scholarly journals Threat Perception and National Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Shrivastav
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Threat Perception

Why Talk Tough? Explaining Japanese Prime Ministers’ Proactiveness in National Defense Rhetoric

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Liu
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
National Defense ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
External Threat

Abstract What explains variations in the proactiveness of Japanese Prime Ministers (PMs) toward national defense? Although the Japanese Constitution renounces the use of force, leaders sometimes speak assertively over national security. Drawing on competing international relations and Japanese foreign policy theories, this study seeks to quantitatively model and analyze predictors of political rhetoric in PMs’ speeches and statements from 2009 to 2019. Each statement is coded into four sets of binary dependent variables through content analysis and tested against five competing hypotheses. The main finding reveals that leaders become more likely to advocate for specifically assertive national security policy when Chinese vessel intrusion increases, but not when North Korea missile tests and aircraft scrambles increase. Instead of a diversionary use of words, an emboldening effect is evident in rhetoric that evokes responsibility in international defense, moderated by ruling government strength. The findings advance academic understandings of Japanese national security policy messaging and highlight the effect of external threat perception on political rhetoric.

Challenging Hegemony, Competing for the Truth

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Richard Togman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Black Panthers ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Development Agencies ◽  
Alternative Theories

Chapter 6 focuses on the rebirth of the Malthusian concept of overpopulation and the translation of fears over hunger, poverty, and environmental destruction to the problem of population. Moreover, delving into how alternative theories arose to challenge the dominant modernization discourse championed by national security and development agencies of Western states, this chapter explores the subjugated discourses espoused by actors including the nascent environmental movement, the Soviet Union, the Vatican, and the Black Panthers. This chapter shows how it is the subjective threat perception, married to the dominant discursive frame the actor adopts, that results in the creation of natalist attitudes and policy. Significantly, the wishes of individuals themselves are systematically ignored when actors come to narrate the meaning of fertility for the collective, which due to the very conceptualization of the problem at hand most often results in the failure of policy to have the desired effects.

Securitization and Lithuania’s National Security Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
Ieva Karpavičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
The Military

Abstract The paper addresses the security threat perception and securitization of existential threats in Lithuania. It focuses upon the securitization theory and its ability to explain the change of national security agendas as affected by the changes in national identity and existential security threats. It takes into account the internal and external factors that are shaping the objective and subjective national threat perception. The paper applies O. Waever’s securitization theory with an aim to explain how the national security threats are being addressed and perceived in Lithuania. Moreover, the paper is developed against the backdrop of the most recent developments in securitization theory and evolution of its theoretical perceptions of identity, existential threats, and legitimacy. It also discusses the possibility of inclusion of hybrid security threats into an analysis of securitization. The empirical part of the article assesses the most recent security challenges, provides evaluation of changes in national security perception, and portrays the dynamics of national security threats as defined in the National Security Strategies and the Military Doctrine. The paper focuses upon the most recent dynamics in security policy of Lithuania. It also takes into account the hybrid nature of security threats and the reaction to hybrid security elements such as: cyber security, information security, and international terrorism.

scholarly journals Islam in the Balance

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Amr G.E. Sabet
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
National Security ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Political Ideologies

This concise and important book deals with the dimensional change in internationalconflicts and security pertaining to the power of ideas: Do ideas and/or political ideologies threaten the security of regimes and states in ways thatdiffer from those conventionally attributed to the mere balance of militarypower? By studying the role of religious or transnational ideology in the MiddleEast in particular, the study aims to advance an understanding of “how,why, and when ideology affects threat perception and state policy” (p. vii) viatwo aspects, one related to ideational threat perception and the other toideational balancing. Together they provide an analytical framework for understandingstrategic interaction as an “ideational security dilemma” (p. vii)with a specific focus on how Egypt and Saudi Arabia have responded to threatperceptions emanating both from the rise and the activities of Iran and Sudan.These four dyads attempt to examine changes in threat perceptions before andafter Islamists came to power in the latter two countries (p. 4). The idea behind this dyadic approach is to show how threat perceptionsto national security are not altered due to increased hard power capabilities,but rather due to soft power projections. Rubin makes the interesting pointthat Egypt and Saudi Arabia felt more threatened by a militarily weak Sudanas well as a militarily degraded post-revolutionary Iran far more than theydid during the time of the militarily powerful Shah (pp. 2-3). Much of thishas to do with the point that it is not mere ideology or ideas that pose a threatto national security, but rather that they become so in their “projected” form(p. 4).The following six chapters elaborate on this simple and straightforward,yet highly significant and relevant, proposition. In the introductory chapter,Rubin develops his framework of analysis (the “ideational securitydilemma”) and makes it clear that one of the study’s main purposes is “totake ideology seriously.” This is done within the realist framework that acceptsthe centrality of the state, as well as that of neo-classical realism (p.124) which focuses on the foreign policy emanating from domestic culturaland perceptual variables (p. 18). The study refocuses attention on ideationalprojections that resonate with a foreign domestic audience and that may consequentlybring about a transnational response, thereby exacerbating internalsocietal unrest ...

scholarly journals Psychosocial Response to National Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
International Relation ◽  
Social Science ◽  
National Security ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Military Psychology ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
To Receive

National security is perhaps one of the key areas of research which receives continuous attention from the scholars of strategic studies, military science, and of course some of the disciplines of social science such as political science and international relation. One way of pursuing interest in national security is to delve the threat perception which emanates from across the border and is likely to influence socio-political sphere of the nation. On the other hand, the diversity in the socio-cultural landscape of the nation characterized by ethnicity and linguistic based sub-national identities is equally important so far as enriching one’s knowledge base in the domain of internal security is concerned. Within the realm of psychology, military psychology is possibly one sub-discipline which tries to address this gap. However, psychology is yet to receive a space in the intellectual terrain of studies on national security.

scholarly journals The Shaping of Threat Through Narration

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
Carl Ciovacco
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
The Impact

Threat is a problematic term since it is both objective and subjective in nature. It is in one sense objective, especially in a national security perspective of capability to inflict harm, but it is also highly subjective in how it is discussed and perceived. More often than not, the very interpretation of the threat, influenced by threat narratives, dictates the reality of the threat. Through the iterative process of narration and the inherent subjectivity that narration introduces, a threat perception generally evolves in a direction away from objectivity. The nature of threat narration is based on a two-part process of story-telling by influencers and interpretation by an audience. Simply put, threat comes to life and is molded into a comprehensible construct through threat narratives. This animation of the threat is precisely where it is both simplified into digestible pieces while at the same time careening away from an objective threat truth. Reconciling the impact of threat perception and its detriment to threat truth is the focus of this article.

scholarly journals Rental Policy of Military Combat Equipment for National Defense: A Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aris Sarjito ◽  
Suyono Thamrin ◽  
Herlina J. R. Saragih
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Policy Theory ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Combat

Aims: The purpose of this research is to analyze the rental policy of military combat equipment for national defense. Study Design: This study is descriptive and employed qualitative approaches. Methodology: This study uses a qualitative analysis approach that aims to analyze the policy of renting combat equipment for the military, using rental theory as an analytical tool supported by policy theory, national defense, threat perception, and national security. Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia in September – October 2020. Results: The results of this study are: (1) Indonesia has a firm stance on China's claims in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to defend its sovereignty in the Natuna Sea; (2) Indonesia's national security is related to how to maintain Indonesia's territorial sovereignty as a whole as a nation. The responsible institution is the TNI; (3) the basis of national defense is the Indonesian National Army which is developed as a defense asset that is professionally trained and equipped with modern technology; and (4) the policy of renting combat equipment to strengthen the military presence in Natuna is a step that must be seriously considered. There are many advantages to renting rather than buying: renters don't pay for repairs, renters get nice stuff too expensive for owners, renters don't tie up their money, renters have more bargaining power at work, renters have more flexibility in recessions, and renting can be good for the economy and the climate.

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