scholarly journals The prospects of finding new treatments for acne

Author(s):  
A. V. Kryzhanovska ◽  
I. Y. Sidko ◽  
V. M. Shkarupa ◽  
A. O. Dudar ◽  
S. M. Gorbatyuk

An important role in the development of acne is played by the activity of the skin microflora (namely the bacteria Propionibacterum acnes) and members of the genus Staphylococcus. In the schemes of complex treatment of patients with this disease, antibiotics from among macrolides or lincosamides are mainly used. It is of interest to study the current state of susceptibility of staphylococci and propionic bacteria to these drugs, as well as to other antimicrobial agents in order to determine the prospects for expanding the arsenal of methods for treating acne. The aim of the study was to study the susceptibility of microorganisms involved in the development of acne to antimicrobials and antagonistic effects of probiotic strains of lactobacilli. We conducted a bacteriological study of the content of rash elements in 60 patients with acne. The biological characteristics of 40 strains of Staphylococcus spp. and 15 strains of Propionibacterum acnes isolated and researched. The sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics and antiseptics was determined by the disco-diffusion method and the method of serial double dilutions of drugs in a liquid nutrient medium. Determination of the sensitivity of acne pathogens to the antagonistic effect of lactobacilli was performed by the method of two-layer agar by reducing the number of microorganisms. The results of the study made it possible to establish that the isolated strains of bacteria show a low level of sensitivity to antimicrobials, which in medical practice are most often used for topical therapy of acne. Only 17.5 % of isolated staphylococcal strains were sensitive to erythromycin, only 45.0 % of strains of this species were sensitive to clindamycin. Strains of Propionibacterum acnes showed a higher level of sensitivity to antibiotics than staphylococci. However, the established indicators do not allow to consider highly effective means for treatment of acne on their basis. At the same time, a high level of sensitivity of acne pathogens to antiseptic drugs decamethoxine and Aeroplysinin 1 and antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus was established. Thus, the strains of Propionibacterum acnes and Staphylococcus spp., involved in the development of acne, are characterized by high levels of resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, benzoyl peroxide, which are now the basis of the arsenal of topical therapy for patients with this disease. There is a need to find new effective drugs for the etiotropic therapy of acne.

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ◽  
Michelle Dias Hornes da Rosa ◽  
Cleomar da Silva ◽  
Francisco Denis Souza Santos ◽  
Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite

ABSTRACT: The genus Staphylococcus comprises some of the most important pathogenic bacteria for both humans and animals. It is responsible for bovine mastitis and canine otitis, besides being present in the microbiota of animals and as a contaminant in food. Its pathogenesis is related to the formation of capsule and biofilm, which contribute to its infectivity. The objective of this study was to observe the production of slime layer and formation of biofilm, which are related to the resistance to antimicrobial agents and presence of icaA and icaD genes, in 41 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from different origins, provided by the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD). Strains of Staphylococcus spp. were cultivated in Congo red agar for capsule detection. Biofilm formation was detected using the 96-well microplate testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the plate diffusion method. Part of the analyzed samples produced slime layer (36.6%) and formed biofilm (17.1%). However, six of those that formed biofilms were susceptible to the eight antibiotics tested in the antibiogram. In tests to determine the minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations, gentamicin resistance of biofilm-forming strains was greater than that of non-forming strains. Ampicillin was the least effective antimicrobial drug (51%), followed by tetracycline (71%), neomycin (73%), and erythromycin (73%). Some isolates presented the icaA (6) and icaD (11) genes. Therefore, we suggested that the origin of an isolate can determine its expression of virulence factor and resistance to certain antibiotics.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Mittal ◽  
Pooja Singla ◽  
Antariksha Deep ◽  
Kiran Bala ◽  
Rama Sikka ◽  
...  

Aims. This study was aimed at knowing the prevalence of vancomycin and high level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococcal strains among clinical samples.Study Design. It was an investigational study.Place and Duration of Study. It was conducted on 100Enterococcusisolates, in the Department of Microbiology, Pt. BDS PGIMS, Rohtak, over a period of six months from July to December 2014.Methodology. Clinical specimens including urine, pus, blood, semen, vaginal swab, and throat swab were processed andEnterococcusisolates were identified by standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of enterococci was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results. High level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) was more common in urine samples (41.5%) followed by blood (36%) samples. High level streptomycin resistance (HLSR) was more common in pus samples (52.6%) followed by blood samples (36%). Resistance to vancomycin was maximum in blood isolates.Conclusion. Enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents have been recognized. Thus, it is crucial for laboratories to provide accurate antimicrobial resistance patterns for enterococci so that effective therapy and infection control measures can be initiated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
D. P. Gladin ◽  
A. R. Khairullina ◽  
A. M. Korolyuk ◽  
N. S. Kozlova ◽  
O. V. Ananyeva ◽  
...  

Background. Staphylocci are the leading pus-forming Gram-positive bacteria in the childrens hospitals. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant strains among them limits therapeutic effects of infections in children. Aim. The research is aimed at characterizing the species of staphylococcus, which are isolated from the different clinical specimens of the patients at the clinics of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University in 2019, and analysis of their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Materials and metods. According to the clinical recommendations of 2018, susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) was revealed in 860 strains of staphylococci determined by the disc diffusion method, which were identified by the automated analyser Vitek-2 compact. Results. Six species of staphylococci were represented at the hospital departments, among which Staphylococcus epidermidis prevailed in the departments of the neonate pathology department and intensive care units (63.0% and 46.2% respectively), Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found at the departments of surgery and the departments of the therapeutic profiles (61.7% and 46.2% respectively). More than a half of the staphylococci strains (63.0%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin and line solid showed the highest activity to these staphylococci. High specific weight of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria (37.8%) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the phenotype (33.0%) was revealed. The level of antibiotic resistant strains was the highest in Staphylococcus haemolyticus (98.1%) and S. epidermidis (82.0%), while the specific weight of the resistant ones, MDR and XDR strains was extremely low among S. aureus (16.2%, 1.5% and 0.4 respectively), as well as in methicillin-resistant isolates (0.8%). Conclusions. A great variety of antibiotic resistance was revealed among the staphylococci. The prevalence of these strains in the pediatric hospitals requires constant local monitoring of the antibiotic resistant staphylococci.


2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Mihajlovic-Ukropina ◽  
Deana Medic ◽  
Zora Jelesic ◽  
Vera Gusman ◽  
Biljana Milosavljevic

Introduction. Enterococci are important hospital-acquired pathogens. The most commonly isolated species of the genus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the third to fourth-most prevalent nosocomial pathogens worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of resistance to vancomycin and other antimicrobial agents of Enterococcus spp strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients. Material and methods. During the three-year period, from 2008 to 2010, 132 strains of Enterococcus spp isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients were tested for their susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamycin (high-level resistance), erythromycin, chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin by disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Susceptibility of vancomycin resistant E. faecium to the same antibiotics and to linezolid, quinopristin/dalfopristin and tigecyclin was determined using VITEK system. Results and discussion. Resistance to vancomycin was detected in 21 (15.9%) Enterococcus spp strains. The percentage of resistance to other antimicrobial agents varied from 23.1% for chloramphenicol to 81.3% for ciproflxacin. All vancomycin resistant enterococci were identified as E. faecium and belonged to phenotype VanA. The resistance to other antibiotics was very high, except for linezolid and quinopristin/dalfopristin (4.7%). The high-level aminoglycoside resistance was 87.6% for gentamycin and 95.2% for streptomycin. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, teicoplanin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion. The detected high frequency of multidrug-resistant isolates among vancomycin resistant enterococci is of great importance and suggests the need for further monitoring of susceptibility in order to take adequate measures to prevent and control spreading of resistant strains.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Kaplerienė ◽  
Agnė Kirkliauskienė ◽  
Olga Purakevič ◽  
Halina Gluchovienė

The main problem of dairy farms is mastitis – inflammation of the mammary gland. Resistance of bacteria causing latent mastitis to antibiotics is increasing every year. Bacteria that have resistance genes to antibiotics are transmitted from one animal to another and through food chains or direct contacts from animals to humans. Latent mastitis is 15–40 times more frequent than clinical mastitis, which is more difficult to detect and is the major source of pathogens for the whole herd of cattle. The aim of this study was to isolate bacteria which cause mastitis from cow milk and determine their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Milk samples from two dairy farms (farm A and farm B) in Anykščiai District were taken in July 2018. Microbiological assays were performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University. In total, 36 cows were tested. Using common methods of cultivation and identification tests, strains of Streptococcus spp., coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were identified. Susceptibility of all isolated strains to neomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, kanamycin, clindamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, rifampin, cefoxitin and oxacillin was performed using the disc diffusion method according to the guidelines of the Clinical Labaratory Standards Institute. It was concluded that the most frequent agent of mastitis was Staphylococcus spp. Also, a high level of resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline in S. aureus strains was determined. All isolated bacteria were susceptible to neomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, clindamycin, gentamycin, rifampin, cefoxitin and oxacillin.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
N. Semaniuk ◽  
V. Semaniuk ◽  
M. Kukhtyn

The dental plaque may be defined as a biotope of the oral cavity, where the microflora exists in two versions: parietal and cavitary (planktonic). It represents a biofilm in which associations of microorganisms are gathered in microcolonies which are surrounded by a protective matrix and are attached to a biotic or abiotic surface. The water channels go through the biofilm and carry nutrients and products of microorganisms' vital functions are washed away by the flow of saliva. Microorganisms in a biofilm demonstrate high resistance to antimicrobial agents because of the fact that substances only with low molecular weight are allowed to pass through. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the resistance of planktonic and biofilm microflora isolated out of the dental plaque of dogs with chronic catarrhal gingivitis to antibiotics. Research materials include the washings out of the teeth selected by a sterile cotton swab, which was put into a 1cm3 test tube of the sterile solution with 0.5% mass fraction of sodium chloride. Primary sowings of the material for the detection of Micrococcus and Staphylococcus were carried out on MPA containing 7% sodium chloride and 5% of the blood of cattle, Streptococcus – on the Garro environment, Enterococcus – on Enterococagar, Corynebacterium – on MPA with 5% of the blood of cattle, Acinetobacter – on the King B environment for not fermented microorganisms and was grown at 37°C, Pseudomonas spp. – on the environment which contains 0.2% of N-cetylperdine chloride, E. coli – on the Endo environment. Identification of the selected microorganisms was carried out due to the determinant of bacteria Berge. Sensitivity of the selected microorganisms to antibiotics was researched by the Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Method, and its sensitivity to microorganisms in the biofilm by Stewart P.S. It was found that among the planktonic forms of the dental plaque microorganisms were sensitive to ampicillin + sulbactam – 91.0, enrofloxacin – 82.0, tylosin – 83.3, ceftiofur – 79.3, vancomycin – 75.2, gentamicin and doxycycline – 66.2, cefazolin – 64.6, ceftriaxone – 64.0, oxacillin – 63.5 and cefuroxime – 60.0% of cultures.Oxacillin, tylosin, cefazolin and enrofloxacin are recommended to reduce the risk of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in case of the detection of Staphylococcus spp. in dental plaques, ampicillin + sulbactam, ceftiofur – in case of the detection of Corynebacterium spp., cefuroxime and ceftriaxone in case of the detection of Streptococcus spp., gentamicin – Micrococcus spp., vancomycin – Enterococcus spp. and doxycycline – in case of the detection of Acinetobacter spp. in dental plaques.


Pharmacology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
E. Kavitha ◽  
R. Srikumar

Background: Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is very common among health care workers, and treatment with mupirocin is one of the choicest antibiotics available. But with the rampant usage of mupirocin like other antibiotics, the emergence of mupirocin resistance is also on rise. This resistance is both low level as well as high level among the isolated strains. Aim: To screen for the high-level mupirocin resistance among the isolated Staphylococcus strains by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 clinical isolates were tested for high level mupirocin resistance by disk diffusion method using Himedia disks. Results: Among the 200 nasal swabs, 26 (13%) showed growth of S. aureus, whereas 174 (87%) showed the growth of coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) spp. Mupirocin resistance was observed only among CONS spp, which was 15% for low-level mupirocin and 8% for high-level mupirocin resistance. No mupirocin resistance was observed among the Staphylococcus spp. Conclusion: The identification of Mupirocin resistance will guide us to utilize the antibiotic in a judicious way to treat the nasal carriage effectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Aidin Azizpour ◽  
Ciamak Ghazaei

Introduction: Colibacillosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases of birds that is caused by Escherichia coli. This disease causes considerable economic damage to the poultry industry every year. Various antimicrobial agents are used to reduce the damage caused by this infection. But in recent decades, the increased use of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant genes and, consequently increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria, leading to a decrease in the efficacy of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility and drug resistance of 178 isolates of 40 chicken flocks in Ardabil province northwest of Iran. Methods: Five carcasses were randomly selected from each flocks with colibacillosis and sampled from liver and heart using sterile swabs. After culture and isolation, colonies were identified by biochemical and serological methods. Antibiotic resistance of all isolates to 19 antibiotics was determined using disk diffusion method based on CLSI guidelines. Results: Of 200 samples, 178 (89%) were isolated, and 22 (11%) did not grow. In this study the highest antibiotic resistance was observed against flumequine (98.31%), nalidixic acid (97.25%), tylosin (97.20%), oxytetracycline (97.20%), chlortetracycline (95.50%), difloxacin (89.32%), doxycycline (81.47%), enrofloxacin (77.53%), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (71.91%), and the lowest antibiotic resistance was recorded for Linco-Spectin (36.52%), chloramphenicol (22.47%), gentamycin (7.30%), fuzbac (5.05%) and ceftriaxone (3.93%). All isolates were highly sensitive to ceftazidime. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high level of resistance to antibiotics commonly used in poultry industry, which is probably due to improper use of antibiotics in poultries.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
O.A. Nazarchuk ◽  
A.I. Starodub ◽  
O.V. Rymsha ◽  
V.A. Starodub ◽  
S.A. Kolodii

The study of the etiological structure, the properties of pathogens of the respiratory infectious diseases in children and their resistance to antibacterial agents is particularly relevant in modern conditions, expands the search for new approaches to combating pathogens, improves the results of treatment and reduces the mortality of this pathology. The aim — study of etiological structure, sensitivity to antibiotics and antiseptics of pathogens of infectious and inflammatory diseases of respiratory organs in children. In the study there were enrolled 247 patients who were treated in Vinnytsia Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital (VRCCH) in 2016. The sensitivity of microorganisms to 23 antibacterial agents was determined by the disc-diffusion method according to the generally accepted method. The analysis of the antimicrobial activity of antiseptic drugs (decamethoxine, miramistin, chlorhexidine digluconate) was performed by a double serial dilution technique with the determination of the minimum inhibitory bacteriostatic (MIC) and bactericidal (MBcC) concentrations, by the method of successive serial dilutions of the drug in a liquid nutrient medium. In patients who were in inpatient treatment at the VRCCH in 2016 because of pneumonia there were found opportunistic microorganisms which were of etiological significance in the development of the infection. Among them there were Streptococci (47,3 %), Staphylococci (15,3 %), Candida (13,3 %), Enterococci (10,9 %), including a high proportion of owned non-fermenting gram negative bacilli (9,8%) and species of Enterobacteria (2,0 %). Isolated strains of microorganisms had moderate resistance to most modern antibiotic drugs. The sensitivity of isolated strains of microorganisms to reserved antibiotics as carbapenems, often being used in the treatment of critical states of patients in the intensive care units, was found to above 18,2%. The sensitivity to this antibiotic in Enterococcus spp. (7,1 %), Staphylococcus spp. (5,9 %) was also low. Carbapenems, fluoroquinolones (the 1st and 2nd generations), antibiotics and aminoglycosides were found to be effective against gram positive microorganisms in more then 45% of cases. According to this they were considered to be as drugs of choice in the treatment of infectious and purulent-inflammatory pathology of respiratory organs, caused metitcilin- and vancomycin-resistant strains of microorganisms. Resistance to these drugs among investigated strains did not exceed 9,0 %. The high bactericidal properties of antiseptics as decamethoxine was determined against S.pyogenes, Staphylococcus spp. Its MBcC against these bacteria (1,65±0,20 mkg/ml and 4,32±0,50 mkg/ml, respectively) proved the advantage of decamethoxine’s effectiveness in comparison with chlorhexidine digluconate 3,14 times, 2,44 times miramistin. Clinical strains of C.albicans showed the highest susceptibility to decamethoxine, which fungicidal activity was determined in the presence (16,17±2,33 mkg/ml), in comparison with chlorxedine (MFtsK 27,59±3,59 mg/ml) and miramistin activity (27,59±3,595 mkg/ml). In children with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs gram-positive cocci are among the predominant pathogens (73,5 %) of cases, in the association allocated – 8,0 % of pathogens. Allocated strains of microorganisms were moderately resistant to all antibiotics studied. For antimicrobial activity antiseptic drugs, especially decamethoxine, have advantages over antibiotics confirming the possibility of their use in combination with systemic antibacterials.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document