scholarly journals Study of Mandibular Foramen in Adult Human Mandible Bones: An Osteological Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Gupta ◽  
Gaurav Jung Shah ◽  
Ram Jiban Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mandibular Notch

Introduction: The mandibular foramen is located on the medial surface of the ramus of mandible through which inferior alveolar nerve and vessels pass and supply the lower jaw. For dentists inferior alveolar nerve block is important to anesthetize the lower jaw for conducting various surgical procedures. Aims: To determine the accurate position of mandibular foramen through which inferior alveolar nerve and vessels were passing and supply the lower jaw and its clinical importance. Methods: This study was conducted on 35 dry mandible bones consisting of 70 mandibular foramens of unknown sex. All the important parameters were studied using vernier caliper. Results: The mean distance of mandibular foramen from mandibular notch was 21.00 mm on right side and 20.29 mm on left side, from posterior border was 12.63 mm on right side and 12.37 mm on left side, from angle of mandible was 20.60 mm on right side and 20.46 mm on left side, from base of the mandible was 23.57 mm on right side and 23.6 mm on left side, from anterior border was 16.74 mm on right side and 16.89 mm on left side. Conclusion: The accurate position of mandibular foramen varies. The knowledge of the average distance of mandibular foramen from various landmarks is useful for dental anesthesia and also helps to avoid complications.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MANDIBULAR FORAMEN AND INCIDENCE OF ACCESSORY MANDIBULAR FORAMINA IN ADULT HUMAN MANDIBLES OF AN INDIAN POPULATION. Análisis morfométrico del foramen mandibular e incidencia de la foramina mandibular accesoria en mandíbulas adult

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajna Paramita Samanta ◽  
Poonam Kharb
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Oral Surgical Procedures ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Mandibular Notch

El foramen mandibular es un importante hito anatómico. Para procedimientos como el bloqueo alveolar inferior del nervio, el tratamiento con implantes y osteotomías mandibulares, un profundo conocimiento de la ubicación del foramen mandibular (MF) y el foramen mandibular accesorio (AMF) es un requisito previo. Hay pocas referencias en la literatura con respecto a la localización anatómica exacta del foramen mandibular. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la ubicación exacta de la MF y la incidencia de la AMF alrededor MF en una población india. Sesenta (60) mandíbulas humanas adultas fueron estudiadas para determinar la distancia del LV de la los anteriores, bordes posteriores de la rama mandibular, maxilar inferior categoría y el ángulo de la mandíbula. AMF todo el MF también fueron estudiados por su presencia y números. La distancia media de MF del borde anterior de rama mandibular fue 15,72 ±2,92 mm(lado derecho), 16,23 ±2,88 mm(lado izquierdo), de borde posterior fue 13,29 ±1,74 mm(lado derecho) y 12,73 ±2,04 mm(a la izquierda lado). La MF se encuentra 22,70 ±3 mm(lado derecho) y 22, 27 ± 2,62 mm(lado izquierdo) de la muesca mandibular. La distancia de MF de ángulo de la mandíbula fue 21,54 ±2,92 mm(lado derecho) y 21,13 ±3.43 mm(lado izquierdo). AMF estuvieron presentes en el 16, 66% de las mandíbulas. En 10% de las mandíbulas una sola AMF estaba presente y en el 6,66% hubo dos agujeros presentes. La ubicación del MF y AMF es importante para evitar compli-caciones como hemorragia y parestesia durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos orales y también para los radioterapeutas en la planificación de la radioterapia.  The mandibular foramen is an important anatomical land mark. For procedures like inferior alveolar nerve block, implant treatment and mandibular osteotomies, a thorough knowledge of the location of the mandibular foramen (MF) and accessory mandibular foramina (AMFs) is a prerequisite. There are few references in the literature regarding the exact anatomical location of the mandibular foramen. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the precise location of the MF and the incidence of AMFs around MF in an Indian population. Sixty (60) adult human mandibles were studied to determine the distance of the MF from the anterior, posterior borders of the mandibular ramus, mandibular notch and angle of the mandible. AMFs around the MF were also studied for their presence and numbers. The average distance of MF from the anterior border of mandibular ramus was 15.72 ±2.92 mm(right side), 16.23 ±2.88 mm(left side), from posterior border was 13.29  ±1.74 mm(right side) and 12.73 ±2.04 mm(left side).The MF was located 22.70 ±3 mm(right side) and  22.27 ±2.62 mm(left side) from mandibular notch. The distance of MF from angle of mandible was 21.54 ±2.92 mm(right side) and 21.13 ±3.43 mm(left side). AMFs were present in 16.66% of mandibles. In 10% mandibles a single AMF was present and in 6.66 % double foramina were present. Location of MF and AMF is important to avoid complications like hemorrhage and paresthesia during oral surgical procedures and also for radiotherapists in planning radiation therapy. 

scholarly journals Mandibular foramen location

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cristina Sales Salineiro ◽  
Solange Kobayashi-Velasco ◽  
Isabel Peixoto Tortamano ◽  
Rodney Garcia Rocha ◽  
Marcelo Gusmão Paraiso Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Success ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Mandibular Notch

Objective: This study proposed to locate the mandibular foramen position by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, based on landmarks used at inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique in order to increase the success rate of this procedure. Materials and methods: 58 mandibular foramina of 29 adult patients were evaluated. Linear and angular CBCT measurements were defined for the mandibular foramen based on the IANB technique. The measurements were performed by two radiologists. Data analyses consisted of verifying the normality, obtaining the mean value of all patients and comparing the data obtained between male and female patients. Results: Student’s t and Mann-Whitney’s U tests were used to calculate the mean mandibular foramen position. The three mean position measurements of the mandibular foramen were 13.5 mm above the occlusal plan (15.5 mm for male and 11.7 mm for female patients), 14.6 mm below the mandibular notch (14.9 mm for male and 13.7 mm for female patients) and 14.2 mm from the anterior border of mandibular ramus (14.6 mm for male and 13.8 mm for female patients). The angle formed by the molar lines and contralateral premolar lines was 25.8° and the angle formed by the molar lines and contralateral second premolar/molar lines was 31.5°. Conclusion: CBCT images were a useful method to provide the measurements of the mandibular foramen position based on landmarks used by the IANB technique. We encourage the use of these measurements as reference to increase the clinical success when performing the IANB technique.

Prevalence and Length of the Anterior Loop of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Iranians

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Rastegar Moghddam ◽  
Zeinab Davoudmanesh ◽  
Nasim Azizi ◽  
Vahid Rakhshan ◽  
Mahsa Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean

The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve is a sensitive anatomical feature that should be taken into account during installation of dental implants anterior to the mental foramen. This study was conducted to explore the controversy regarding prevalence and length. A total of 452 mandible quadrants of 234 patients (age: 50.1 ± 13.3 years, 113 males, 121 females) were studied using cone-beam computerized tomography. After reconstructing axial, frontal, and sagittal slices, the region between the most anterior point on the mental foramen and the most anterior part of the mandibular nerve was inspected for signs of anterior loop presence. If positive, the length of the anterior loop was measured in mm as the distance between the anterior border of mental foramen and the anterior border of the loop. Prevalence and length of the anterior loop were compared statistically between sexes and age groups. The anterior loop was observed in 106 quadrants (23.5% of 451 quadrants) of 95 patients (40.6% of 234 patients), of whom 11 had bilateral anterior loops. Prevalences were similar in males (41%) and females (39%, chi-square P =.791). The mean anterior loop length was 2.77 ± 1.56 mm (95% CI: 2.5–3.1 mm), without significant sex (regression beta = −0.159, P = .134) or age (beta = −0.059, P = .578) differences. The anterior loop might exist in about 40% of patients, regardless of their gender. The mean safe anterior distance from the anterior loop is about 3 mm + (2.5–3.1 mm) = 5.5–6.1 mm, regardless of age.

scholarly journals Intra-Oral Ultrasonography of Young Adult Mandibular Foramen: A Reliable Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojdeh Mehdizadeh ◽  
Negar Baharlouei ◽  
Hossein Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Color Doppler ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ultrasound System ◽  
The Right

Background: The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block is the most commonly used mandibular injection method for local anesthesia in restorative and surgical procedures. Ultrasound images can provide more accurate information about the location of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasound images of patients to determine the location of the mandibular foramen (MF) relative to the adjacent landmarks. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 50 patients were subjected to intra-oral ultrasonography of the right and left sides of the mandible. An Alpinion ultrasound system (Seoul, South Korea) was used for detecting the MF, as well as its distance from different landmarks. Results: In all patients, the MF was found using color Doppler ultrasonography. The probability of detecting MF in conventional ultrasonography was estimated at 36% and 18% for the right and left sides of the mandible without using the Doppler technique, respectively. The mean MF distance from the anterior border of the ramus was 14.6 ± 2.1 and 16.1 ± 2.1 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. Also, the vertical distance of MF from the occlusal plane was 7.5 ± 1.1 mm on the right side and 8.7 ± 1.2 mm on the left side of the mandible. In all studied patients, the MF was above the occlusal plane. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ultrasonography is not only a suitable option for intra-oral imaging due to its non-ionizing beams, but is also appropriate for localization of the MF and its related landmarks.

scholarly journals Multiple unilateral accessory mandibular foramina-a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
Anupama Mahajan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Molar Tooth ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Accessory Foramina

AbstractAccessory foramina in the mandible are known to transmit branches of nerves supplying the roots of the teeth. The mandibular foramen is present on the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible which transmits the inferior alveolar nerve. An adult human mandible of unknown sex was found to have multiple mandibular foramina on the medial surface of right ramus. A large accessory mandibular foramen was present anterosuperior to the main mandibular foramen. The dimensions were 6 mm antero posteriorly and 11mm vertically. The dimensions of the mandibular foramen were 9 mm antero posteriorly and 12mm vertically. The distance between two foramina was 20 mm and between the accessory mandibular foramen and apex of lingula was 7 mm. The distance between the posterior border of the accessory mandibular foramen and posterior border of ramus were 15 mm. The accessory mandibular foramen led into a canal which was directed obliquely and joined the mandibular canal at the level of third molar tooth. Two more small mandibular foramina were present one just below the accessory mandibular foramen discussed above and second near the main mandibular foramen. Both of them were of too small size to measure. The accessory mandibular foramen is a rare variation and awareness of its incidence and its position is necessary. The structures passing through it can be compromised during surgical procedures of this area.

scholarly journals Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) estimation of prevalence and anatomic characteristics of the sternal body foramen in the population of central Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Maja Vulovic ◽  
Ivana Zivanovic-Macuzic ◽  
Dejan Jeremic ◽  
Nela Djonovic ◽  
Aleksandar Radunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Sternal Foramen

Background/Aim. The most frequent form of sternal defects is a single foramen, usually located at the distal half of the sternal body, with prevalence that varies among different ethnic populations. Clinical importance of these defects arises from various diagnostic and therapeutic sternal treatments and close location of heart, lungs and other vital organs of the chest cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and morphometric characteristics of the sternal midline foramen in the population of central Serbia. Methods. The multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) chest images of 422 patients of both genders were analyzed. The radiological imaging was performed on 64- slice MDCT scanner (Aquilion 64, Toshiba, Japan). All scans were performed in the axial plane, with subsequent multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). Due to the angulation of the sternal body coronal curved-planar, the images were obtained in order to show the whole length of the sternum and the vertical diameter of the sternal foramen. The measurements were done using the commercially available software (Imaging Software ver. 4.1.14.0, Vital-Images). Results. The solitary foramen, located in the distal segment of the sternal body, was detected in 24 patients, representing 5.9% of the observed population with slightly higher prevalence in males. The average size of foramen was 3.9 ? 4.2 mm. The mean distance from the skin was 12.7 ? 3.3 mm, the distance from skin to pericardium was on average 37.3 ? 8.2 mm, while the average distance from skin to pleura was 25 ? 5.9 mm. The average depth of foramen 8.7 ? 2 mm, while the mean distance from the posterior surface of foramen to pericardium was 12.7 ? 9.1 mm. Conclusion. The results presented in this paper confirmed the prevalence of 5.9% regarding the midline sternal foramen in the observed population. Serious complications of the sternal puncture could be prevented by prior MDCT imaging.

scholarly journals Topographical Landmarks for Identification of Inferior Alveolar Nerve and its Surgical Implications - a Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariyanachi K ◽  
Sushma P
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Block ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Posterior Division ◽  
Mandibular Notch ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Background: Inferior alveolar nerve, which arises from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve, contains both sensory and motor fibres. The intraosseous course of the nerve is variable. Mandibular foramen is situated on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus. It is an important anatomical landmark for procedures like sagittal split osteotomies and inferior alveolar nerve block.Methods: The precise location of mandibular foramen was studied by the dissection of formalin fixed cadavers available for undergraduate dissection for a period of two years fron 2014-2016. Results: The mandibular foramen was 21±3.33 mm superior to the gonion at an angle of 980±50 with the base of the mandible. The mandibular foramen was 20.13±3.1 mm inferior to the lowest point of the mandibular notch. Accessory mandibular foramen was observed in 9.37% of the samples dissected.Conclusion: The present study explains the position of mandibular foramen in relation to prominent bony landmarks and the knowledge about the mandibular foramen, helps dental surgeons during inferior alveolar nerve blocks and split osteotomies.Practical implications: Failure rate of the inferior alveolar nerve block has been reported to be approximately 20-25%. A thorough anatomical knowledge of the mandibular ramus is essential for inferior alveolar nerve blocks and sagittal split osteotomies, since they are technically difficult procedures and as they are also associated with a higher incidence of complications.

scholarly journals Panoramic Radiographic Relationship of the Mandibular Foramen to the Anterior Border of the Ramus and Occlusal Plane as an Aid in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Esshagh Lasemi ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi ◽  
Ahmad Reza Talaeipour ◽  
Shahrouz Shafaeifard ◽  
Mohamad Javad Kharrazi Fard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Block ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Case Series Study

The location of the mandibular foramen (MF) on digital panoramic radiographs can be an important guide for clinicians when administering the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for dental anesthesia of the mandible. This study, aimed to assess the location of the MF relative to the anterior border (AB) of the ramus and the occlusal plane (OP) from digital panoramic radiographs. An observational case series study was conducted on digital panoramic radiographs from the oral and maxillofacial radiology department archives of patients at least 18 years of age with a 1:1 scale (100%). The samples had to have at least 2 lower molar teeth on both sides without any blurring, previous fracture of the ramus or other artifacts. The distance of the MF to the OP and the AB of the ramus was measured using a caliper. The role of age and gender were also analyzed statistically using the 2-way analysis of variance test. One hundred ninety-four digital panoramic radiographs were included in the analysis. The findings showed that the vertical distance of the MF to the OP was a maximum of 14.52 mm and a minimum of −3.0 mm (mean 4.32 ± 2.34 mm). The distance of the MF to the AB of the ramus was a maximum of 25.52 and a minimum 9.68 mm (mean 16.48 ± 3.28 mm). Based on these findings, the IANB target site for injection should be approximately 5 mm above the OP and approximately 16.5 mm beyond the AB of the ramus to achieve successful anesthesia of the mandible via standard IANB in an Iranian population.

ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MANDIBULAR FORAMEN IN DRY ADULT HUMAN MANDIBLES IN BIHAR STATE REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Singh ◽  
Md. Zahid Hussain ◽  
Subodh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Mean

Background: The morphological knowledge of the mandibular foramen is very important during dental procedures involving lower jaw, as structures that pass through this foramen are at risk. Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block is the most frequently used nerve block technique in dental practice. Location of mandibular foramen is clinically important in Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block, dentoalveolar surgery planning, and various endodontic treatments. Present study aimed to locate the precise location of mandibular foramen in relation to the borders of the mandibular ramus, its distances from different bone landmarks on internal surface of ramus of dry mandible and incidence of occurrence of accessory mandibular foramen in local population. Material And Methods: Present study was a cross-sectional study of 50 (fty) dry adult human mandibles, obtained from the dissection room of the department of Anatomy, NMCH, Patna, Bihar. Location of MF(Mandibular foramen) from various parameters was determined with digital Vernier calipers. The presence of accessory mandibular foramen in and around mandibular foramen on the medial surface of mandibular ramus was by simple visual observation with the help of a magnifying lens and their prevalence rate was noted. All the above parameters were carefully documented and statistically analysed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Student's t test was used as test of signicance to compare the mean values of right and left sides and a P-value less than 0.05 was taken to be statistically signicant. Results: Total 50 dry adult human mandibles were studied. The mean distance of mandibular foramina to anterior border of ramus was 16.97 ± 2.13 (R) mm and 17.04 ± 2.72mm(L), to posterior border was (R): 13.73 ± 2.28 mm and (L): 14.16 ± 2. 05 mm, to mandibular notch was (R): 20.50 ± 2.11 mm and (L): 20.10 ± 2.82 mm and to inferior border was (R): 26.93 ± 3.09 mm and (L): 26.37 ± 4.25 mm. We noted that there was no signicant difference in the values on the right and left sides (p>0.05). All mandibles (100%) have bilateral mandibular foramen. Unilaterally Single Accessory mandibular foramen was present in 11 (22%) mandibles. Unilaterally double accessory mandibular foramen was present in 06 (12%). Bilateral double accessory mandibular foramen was noted in 02(04%) mandibles only. Bilateral single accessory mandibular foramen was noted in 04(08%) mandibles. Conclusion: Present study provides valuable information regarding distances between mandibular foramen and surgically encountered anatomical landmarks, which is very useful to dental surgeons.

scholarly journals A cadaveric study of the location and morphology of the central patellar ridge for bone-patellar tendon-bone graft

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanathep Tanpowpong ◽  
Thun Itthipanichpong ◽  
Thanasil Huanmanop ◽  
Nonn Jaruthien ◽  
Nattapat Tangchitcharoen
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Anterior Cortex ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Central Ridge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bone Patellar Tendon ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract Introduction The central ridge of the patella is the thickest area of patella and varies among patients. This cadaveric study identified the location and thickness of the bone at the central patella ridge for bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) harvesting. Materials and methods Fifty cadaveric knees were assessed. First, the morphology, length, width, and location of the central patellar ridge were recorded. Then, we transversely cut the patella 25 mm from the lower pole and measured the thickness of the anterior cortex, cancellous bone, and cartilage from both the mid-patella and the central ridge location. Finally, the depth of the remaining cancellous bone at the mid-patella was compared to the bone at the central ridge. Results The location of the central-patellar ridge deviated medially from the mid-patella in 46 samples with an average distance of 4.36 ± 1 mm. Only 4 samples deviated laterally. The mean patella length was 41.19 ± 4.73 mm, and the width was 42.8 ± 5.25 mm. After a transverse cut, the remaining cancellous bone was significantly thicker at the central ridge compared to the bone at the mid-patella. Conclusions Most of the central patellar ridge deviated medially, approximately 4 mm from the mid-patella. Harvesting the graft from the central ridge would have more remaining bone compared to the mid-patella.

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