be a good plant for additional phytochemical studies.

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DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME IMPORTANT SPICES

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i10.2015.2932 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Ranganathan Kapilan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Wide Range

Wide range of plant extracts are used for medicinal purposes as they are very cheap, efficient, harmless and do not cause any side effects. Spices are parts of different plants and they add special aroma and taste to the food preparations. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of some important naturally grown spices against gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity of the spices was tested against gram positive bacteria Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and liquid nutrient extracts. Among all the extracts tested alcoholic extracts of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom), clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) and lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus) showed maximum antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria while alcoholic extract of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom) and lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus) showed maximum activity against gram positive bacteria. All the spices tested in this study proved that they have antibacterial activity and the maximum activity index (1.39) was exhibited by the ethanol extract of cardamom against E.coli.

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Bactericidal activity of Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh against Gram-positive and Gram-negative biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201022666210111122230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi ◽

Fazlurrahman Khan ◽

Young-Mog Kim

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Aim: To study the bactericidal activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractionations obtained from Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh (brown algae) towards Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative biofilm-forming human pathogenic bacteria. Background: The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the hospital and community settings lead to the discovery of alternative strategies. Marine organisms are considered as one of the potential sources of the diverse bioactive molecules against several biological activities. Hence, the algae especially the marine brown algae were selected to evaluate its antibacterial activities towards biofilm-forming human pathogenic bacteria. Objective: To restrain the drug-resistant ability of pathogenic bacteria, we have checked the extract of Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh (Phyophyceae) for the concerned bioactive compounds. Methods: Antibacterial activity towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated using disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Furthermore, the active compound present in the extracts were also identified using gaschromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results: A total of 21 bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS analysis with different chemical natures. The crude ethanolic extraction was fractionated sequentially according to the eluotropic series from less to extreme polar. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded for ethanolic extract on Listeria monocytogenes with a value of 38.00±0.17 mm and the lowest was 10.67±0.06 mm for ethyl acetate fraction on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ethyl acetate fractionate showed a higher effectivity than other fractionations. 256 µg/mL MIC value was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus and L. monocytogenes and 512 µg/mL against Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa. Its ethanolic extract also showed synergism with oxytetracycline on S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli. Furthermore, the same extracts also showed synergism with tetracycline on E. coli and with erythromycin on P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The present study reports the antibacterial activity of the S. aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh extracts against human pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, it also predicts the synergistic activity of selected antibiotic combinations against both selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Studies of Novel Series of 2,4-Bis(hydrazino)-6-substituted-1,3,5-triazine and Their Schiff Base Derivatives

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/8507567 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hessa H. Al-Rasheed ◽

Essam N. Sholkamy ◽

Monirah Al Alshaikh ◽

Mohammed R. H. Siddiqui ◽

Ahmed S. Al-Obaidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Studies ◽

Schiff Base Derivatives ◽

Wide Range

The present work represents the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial studies of novel series of 2,4-bis(hydrazino)-6-substituted-1,3,5-triazine and their Schiff base derivatives. IR, NMR (H1 and C13), elemental analysis, and LC-MS characterized the prepared compounds. The biological activity of the target products was evaluated as well. Twenty-two of the prepared compounds were selected according to their solubility in aqueous DMSO. Only eight compounds showed good activity against the selected pathogenic bacteria and did not show antagonistic effect against fungus Candida albicans. Two compounds 4k and 5g have wide-range effect presently in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria while other compounds (4f, 4i, 4m, 5d, 6i, and 6h) showed specific effect against the Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of 4f, 4i, 4k, and 6h compounds against Streptococcus mutans was 62.5 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 31.25 μg/mL, and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC of 4m, 4k, 5d, 5g, and 6h compounds against Staphylococcus aureus was 62.5 μg/mL, 31.25 μg/mL, 31.25 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC of 4k, 5g, and 6i compounds against Salmonella typhimurium was 31.25 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC of 6i compound against Escherichia coli was 62.5 μg/mL.

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Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Red Peacock Flower (Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.) Leaf Essential Oil

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.22.6.269-274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 269-274

Author(s):

Novena Risnalani Rintank Constani ◽

Hartati Soetjipto ◽

Sri Hartini

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Leaf Essential Oil

Peacock flower (Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.) leaves contain essential oils which can be used as an ingredient in cosmetics, perfume, aromatherapy, medicine, and supplements. The study was conducted to obtain essential oils from peacock flower leaves and determine the antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Antibacterial activity test was carried out by the agar diffusion method, using paper discs. Measurements were made for the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) that appeared, while the essential oil component was analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the peacock flower leaves (C. pulcherrima) had a moderate to strong antibacterial effect at a concentration of 7.5%-20% against gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Gram-negative E. coli bacteria are relatively more sensitive to peacock flower leaf essential oil compared to other test bacteria. Peacock flower (C. pulcherrima) leaf essential oil is composed of 7 main components namely β-Cubebene 33.87%; Caryophyllene 23.00%; γ-Elemene 13.18%; α-Pinene 10.96%; Cadina-1(10),4-diene 10.20%; Copaene; 7.09%; β-Pinene 1.70%.

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Antibacterial activity of different fractional extracts of cerastium glomeratum

Journal Of Tropical Pharmacy And Chemistry ◽

10.25026/jtpc.v5i2.223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Himayat Ullah ◽

Muhammad Hubaib ◽

Muhammad Israr ◽

Muhammad Mushtaq ◽

Muhammad Zeeshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Water Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Active Components ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Wide Range

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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Punica Granatum Peel Extract and their Biological Activity on different Pathogenic Bacteria

NeuroQuantology ◽

10.14704/nq.2021.19.9.nq21135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

Hussein H. Al-Turnachy ◽

Fadhilk. alibraheemi ◽

Ahmed Abd Alreda Madhloom ◽

Zahraa Yosif Motaweq ◽

Nibras Yahya Abdulla

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Peel Extract

The present study was included the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized by Punica granatum peel extract against pathogenic bacteria by testing warm aqueous P. granatum peel extract and silver nanoparticles. Punica granatum indicated potency for AgNP extracellular nanobiosynthesis after addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) 4mM to the extract supernatant, in both concentrations (100mg and 50mg). The biogenic AgNPs showed potency to inhibit both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial growth. Zons of inhibition in (mm) was lesser in gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. The resulted phytogenic AgNPs gave higher biological activity than warm aqueous Punica granatum peel extract. The inhibition zone of the phytogenic AgNPs on E. coli reached 17.53, 22.35, and 26.06 mm at (0.1, 0.5, and 1) mg/ml respectively. While inhibition zones of Punica warm aqueous extract reached 5.33, 10.63, and 16.08 mm at the same concentrations. phytogenic AgNPs gave smaller inhibition zones in gram-positive than gram- negative. Cytotoxic activity of the phytogenic AgNPs was assayed in vitro agaist human blood erythrocytes (RBCs), spectroscopic results showed absorbance at 540 nm hemolysis was observed. In general, AgNPs showed least RBCs hemolysis percentage, at 1 mg/ml concentration, hemolysis percentage was (4.50%). This study, concluded that the Punica granatum peel extract has the power of synthses of AgNPs characterized by broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with cyto-toxicity proportional to AgNPs concentration.

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Bactericidal activity of disinfectants

Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding) ◽

10.33920/sel-03-2010-02 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

S. B. Lysko ◽

M. V. Zadorozhnaya ◽

O. A. Suntsova

Keyword(s):

Federal State ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ammonium Compounds ◽

C Center ◽

Test Cultures ◽

Poultry Farming

The modern market of drugs off ers a wide range of disinfectants. However, the constant use of the same drugs contributes to the development of resistance in the microfl ora and reduces the quality of activities. In this regard to develop eff ective measures to combat and prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to periodically monitor the activity of disinfectants used in the enterprise. The purpose of the researches was to study the bactericidal eff ect of disinfectants on the microfl ora of poultry enterprises. The researches have been carried out at the Siberian Scientifi c and Research Institute of Poultry Farming – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientifi c Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientifi c Center”. The activity of 8 disinfectants to 37 test cultures isolated from poultry farms of diff erent productivity trends and species of poultry (chickens, turkeys, quails) has been tested. It has been found as a result of the conducted research that the most expressed bactericidal eff ect on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms were complex disinfectants, which included glutaraldehyde in combination with quaternary ammonium compounds. Thus, 1 % solutions of Gludesive and Viroshield provided the death of all test cultures, Dinovis Ultra and TN-4+ – 92 and 84 % of cultures. The disinfecting activity of Mirosan drug and formalin was most expressed for gram-positive microfl ora, among gram-negative microfl ora resistance was registered in 25–75 % and 25–50 % of cultures, respectively. Drugs EcoSide Advansa and Ecocide C have showed the lowest activity to all investigated microorganisms. The largest number of resistant cultures to the tested disinfectants have been registered in the bacteria of the genus Citrobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while simultaneously noted resistance to 4–6 drugs.

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