scholarly journals A Dwarfing Gene sd1-d (Dee-geo-woo-gen dwarf) on Lodging Resistance and Related Traits in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mukunda Bhattarai ◽  
Misa Kamimukai ◽  
Birendra Bahadur Rana ◽  
Hiroki Oue ◽  
Shinji Matsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Indica Variety ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Indica And Japonica Subspecies

A dwarfing allele at the sd1 locus on chromosome 1 in rice, sd1-d, has been playing important role for developing lodging-resistant and high-yielding indica varieties IR8 and IR36. The dominant allele SD1 for long culm at the locus is differentiated into SD1-in and SD1-ja that are harbored in indica and japonica subspecies, respectively. The sd1-d of IR36 was substituted with SD1-in or SD1-ja by 17 backcrosses with IR36, and two isogenic tall lines were developed by using an indica variety IR5867 and a japonica one ‘Koshihikari’ as donors, which were denoted by “5867-36” and “Koshi-36’’, respectively. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of dwarfing gene sd1-d on lodging resistance and related traits, compared with SD1-in and SD1-ja. Two isogenic lines and IR36 were cultivated in the field of the Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Japan during 2017. Regarding index of lodging (g·cm/g × 100), genotypes were in the order: 5867-36 (97.4) > Koshi-36 (74.1) > IR36 (46.0) on the 21st-day after 80%-heading, and they were in the same order on 10th-day after 80%-heading. The 4th-panicle length (cm) was in the order: 5867-36 (118.7) > Koshi-36 (97.6) > IR36 (78.6). Similarly, the 4th-top weight (g) was in the order: 5867-36 (12.2) > Koshi-36 (10.2) > IR36 (9.6). The highest breaking strength (g) was recorded in IR36 (1649) followed by 5867-36 (1493) whereas the lowest breaking strength (g) was recorded in Koshi-36 (1360). Consequently, it is inferred that sd1-d enhances lodging resistance due to the decreases in the length and weight above the 4th-internode as well as the increase of breaking strength. The effect of SD1-in on lodging resistance is lower than that of SD1-ja.

scholarly journals Deciphering the genetics basis of lodging resistance in wild rice O. longistaminata

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixiong Long ◽  
Dong Dan ◽  
Zhengqing Yuan ◽  
Yunping Chen ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract The abuse of fertilizer results in tall rice plants that are susceptible to lodging and reduced plant yield. Hence, it is important to identify and utilize the QTLs/genes for lodging resistance breeding. O. longistaminata exhibited a strong stem and high biomass productively, which could be the candidate gene pool for cultivars lodging resistance improvement. However, most of previous studies have focused on cultivated rice and few reports on wild rice. Here, a set of 152 BC 2 F 20 lines derived from a cross between 93-11 and O. longistaminata were evaluated for lodging resistance. QTL mapping analysis combined with SNP marker derived from high-throughput sequencing identified 12 QTLs for stem diameter (SD), 11 QTLs for stem length (SL) and 3 QTLs for breaking strength (BS). Of which, 14 QTLs were firstly identified from O. longistaminata. A major QTL, qLR1 which was delimited to a region about 80 Kb on chromosome 1, increased stem diameter, stem length and breaking strength. And another major QTL, qLR8 that was delimited in an interval about 100 Kb on chromosome 8, significantly enhanced the breaking strength. These results provide evidence that the O. longistaminata can be exploited to develop lodging resistant rice lines.

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Gene for Internode Length in Rice to Enhance Resistance to Lodging Using QTL Analysis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Zhao ◽  
Ju-Hyeong Son ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Kyung-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Uppermost Internode

Internode length and stem diameter are the primary traits affecting the lodging resistance of rice. Traits related to the length of the panicle (LP), uppermost internode (LUI), second internode (LSI), third internode (LTI), fourth internode (LFI), lowest internode (LLI) as well as stem diameter at the uppermost internode (SDUI), second internode (SDSI), third internode (SDTI), fourth internode (SDFI), and lowest internode (SDLI) in 120 Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid population were investigated using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Thirty-four QTL regions affected LP and the length of each internode. Twenty-six QTL regions were associated with the stem diameter of each internode. RM12285-RM212 on chromosome 1 contained 10 QTLs related to the internode length, which have overlapped for over 2 years. Twenty-three candidate genes were screened using mark interval. Among the candidate genes, Os01g0803900, named OsCYPq1, which is in the Cytochrome P450 family, might be involved in gibberellins (GA) synthesis. GA is an essential plant growth regulator that affects plant height. OsCYPq1 catalyzes oxidation steps in the middle part of the GA pathway. OsCYPq1 is expected to provide valuable information to improve the marker assessment for target traits and QTL gene cloning in rice.

Characterization of culm morphology, anatomy and chemical composition of foxtail millet cultivars differing in lodging resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. TIAN ◽  
L. Y. LIU ◽  
L. X. ZHANG ◽  
S. X. SONG ◽  
J. G. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Culm Wall

SUMMARYLodging can be an important factor in limiting yield and quality of summer foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]. Although lodging resistance varies among different genotypes, direct selection for lodging resistance is difficult because of its sporadic occurrence in the field and inconsistency between years. A 2-year-field study was conducted with 35 summer foxtail millet cultivars or advanced breeding lines to determine the association between lodging resistance and culm morphology, anatomy and chemical composition. Path analyses indicated that stem-breaking strength had the most important effect on the lodging coefficient. The breaking strength of stem was associated with specific morphological properties of the culm, such as greater culm diameter and most importantly culm wall thickness. Width of sclerenchyma tissue, and the number and sheath width of the large vascular bundles were the major anatomical properties that influenced stem-breaking strength. The cellulose and lignin compositions of the culm had different effects on stem-breaking strength. Cultivars with smaller lodging coefficients contained higher levels of cellulose, but lower levels of lignin than the cultivars that were more prone to lodging. The findings from the present study provide useful information on lodging-associated traits in the culm that can be used as indicators for the improvement of lodging resistance in foxtail millet.

scholarly journals GENE ACTIONS OF TRAITS CONTRIBUTING TO LODGING RESISTANCE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. I. Sarker ◽  
A. K. M. Shamsuddin ◽  
R. Ara
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Additive Genes

Estimates of gene action for lodging related traits at Wheat Research Center during 1999-2002 in three crosses of wheat showed different genetic control of the traits among the crosses. For almost all traits, additive or dominance effects or both components were significant in either three- or six-parameter model, indicating that both additive and dominance gene effects were operative for different traits contributing to lodging resistance. Although duplicate type of epistasis was also observed for second internode breaking strength, plant height and spikes per plant and grain yield per plant once in different crosses, additive x additive epistasis along with additive gene action for the aforesaid traits would improve selection of the same in the segregating populations. The additive x dominance gene interaction for second internode length, diameter and wall thickness would be useful too for improvement of second internode breaking strength and consequently lodging resistance, as their inheritance and selection in segregating populations would be relatively easier than the traits controlled by completely non-additive genes. For duplicate type of epistasis biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by conventional selection is suggested.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17031

scholarly journals The semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp from dwarf polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) is the "Green Revolution” gene Rht-B1b

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyue Chai ◽  
Qin Yao ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Xing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Triticum Polonicum ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract Background The wheat dwarfing gene increases lodging resistance, the grain number per spike and harvest index. Dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB, DPW), initially collected from Tulufan, Xinjiang, China, carries a semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp on chromosome 4BS. However, Rht-dp and its dwarfing mechanism are unknown. Results Homologous cloning and mapping revealed that Rht-dp is the ‘Green Revolution’ gene Rht-B1b. A haplotype analysis in 59 tetraploid wheat accessions showed that Rht-B1b was only present in T. polonicum. Transcriptomic analysis of two pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of DPW × Tall Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB, TPW) revealed 41 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as potential dwarfism-related genes. Among them, 28 functionally annotated DEGs were classed into five sub-groups: hormone-related signalling transduction genes, transcription factor genes, cell wall structure-related genes, reactive oxygen-related genes, and nitrogen regulation-related genes. Conclusions These results indicated that Rht-dp is Rht-B1b, which regulates pathways related to hormones, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen assimilation to modify the cell wall structure, and then limits cell wall loosening and inhibits cell elongation, thereby causing dwarfism in DPW.

Stem lodging parameters of the basal three internodes associated with plant population densities and developmental stages in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) cultivars differing in resistance to lodging

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohong Tian ◽  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Hongjie Li
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Basal Internode

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) is a soft-stemmed summer cereal crop that is grown at a high crop density; however, stem lodging is recognised as a serious yield-limiting factor. The stem-breaking strength of the third to fifth basal internodes has previously been identified as the most important factor in determining the lodging resistance of foxtail millet. We measured variation in stem-breaking strength, length and weight of these internodes at different developmental stages and in response to different crop densities by using foxtail millet cultivars that differed in lodging resistance. The stem-breaking strength of the third internode was greater than of the fourth and fifth internodes, which had comparable stem-breaking strengths; this result was independent of genotype and developmental stage. The stem-breaking strengths of the three internodes were significantly correlated with each other and linearly related across different developmental stages and crop densities. The stem-breaking strength of the three internodes at hard dough stage (Zadoks growth stage Z87, at 30 days after flowering) was less than at other developmental stages in the lodging-resistant genotypes. Stem-breaking strength for the three internodes was correlated with fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) per cm. The variation of FW and DW per cm of the internodes in response to crop density was attributed to the change of FW and DW of the corresponding internodes, rather than to variation in their length. Results from this study showed that the fourth or fifth basal internode was more prone to lodging than the third basal internode because of their lesser stem-breaking strength. Crop density linearly influenced the stem-breaking strength of the three basal internodes. Reducing crop density enhanced stem-breaking strength of third to fifth internodes, which may reduce the risk of stem lodging in this crop. Based on the findings, the stem-breaking strength of the fourth or fifth basal internode measured at the late grain-filling stage from Z77 (late milk) to Z87 (hard dough) differentiated stem-breaking strength, the most important stem lodging associated parameter, in the foxtail millet genotypes.

scholarly journals The semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp from dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) is the “Green Revolution” gene Rht-B1b

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyue Chai ◽  
Qin Yao ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Xing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Triticum Polonicum ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

Abstract Background The wheat dwarfing gene improves lodging resistance, and increases the grain number per spike and harvest index. Dwarf polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB, DPW), initially collected from Tulufan, Xinjiang, China, carries a semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp on chromosome 4BS. However, Rht-dp and its dwarfing mechanism are unknown. Results Homologous cloning and fine mapping revealed that Rht-dp is the ‘Green Revolution’ gene Rht-B1b. A haplotype analysis showed that Rht-B1b was only present in T. polonicum. Transcriptomic analysis of two pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of DPW × TPW revealed 41 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as potential dwarfism-related genes. Among them, 28 functionally annotated DEGs were classed into five sub-groups: hormone-related signalling transduction genes, transcription factor genes, cell wall structure-related genes, reactive oxygen-related genes, and nitrogen regulation-related genes. Conclusions These results indicated that Rht-dp is Rht-B1b, which regulates pathways related to hormones, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen assimilation to modify the cell wall structure, and then limits cell wall loosening and inhibits cell elongation, thereby causing dwarfism in DPW.

scholarly journals Genetic Performance of the Semidwarfing Allele sd1 Derived from a Japonica Rice Cultivar and Minimum Requirements to Detect Its Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism by MiSeq Whole-Genome Sequencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motonori Tomita ◽  
Kazuo Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genome ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Minimum Requirements

The influence of the semidwarfing gene sd1 derived from the rice cultivar Jukkoku (Jukkoku_sd1) and IR8 (IR8_sd1), which contributed to the Green Revolution, d60 from Hokuriku 100, as well as the combination of sd1 and d60 (Jukkoku_sd1 plus d60 and IR8_sd1 plus d60), was investigated using isogenic lines raised by backcrossing with the cultivar Koshihikari. The isogenic lines carrying Jukkoku_sd1, IR8_sd1, d60, Jukkoku_sd1 plus d60, and IR8_sd1 plus d60 had considerably shorter culm lengths than Koshihikari by 19.2%, 22.8%, 26.0%, 45.1%, and 43.4%, respectively. The sd1 plus d60 lines showed additively reduced culms, indicating that the function of d60 was different from sd1. In contrast to the culm reduction, Jukkoku_sd1 showed productive merit with a panicle length of 2.5% greater than the origin. MiSeq next-generation sequencer was used to optimize a minimum scale to detect Jukkoku_sd1 in practical breeding. Mapping with the reference genome of Nipponbare gained the average depths of Koshihikari Jukkoku_sd1 and Koshihikari being 9.17 and 7.29, respectively. Comparing the vcf files of the entire genomes of Koshihikari Jukkoku_sd1 and the virtual Koshihikari revealed a G to T SNP at position 38,382,746 in the sd1 locus on chromosome 1 of Koshihikari, causing a loss-of-function mutation of GA20-oxidase.

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