Study on the lipid biosynthesis of twooleaginous yeast strains Rhodosporidium toruloidesVTCC 20689 and VTCC 20765

The yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is capable of lipid biosynthesis and accumulation up to more than 30% of dried cell biomass. It is a potential source for biodiesel production. Recent studies have shown that the applications of culture technologies can promote increased lipid accumulation in R. toruloides. In this study, the authors investigated the lipid biosynthesis ability of two yeast strains R. toruloides VTCC 20689 and VTCC 20765 isolated in Vietnam. The results indicated that both strains have the ability to accumulate lipids up to approximately 45% of the dried biomass of cells when cultured at 30oC for 48 h in the culture medium with pH 5.5. Cultivation of these two yeast strains on some different carbon sources showed that sugarcane molasses can be used as a low-cost carbon source for efficient lipid biosynthesis. When growing both strains on the medium with sugarcane molasses, the lipid biosynthesis reached about 44%, which is equivalent to in the medium with glucose.

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Renewable Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Yeast Biomass Using Industrial Wastes

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202014103010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 ◽

pp. 03010

Author(s):

Sasithorn Kongruang ◽

Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽

Malinee Sriariyanun

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Second Generation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Yeast Strains ◽

Fatty Acid Profiling ◽

Carbon Substrates

The accumulation lipid from oleaginous microorganisms is recognized as a second generation fuel. Biooil is known to as intracellular product of oily yeast utilizing various carbon substrates and converting different quantities of lipids in the form of triacylglycerols. This second generation fuel can be used to make biodiesel via a transesterification process. This study investigated the morphological characteristics of eight strains of Thai oleaginous yeasts via microscopy and analyzed the fatty acid profiling of yeasts cultured in three carbon sources: glucose, sugar cane molasses and crude glycerol in order to estimate biodiesel properties. To approach this goal, batch fermentations were used to culture eight yeast strains, Rhodosporidium toruloides TISTR 5123, TISTR 5154, TISTR 5149, Yarrowia lipolytica TISTR 5054, TISTR 5151, TISTR 5621, Rhodotorula glutinis TISTR 5159 and Rhodotorula graminis TISTR 5124 for 96 h under 30°C at 250 rpm. Result revealed that eight yeast strains contained significant amounts of fatty acids and lipids and accumulated mainly palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C 18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), and they are suitable for the production of biodiesel. Fatty acid productions and profiles indicated that these yeast strains can be potentially used as the triacylglycerols producers for biodiesel production.

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Isolation of estrogen-degrading bacteria from an activated sludge bioreactor treating swine waste, including a strain that converts estrone to β-estradiol

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w11-051 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 559-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Martine Isabelle ◽

Richard Villemur ◽

Pierre Juteau ◽

François Lépine

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Agar Medium ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Bacterial Consortium ◽

Swine Wastewater ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

17Β Estradiol ◽

Reducing Activity

An estrogen-degrading bacterial consortium from a swine wastewater biotreatment was enriched in the presence of low concentrations (1 mg/L) of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (βE2), and equol (EQO) as sole carbon sources. The consortium removed 99% ± 1% of these three estrogens in 48 h. Estrogen removal occurred even in the presence of an ammonia monooxygenase inhibitor, suggesting that nitrifiers are not involved. Five strains showing estrogen-metabolizing activity were isolated from the consortium on mineral agar medium with estrogens as sole carbon source. They are related to four genera ( Methylobacterium (strain MI6.1R), Ochrobactrum (strains MI6.1B and MI9.3), Pseudomonas (strain MI14.1), and Mycobacterium (strain MI21.2)) distributed among three classes (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria). Depending on the culture medium, strains MI6.1B, MI9.3, MI14.1, and MI21.2 partially transform βE2 into E1, whereas Methylobacterium sp. strain MI6.1R reduces E1 into βE2 under aerobic conditions, in contrast with the usually observed conversion of βE2 into E1. Since βE2 is a more potent endocrine disruptor than E1, it means that the presence of Methylobacterium sp. strain MI6.1R (or other bacteria with the same E1-reducing activity) in a treatment could transiently increase the estrogenicity of the effluent. MI6.1R can also reduce the ketone group of 16-ketoestradiol, a hydroxylated analog of E1. All βE2 and E1 transformation activities were constitutive, and many of them are favoured in a rich medium than a medium containing no other carbon source. None of the isolated strains could degrade EQO.

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Effects of Different Carbon Sources on Fumonisin Production and FUM Gene Expression by Fusarium proliferatum

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11050289 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 289 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Wu ◽

Taotao Li ◽

Liang Gong ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Yueming Jiang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Biological Effect ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Fusarium Proliferatum ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Banana Fruit ◽

Limited Information ◽

Future Work

Fusarium proliferatum can infect many crops and then produce fumonisins that are very harmful to humans and animals. Previous study indicates that carbon sources play important roles in regulating the fumonisin biosynthesis. Unfortunately, there is limited information on the effects of carbon starvation in comparison with the carbon sources present in the host of fumonisin production in F. proliferatum. Our results indicated that F. proliferatum cultivated in the Czapek’s broth (CB) medium in the absence of sucrose could greatly induce production of fumonisin, while an additional supplementation of sucrose to the culture medium significantly reduced the fumonisin production. Furthermore, cellulose and hemicellulose, and polysaccharide extracted from banana peel, which replaced sucrose as the carbon source, can reduce the production of fumonisin by F. proliferatum. Further work showed that these genes related to the synthesis of fumonisin, such as FUM1 and FUM8, were significantly up-regulated in the culture medium in the absence of sucrose. Consistent with fumonisin production, the expressions of FUM gene cluster and ZFR1 gene decreased after the addition of sucrose. Moreover, these genes were also significantly down-regulated in the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose or polysaccharide extracted from peel. Altogether, our results suggested that fumonisin production was regulated in F. proliferatum in response to different carbon source conditions, and this regulation might be mainly via the transcriptional level. Future work on these expressions of the fumonisin biosynthesis-related genes is needed to further clarify the response under different carbon conditions during the infection of F. proliferatum on banana fruit hosts. The findings in this study will provide a new clue regarding the biological effect of the fumonisin production in response to environmental stress.

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Cultivation of micro-algae for Production of Biodiesel: An optimized Process

Research in Biotechnology ◽

10.19071/rib.2016.v7.3037 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Abebe Girma Demissie ◽

Bhaskarrao Chinthapalli ◽

Shumet Tenaw ◽

D. S. Vijaya Chitra

Keyword(s):

Algal Biomass ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Potential Source ◽

Microalgae Biomass ◽

Basal Media

Microalgae are considered as one of the potential source of biodiesel for the future. The search to obtain the potential strains from the algal diversity capable of producing oil is critical for sustainable production of biodiesel. In the present study, microalgae biomass with oil/lipid accumulation capability and their morphological features was isolated from Lake Abaya and Chamo. The algal biomass was cultivated in vitro and media optimization for maximum biomass was done using different basal media, BG-11 medium, and Chu -10. In addition the various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, pH and temperature were considered in this study for optimization. Green algae Oedogonium, Chlorella and Cladophora species were observed to be dominant species and the maximum oil per dry algal biomass was found to be from Oedogonium sp. Thus from the present study for the cultivation of the selected algae, BG-11 medium supplemented with tryptone (0.2%) sucrose (2%) and pH- 6 with incubation temperature of 300C was found to be suitable. These results suggest that Oedogonium sp. has several desirable features that make it a potential candidate for biodiesel production.

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Effect of Carbon Sources and Fe3+ on the Growth and Lipid Accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 under Mixotrophic Culture Condition

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.157 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1070-1072 ◽

pp. 157-163

Author(s):

Hao Miao Jiangwang ◽

Li Huang ◽

Xu Ya Yu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Culture Condition ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Sodium Acetate ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Lipid Productivity ◽

Mixotrophic Culture ◽

Final Cell Density

Effects of different carbon source and Fe3+ for the growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 cultured mixotrophically was studied in our present work. The final cell density was reached to 2.626 g L-1 when glucose was the only carbon source, which is 1.43-fold to sodium acetate (1.834 g L-1), far higher than sucrose (0.251 g L-1) and xylitol (0.471 g L-1), but barely grow in other culture condition. Additionally, the highest algae lipid productivity (77.45 mg L-1 d-1) was obtained in 10 g L-1 glucose group, which indicated that glucose was the optimal carbon source for growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10. Nevertheless, Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 was grew slowly in BG-11 culture medium with the absence of Fe3+. The biomass was achieved at the top with 50μM Fe3+ added. With the increase of Fe3+ concentration, it showed no variation in the growth of microalgae. The highest biomass productivity (209.87 mg L-1 d-1) was reached when the Fe3+ concentration was at 150μM while highest lipid productivity (94.05 mg L-1 d-1) reached at 50μM, which indicated that Fe3+ was one of the most indispensable trace elements for the growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10.

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Evaluation of the effects of sugarcane molasses as a carbon source for Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae)

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.216820 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 594-600

Author(s):

L. H. Sipaúba-Tavares ◽

M. G. Tedesque ◽

B. Scardoeli-Truzzi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Cell Density ◽

Culture Medium ◽

High Cell Density ◽

Culture Media ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Sugarcane Molasses ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Microalgae Culture ◽

Alternative Carbon Source

Abstract Two species of Chlorophyceae, Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Haemotococcus pluvialis, were used to compare and evaluate the effect of sugarcane molasses as a carbon source. Highest cell density in the two microalgae culture media was obtained in commercial culture media (CHU12 and WC). During exponential growth (day 1 to day 10), high cell density in H. pluvialis was detected for E. crassipes culture medium ranging between 0.4 x 105 cells mL-1 and 1.7 x 105 cells mL-1. Culture media were fundamental for growth under mixotrophic cultivation. Sugarcane molasses showed different results for the two microalgae with regard to growth performance, lipid and protein levels. Rates were high for H. pluvialis except lipid at the end of the experiment. In fact, A. gracilis presented almost double the lipid levels. Sugarcane molasses may be an alternative carbon source in laboratory conditions.

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Production of laccases, cellulases and xylanases of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in liquid-state fermentation

Mexican Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.29267/mxjb.2017.2.2.169 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 169-176

Author(s):

Edna María Hernández-Domínguez ◽

Carmen Sánchez ◽

Gerardo Díaz-Godínez

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Liquid State ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

The Third

In this study, activities of laccases, xylanases and cellulases produced by Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid-state fermentation were evaluated. Three fermentations were done by triplicate where the carbon source was changed, one was made with glucose, in another was used carboxymethylcellulose and xylan and in the third the three carbon sources were added, in all cases, copper was added as inducer of laccases. The kinetic parameters of growth of the fungus were obtained. It was observed that this fungus produced the three enzymes evaluated; laccases showed the highest values (34,240 U/L) in the culture medium with glucose as sole carbon source. Cellulases showed their highest activity in the culture medium with xylan and carboxymethylcellulose (12,858 U/L) and xylanases in medium with glucose, carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan (27,153 U/L). Up to 4 isoform of laccases, 2 of xylanase and 2 of cellulases were observed by zymography.

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Optimising Nutrients in the Culture Medium of Rhodosporidium Toruloides Enhances Lipids Production

10.21203/rs.3.rs-864628/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zi Ye ◽

Tongrui Sun ◽

Huoye Hao ◽

Yanling He ◽

Xueyan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Rhodosporidium Toruloides ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

High Yield ◽

Lipids Production

Abstract Rhodosporidium toruloides is a useful oleaginous yeast, but lipids production is affected by various factors including nutrients in the culture medium. Herein, the R-ZL2 high-yield mutant strain was used to investigate the effects of different carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, xylose), nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate), and C/N ratio on lipids production capacity, get the following conclusion (1) Compared with glucose and xylose, sucrose was a superior carbon source for lipids production; (2) When using ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source, a C/N ratio of 200:1 achieved the highest biomass, lipids production and lipids content (10.7 g/L, 6.32 g/L and 59%, respectively), and lipids produced under different C/N conditions have potential for biodiesel production (except for C/N = 40 and C/N = 80); (3) When using ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source, a C/N ratio of 200:1 achieved the highest biomass, lipids production and lipids content (12.1 g/L, 8.25 g/L and 65%, respectively), and lipids produced under different C/N ratio conditions have potential for biodiesel production. Thus, a combination of sucrose and ammonium nitrate was optimal for the lipid accumulation in R-ZL2. The findings will lay a foundation for further improving lipids yields.

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Optimising nutrients in the culture medium of Rhodosporidium toruloides enhances lipids production

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-021-01313-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zi Ye ◽

Tongrui Sun ◽

Huoye Hao ◽

Yanling He ◽

Xueyan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Rhodosporidium Toruloides ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

High Yield ◽

Lipids Production

AbstractRhodosporidium toruloides is a useful oleaginous yeast, but lipids production is affected by various factors including nutrients in the culture medium. Herein, the R-ZL2 high-yield mutant strain was used to investigate the effects of different carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, xylose), nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate), and C/N ratio on lipids production capacity, get the following conclusion (1) Compared with glucose and xylose, sucrose was a superior carbon source for lipids production; (2) When using ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source, a C/N ratio of 200:1 achieved the highest biomass, lipids production and lipids content (10.7 g/L, 6.32 g/L and 59%, respectively), and lipids produced under different C/N conditions have potential for biodiesel production (except for C/N = 40 and C/N = 80); (3) When using ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source, a C/N ratio of 200:1 achieved the highest biomass, lipids production and lipids content (12.1 g/L, 8.25 g/L and 65%, respectively), and lipids produced under different C/N ratio conditions have potential for biodiesel production. Thus, a combination of sucrose and ammonium nitrate was optimal for the lipid accumulation in R-ZL2. The findings will lay a foundation for further improving lipids yields.

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Produksi Asam Laktat oleh Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus dengan Sumber Karbon Tetes Tebu

Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.17969/jtipi.v9i1.5903 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Laita Nurjannah ◽

Suryani Suryani ◽

Suminar Setiati Achmadi ◽

Azmi Azhari

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Carbon Source ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽

Food Material ◽

Cell Biomass ◽

Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp

Senyawa asam laktat sangat dibutuhkan di dunia industri. Namun produksi dengan menggunakan mikrob masih menggunakan bahan pangan sebagai substratnya. Alternatif substrat untuk produksi asam laktat sebagai pengganti penggunaan bahan pangan sangat diperlukan industri. Tetes tebu merupakan salah satu substrat yang kaya akan sumber karbon yang dapat digunakan sebagai komponen media pertumbuhan bakteri. Ketersediaannya melimpah dan harganya murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah tetes tebu dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber karbon bakteri Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus untuk menghasilkan asam laktat. Langkah penelitian ini meliputi hidrolisis dan detoksifikasi tetes tebu, uji kualitatif gula pereduksi tetes tebu, analisis gula total dengan metode fenol sulfat, penentuan kurva pertumbuhan bakteri, produksi dan ekstraksi asam laktat, serta analisis kualitatif asam laktat dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tetes tebu dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber karbon. Hal ini terbukti bakteri dapat tumbuh dengan baik ketika media diberi 0.5% tetes tebu. Konsentrasi gula total tetes tebu adalah 1090 g/L. Uji gula pereduksi menunjukkan hasil yang positif untuk uji Selliwanof, uji Benedict, dan uji Barfoed. Pertumbuhan optimum L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus terjadi pada suhu 42°C dengan agitasi 150 rpm. Produksi asam laktat dilakukan selama 24 jam. Kadar asam laktat yang dihasilkan sebesar 2.80% dengan biomassa sel kering sebesar 0.002 g/L dan pH media fermentasi sebesar 4.0. Hasil analisis kualitatif kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi juga menunjukkan bahwa produk dari hasil fermentasi adalah asam laktat.Abstract. Lactic acid is needed as an industrial feed. However, by using a microbial production still uses food material as a substrate. Alternative substrates for the production of lactic acid is needed in industry. Molasses are potential substrates due to the richness in carbon. Molasses also widely available and low-cost material. The objective of the research is molasses can be used as a carbon source needed by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus to produce lactic acid. This study consisted of hydrolysis and detoxification of molasses, analysis qualitative test of reducing sugar from molasses, analysis of total sugar by phenol sulfuric acid, determination of bacterial growth, production and extraction of lactic acid, and analysis of lactic acid using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that molasses can be used as an alternative carbon source as indicated by growth of bacteria when the media were given 0.5% molasses. Concentration of total sugar molasses was 1090 g/L. The reducing sugar test showed positive results for the Selliwanoff, Benedict, and Barfoed tests. The optimum of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus growth was at temperature of 42° C and 150 rpm of agitation. Production of lactic acid was conducted in 24 hours. The result of lactic acid from the production was 2.80%. The dry cell biomass was 0.002 g/ L at pH of fermentation media was 4.0. Analysis HPLC also showed that lactic acid was the product of fermentation.

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