Profile of Amblyopia and Outcome of Occlusion Therapy in Amblyopic Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu

Amblyopia is a common cause of visual impairment in children. The aim of this study was to assess the profile of amblyopia and the outcome of occlusion therapy in amblyopic children attending the eye department of a tertiary care hospital. This was a hospital based prospective interventional study. Sixty-five eyes of 47 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Occlusion therapy was started for the diagnosed amblyopic cases after refractive adaptation of 4 weeks. The mean age of presentation was 8.8 ±3.2 years. 29(61.7%) cases had unilateral amblyopia, 18(38.3%) cases had bilateral amblyopia. Ametropic amblyopia (52.3%) was the most common type of amblyopia followed by Anisometropia (23.1%). Refractive error was the most common cause of amblyopia with compound myopic astigmatism seen among 30.8% and hypermetropia among 29.2% of patients. There was no significant association between initial visual acuity with age of presentation and types of amblyopia respectively (P=0.1, P=0.5). The final visual outcome after therapy was better among patients with Ametropic amblyopia than other types (P=0.02). There was significant association between final visual outcome with age, initial visual acuity, type and severity of amblyopia respectively (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.02, P=0.02). In conclusion, Ametropia was the most common type of amblyopia. The mean age of presentation was 8.8 years, which was beyond the critical period affecting the outcome of treatment. Uncorrected refractive error was the most common amblyogenic factor. Age of presentation, types and severity of amblyopia are the important contributing factors for the outcome of occlusion therapy. Therefore, early detection and management of amblyopia is important to reduce visual impairment among children.

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Gender-wise Comparative Assessment of Lifestyle Patterns and Well-being Status among Healthcare Employees at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727578 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vanajakshamma Velam ◽

Vyshnavi Kancherla ◽

Latheef Kasala ◽

Anusha Kancherla ◽

Mounica Reddy Pillaram

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Female Employees ◽

The Mean ◽

Lifestyle Patterns ◽

Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background This study was an attempt to assess and compare the gender-wise lifestyle patterns and well-being status among the employees of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a tertiary care hospital between May and August 2019. A total of 777 employees belonging to both genders (male and female) and working at different professional levels were assessed. All the enrolled employees were subjected to a comprehensive study tool consisting of various dimensions of their health, which included physical, mental, social, spiritual and intellectual health dimensions. Results Among the participants, 327 (42.1%) were male and 450 (57.9%) were female. There was no significant difference in the mean age of male (37.91 ± 7.52) and female (36.85 ± 8.16) employees (p = 0.07). A significantly higher proportion of diabetes and hypertension were seen in male employees (9.8% and 14.4%, respectively) than in female (5.6% and 6.2% respectively). The overall well-being was better in male employees than in females and was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). We found that male employees had statistically significant better well-being in terms of physical, mental and social health whereas female employees had intellectual health. Conclusion The overall well-being in healthcare staff was good at our tertiary care hospital, and the outstanding/good well-being rate was higher in male employees than in female employees. Female employees experienced risks with regard to their physical health.

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Attitude and Practice of Contraception among Gynecologists at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of SAFOG with DVD ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1244 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 129-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sunita Hemani ◽

Premlata Mital

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Barrier Method ◽

Unintended Pregnancies ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Complete Knowledge ◽

The Mean ◽

Medical Healthcare

ABSTRACT Medical healthcare providers are an important link with the general public to impart knowledge regarding contraception. However, their own attitude and practice of contraception is often lacking. Objective This study was conducted to assess the attitude and practice of contraception over the last 5 years of the gynecologists themselves in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 125 female gynecologists in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur. All were given a questionnaire which was duly filled by them and data obtained was analyzed. Results All the doctors used some form of contraception. The mean age was 29.32 years. The commonest was the barrier method (38.4%) followed by OC pills (27.2%). Twenty-one percent of the barrier users used them occasionally. Emergency contraception was used by either those using natural methods of contraception or who were occasional users of OC pills or condoms. Fifty percent of the couples relying on natural methods conceived. Conclusion Gynecologists have complete knowledge regarding contraception, yet fail to use it regularly. Proper attitude and practice is essential to prevent unintended pregnancies. How to cite this article Hemani S, Hooja N, Mital P. Attitude and Practice of Contraception among Gynecologists at a Tertiary Care Hospital. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3): 129-131.

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First and second wave of COVID-19: A comparative study of tertiary care hospitalized patients in Jalgaon, Maharashtra

MedPulse International Journal of Medicine ◽

10.26611/10111931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Yogita G Bavaskar ◽

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical History ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

The Mean ◽

Collection Form ◽

Time Of Admission ◽

Second Wave

Background: Most of the countries including India have witnessed two or more waves of Covid 19 pandemic. The present study was conducted to compare the differences in clinico-demographic characteristics and outcomes of Covid 19 patients admitted in first and second wave of Covid 19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital at Jalgaon, Maharashtra. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care Dedicated Covid hospital for Covid 19 at Jalgaon, Maharashtra. All microbiologically proven corona positive patients were included in the study. The demographic records and clinical history was extracted from the case history sheets of the patients from first as well as second wave using standardized data collection form. Clinical outcome of the patients, i.e., development of complications, death or discharge was also recorded for each enrolled subject. Results: 3845 patients of Covid-19 admitted in the hospital during the first wave of epidemic and 2956 patients during second wave of the epidemic were included in the study. The mean age of patients admitted in the second wave was significantly lower as compared to first [48.77(15.31) years vs 50.23 (14.33) years, P<0.005]. There is increase in proportion of patients in the age group of < 15 years in second wave as compared to first wave (74/2956, 2.5% vs 52/3845, 1.3%). The number of patients requiring admission in ICU at the time of admission increased by 13% in second wave as compared to first wave. [827/2956 (28%) vs 577/3845(15%), P<0.0001]. More than half of the patients who got admitted for Covid 19 in first as well as second wave were having one or more comorbidities.But the proportion of the patients with previous co-morbities was significantly higher in second wave (1684/2956, 57% vs 1960/ 3845, 51%, P= 0.0004). The mortality was also higher in second wave (533/2956, 18.03% vs 541/3845, 14%, P=0.0004). Conclusions: The demographic, clinical characteristics and outcome of Covid 19 patients was different in first and second wave of pandemic with involvement of younger patients, increased rates of admission to ICU and more mortality in the second wave as compared to first wave of the pandemic.

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Experience of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies in a Tertiary Care Hospital: a Retrospective Study

Galician Medical Journal ◽

10.21802/gmj.2020.4.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. E202043

Author(s):

Aamir Hussain Hela ◽

Haseeb Mohammad Khandwaw ◽

Rahul Kumar ◽

Mir Adnan Samad

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Open Cholecystectomy ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Site Infection ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure of digestive tract. It has replaced open cholecystectomy as gold standard treatment for cholelithiasis and inflammation of gallbladder. It is estimated that approximately 90% of cholecystectomies in the United States are performed using a laparoscopic approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in context to its complications, morbidity and mortality in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1200 patients, who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies, during the period from January 2019 to December 2019, at Government Medical College Jammu J & K, India and necessary data was collected and reviewed. Results: In our study, a total of 1200 patients were studied including 216 males (18%) and 984 females (82%). The mean age of the patients was 43.35±8.61. The mean operative time in our study was 55.5±10.60 minutes with range of 45 – 90 minutes. Conversion rate was 2.6%. 2 patients were re-explored. Bile duct injury was found in 6 patients (0.5%). Conclusions: Gallstone disease is a global health problem. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now replaced open cholecystectomy as the first choice of treatment for gallstones. Gall stone diseases is most frequently encountered in female population. The risk factors for conversion to open cholecystectomy include male gender, previous abdominal surgery, acute cholecystitis, dense adhesions and fibrosis in Calot’ s triangle, anatomical variations, advanced age, comorbidity, obesity, suspicion of common bile duct stones, jaundice, and decreased surgeon experience. The incidence of surgical site infection has significantly decreased in laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to open cholecystectomy. In our study we could not find any case of surgical site infection.

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Visual Outcome of Ocular Trauma Presenting in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sahiwal

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v36i2.987 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Zeeshan Jamil ◽

Muhammad Luqman Ali Bahoo

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Visual Outcome ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Open Globe ◽

Patient Reported

Purpose: To find the visual outcome of ocular trauma presenting in a tertiary care hospital in Sahiwal. Study Design: Descriptive observational study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at District Headquarter Teaching Hospital affiliated with Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal from January 2016 to June 2019. Material and Methods: Four hundred and thirty five patients were included in the study by convenient sampling technique. Patient’s age, gender, occupation, activity at the time of injury, nature of object causing trauma, duration of trauma, visual acuity at the time when patient reported to hospital, the time delay before coming to the hospital were recorded. Ocular injuries were classified according to Birmingham ocular trauma terminology. Detailed ocular examination was performed. Patients were managed and post-management visual acuity at three months was recorded. Results: Mean age of patients was 29.07 ± 12.53 years. There were 219 (50.3%) closed globe and 216 (49.7%) open globe injuries. In 59 (13.6%) cases, cause of injury was metal object. In 146 (33.6%) cases injury was classified as contusion. In 164 (37.7%) cases cornea was involved. Majority of the patients were male. Eighty-seven patients presented within 1 day after trauma. In 154 (35.4%) patients, visual acuity at the time of presentation was 6/12 or better while in 171 (39.3%) cases it was less than 6/60. Chi-square test was used to calculate the difference between pre and post-management visual acuity. This difference was statistically significant with p-value less than 0.05 Conclusion: Ocular trauma cases, if properly and timely managed, have a statistically significant increase in visual acuity.

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Socio-demographic Characteristics of Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) patients attended at a tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jninb.v6i2.50766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 114-117

Author(s):

Shimul Akter ◽

Naznin Rashid Shewly ◽

Kashefa Khatun ◽

Rokshana Parvin Nupur ◽

Kamrun Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Medical College Hospital ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Vaginal Fistula ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

The Mean ◽

Vesico Vaginal Fistula

Background: Vesico-vaginal fistula can occur in different women with varied socio-economic condition. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the socio-demographic characteristics of vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2013 to December 2013 for a period of 6 months in the National Fistula Centre in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients who underwent surgical repair for iatrogenic VVF in National Fistula Centre of the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Patients who got themselves admitted to Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of DMCH with the complaints of fistula. The entire selected patients were interviewed for detailed socio-demographic characteristics. Result: A total number of 51 cases of VVF were recruited for this study. The mean age was 46.02 (±SD 6.104) years. Most of the respondents were illiterate (55.0%) and one-third patients had primary level education. The number of highly educated patients was scarce (12.0%). It was evident that average age at marriage of the patients was 15.8(±4.74) years. Some females were forced to accept marriage at the age of 10 years. The mean interval between initiation of menstruation and the marriage was only 4.72 years. Mothers were on an average 17.48 years old at the time of first delivery. Conclusion: In conclusion middle age illiterate women are most commonly suffering from VVF. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 114-117

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Discomforts in Critically ill Patients: Our Experience in Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46882.14586 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Reetu Verma ◽

Sasmita Panda ◽

Rajeev Kumar Nishad

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Nursing Care ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Common Cause

Introduction: Patients admitted in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) experiences various discomforts which may be recognised or unrecognised. These discomforts may arise from the environment, may be related to the ICU care and discomfort related to the health status of the patient and critical care interventions. Aim: To identify the various discomforts in ICU patients, to classify them with respective causes, identify the most common cause among them and whether ICU sedation helps in reducing discomforts. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted from 15th July to 15th October 2018 on 120 mixed ICU patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. Patients who were admitted to ICU for more than 24 hours, aged 18 years and above, those who gave written informed consent were observed and enquired for any discomfort. Discomforts have been identified and recorded by a fulltime intensivist by direct observation, by interacting with the patients and asking the family members and others (indirect approach). Through this study discomforts of critically ill patients were broadly classified into four categories 1. Due to existing illness, 2. Due to ICU interventions, 3. Due to improper nursing care and 4. Due to environmental factors. Results: Out of 120 patients studied, 84 patients (70%) reported some kind of discomfort during their ICU stay. Existing illness was the most common cause of discomfort, 80 patients (66.6%) suffered due to it. ICU interventions was the second most common cause, 71 patients (59.1%) had discomfort due to interventions. Thirty five patients (29.1%) suffered due to improper nursing care and 25 patients (20.8%) suffered due to the environmental factors. In this study, it was observed that sedation reduces all kind of discomforts. conclusion: In this study 70% of patients, who were admitted to ICU due to various illness reported some kind of discomfort. The most common cause of ICU discomforts was existing illness followed by ICU interventions. In this study it was observed that sedation reduces all kind of discomforts. Sedated patients tolerate the endotracheal tube better and they had less environmental and procedure related discomforts. With the present study observation it can be suggested that ICU charts of nurses and doctors can carry a separate column for mentioning discomforts in different duty shifts. However, with the use of appropriate analgesia and sedation discomfort can be reduced.

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Clinical and dermoscopic patterns of childhood alopecia areata in a tertiary care centre in North India

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20214206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 811

Author(s):

Pooja Bains ◽

Simplepreet Kaur

Keyword(s):

Alopecia Areata ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

North India ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Common Site ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Exclamation Mark ◽

Epidemiologic Profile ◽

The Mean

Background: To describe the clinico epidemiologic profile and dermoscopic findings in children with alopecia areata (AA) and correlate the dermoscopic findings with stage and severity.Methods: The present study was performed over a period of six months, from July 2020 to December 2020 in a tertiary care hospital where 50 clinically diagnosed children ≤15 years with AA were enrolled. A thorough clinical examination followed by dermoscopy was performed. The results were tabulated and then analyzed statistically.Results: The mean age of presentation was 9.74 years. The most common site involved was scalp and the most common dermoscopic findings were yellow dots (25/50, 50%), short vellus hair (22/50, 44%), black dots (21/50, 42%), exclamation mark hair (15/50, 30%) and broken hair (11/50, 22%).Conclusions: No significant associations was found between dermoscopic findings and severity or stage of childhood alopecia areata. There was a significant correlation of alopecia areata severity with nail findings in children with alopecia areata.

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To Determine the Frequency of Extent of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) with Troponin-I level >10 folds ULN in NSTEMI Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital

10.53350/pjmhs211592757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2757-2762

Author(s):

Vinesh Kumar ◽

Fawad Ali Siddiqui ◽

Kiran Irfan ◽

Muhammad Adeel Qamar ◽

Ghulam Jaffar Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Troponin I ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Vessel Disease ◽

The Mean ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Single Vessel Disease

Introduction: Higher levels of troponins >10 folds of upper normal limits (UNL) are considered as high-risk patients on coronary angiography sufferers having high levels of troponin-I (>10 folds upper limit normal level) had extra three-vessel coronary artery disease involvement. Objectives: To determine the frequency of degree of cardiovascular disease with Troponin-I level >10 folds ULN in NSTEMI patients at tertiary care hospital. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study comprising of a total 800 patients recruited from the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Coronary Disease, Karachi Pakistan based on Exclusion/Inclusion criteria. Results: There are 678 male as well as 122 female patients. The mean troponin-I level was 15.00±6.82 ng/ml. Single vessel disease found in 25.25% cases, two vessel diseases were observed in 37.75% cases, and three vessel diseases were observed in 20% cases. 83% were found with extent of CAD findings on angiography. There have been 678 male and also 122 female patients. The mean troponin-I level was 15.00±6.82 ng/ml. Single vessel disease found in 25.25% cases, two vessel diseases were observed in 37.75% cases, and three vessel diseases were observed in 20% cases. 83% were found with extent of CAD findings on angiography. Conclusion: The higher troponin level found significantly associated with extent of CAD and three vessel disease. To understand the cardiovascular troponin condition of the sufferer as soon as feasible is crucial. Keywords: Extent of Coronary Artery Disease, NSTEMI, Troponin-I Level >10 Folds ULN

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OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON POISON CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i4.27603 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

RAMYA A. ◽

ANDHUVAN G. ◽

RAGHUPATHI V.

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Observational Study ◽

Severity Score ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Common Type ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Care Hospital

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and cause of poisoning. To characterize the poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital; followed by the outcome and to observe the antidote given for the poison cases. Methods: This observational study was undertaken in emergency departments (EMD) and Medical Record Department (MRD). Totally 557 poison cases was recruited in this study. Grade of poison was assessed by using poison severity score. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 557 poison cases were identified in 2, 39, 828 patients out of which 360(64%) were suicidal and 189(34) cases admitted were accidental. The patients who were admitted between 2-5 h after exposed to poison were found to be more followed by 0-1 hr,>1-2 h,>6-24 h,>24 h and>5-6 h. More number of cases were seen in the others (Synthetic cow dung powder and medicine) type of poison 296(53%) followed by household poisoning 93(17%), bites 86 (15%), insecticide poisoning 64(12%) and food poisoning 16(3%). Activated charcoal was the maximum used antidote. Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that suicidal poisoning was the most common type.

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