The impact of urban sprawl in sub urban area of Rajshahi: A study in Kashiadanga area

Urbanization is an undeniable phenomenon that happens globally, including in Indonesia. Indonesian cities are growing, causing urban sprawl and transformation of rural areas into urban areas. In between the urban and rural there is peri-urban area that has unique mixed characteristics of both. Areas with such characteristics can be found easily in the outskirts of Bandung city. The growth of peri-urban areas in Bandung occurs simultaneously with the growing tourism industries. This phenomenon caused a spatial transformation especially to the existing houses, which gives impacts to the livability of the area. This article would focus upon how housing transformation in peri-urban areas can affect the livability of the area by using the North Bandung peri-urban area as a case study. The result shows that the spatial transformation that happens in peri-urban areas gives positive impacts to social, economy, and spatial aspects, but unfortunately not the environmental aspects.

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REDUCING THE ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD OF THE URBAN AREA DUE TO MINIMIZING THE IMPACT OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT

World of transport and technological machines ◽

10.33979/2073-7432-2020-70-3-97-106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

S.N. GLAGOLEV ◽

◽

A.G. SHEVTSOVA ◽

V.V. VASILEVA ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Freight Transport ◽

Environmental Load ◽

The Impact

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Postharvest Burning of Crop Residues in Home Stoves in a Rural Site of Daejeon, Korea: Its Impact to Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosol

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 257

Author(s):

Jin Sang Jung ◽

Ji Hwan Kang

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Rural Area ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽

Rural Site ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

High Concentration ◽

Crop Residue Burning ◽

The Impact

To investigate the impact of burning postharvest crop residues in home stoves, PM2.5 samples (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm) were collected every 3 h at a rural site in Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season in 2014. A high concentration of levoglucosan was observed with a peak value of 3.8 µg/m3 during the sampling period. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.18) at the rural site during a severe BB episode (levoglucosan > 1 μg/m3) was similar to burnings of pepper stems (0.19) and bean stems (0.18) whereas the average OC/levoglucosan ratio (9.9) was similar to burning of pepper stems (10.0), implying that the severe BB episode was mainly attributed to burning of pepper stems. A very strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and organic carbon (OC) (R2 = 0.81) during the entire sampling period, suggesting that the emission of organic aerosols at the rural site was strongly associated with the burning of crop residues in home stoves. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.17 ± 0.06) in the rural area was similar to that in a nearby urban area in Daejeon (0.16 ± 0.04). It was concluded that crop residue burning in a home stove for space heating is one of the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols not only in a rural area but also in the urban area of Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season.

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The Influence of Urban Sprawl on Air Pollution and the Mediating Effect of Vehicle Ownership

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9081261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1261

Author(s):

Aiping Tao ◽

Qun Liang ◽

Peng Kuai ◽

Tao Ding

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Urban Sprawl ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Vehicle Ownership ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Effect Model ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

The Impact

Based on the panel data of 224 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this paper empirically studies the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution and introduces a mediating effect model to test the mediating role of vehicle ownership concerning the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution. The research in this paper arrives at three conclusions. First, urban sprawl has a significant positive effect on air pollution, and this conclusion is still valid after solving the endogeneity problem and conducting a robustness test. Second, the results of mediating effect test show that urban sprawl indirectly affects air pollution through the partial mediating effect of vehicle ownership. By removing the mediating effect, urban sprawl has a significant negative impact on air pollution, indicating that the mediating effect of vehicle ownership is higher concerning the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution. Third, further panel quantile regression results show that the higher the level of air pollution, the weaker the mediating effect of vehicle ownership and the stronger the direct effect of urban sprawl on air pollution. These conclusions can provide some empirical support for solving the air pollution problems caused by urban sprawl in China.

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Transformative Urban Changes of Beijing in the Decade of the 2000s

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12040652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 652

Author(s):

Alessandro Sorichetta ◽

Son V. Nghiem ◽

Marco Masetti ◽

Catherine Linard ◽

Andreas Richter

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rapid Economic Growth ◽

Time Period ◽

Development Policies ◽

Decadal Trend ◽

Scanning Imaging ◽

Seawinds Scatterometer ◽

The Impact ◽

Dense Sampling

The rapid economic growth, the exodus from rural to urban areas, and the associated extreme urban development that occurred in China in the decade of the 2000s have severely impacted the environment in Beijing, its vicinity, and beyond. This article presents an innovative approach for assessing mega-urban changes and their impact on the environment based on the use of decadal QuikSCAT (QSCAT) satellite data, acquired globally by the SeaWinds scatterometer over that period. The Dense Sampling Method (DSM) is applied to QSCAT data to obtain reliable annual infrastructure-based urban observations at a posting of ~1 km. The DSM-QSCAT data, along with different DSM-based change indices, were used to delineate the extent of the Beijing infrastructure-based urban area in each year between 2000 and 2009, and assess its development over time, enabling a physical quantification of its urbanization which reflects the implementation of various development policies during the same time period. Eventually, as a proxy for the impact of Beijing urbanization on the environment, the decadal trend of its infrastructure-based urbanization is compared with that of the corresponding tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column densities as observed from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) instrument aboard the second European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS-2) between 2000 and 2002, and from the SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY aboard of the ESA’s ENVIronmental SATellite (SCIAMACHY /ENVISAT) between 2003 and 2009. Results reveal a threefold increase of the yearly tropospheric NO2 column density within the Beijing infrastructure-based urban area extent in 2009, which had quadrupled since 2000.

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Absorption coefficient of urban aerosol in Nanjing, west Yangtze River Delta, China

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-15-13633-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (23) ◽

pp. 13633-13646 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

B. L. Zhuang ◽

T. J. Wang ◽

J. Liu ◽

Y. Ma ◽

C. Q. Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Urban Area ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Yangtze River Delta ◽

River Delta ◽

Near Surface ◽

Absorbing Aerosols ◽

The Impact ◽

532 Nm

Abstract. Absorbing aerosols can significantly modulate short-wave solar radiation in the atmosphere, affecting regional and global climate. The aerosol absorption coefficient (AAC) is an indicator that assesses the impact of absorbing aerosols on radiative forcing. In this study, the near-surface AAC and absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) in the urban area of Nanjing, China, are characterized on the basis of measurements in 2012 and 2013 using the seven-channel Aethalometer (model AE-31, Magee Scientific, USA). The AAC is estimated with direct and indirect corrections, which result in consistent temporal variations and magnitudes of AAC at 532 nm. The mean AAC at 532 nm is about 43.23 ± 28.13 M m−1 in the urban area of Nanjing, which is much lower than that in Pearl River Delta and the same as in rural areas (Lin'an) in Yangtze River Delta. The AAC in the urban area of Nanjing shows strong seasonality (diurnal variations); it is high in cold seasons (at rush hour) and low in summer (in the afternoon). It also shows synoptic and quasi-2-week cycles in response to weather systems. Its frequency distribution follows a typical log-normal pattern. The 532 nm AAC ranging from 15 to 65 M m−1 dominates, accounting for more than 72 % of the total data samples in the entire study period. Frequent high pollution episodes, such as those observed in June 2012 and in winter 2013, greatly enhanced AAC and altered its temporal variations and frequency distributions. These episodes are mostly due to local emissions and regional pollution. Air masses flowing from northern China to Nanjing can sometimes be highly polluted and lead to high AAC at the site. AAE at 660/470 nm from the Schmid correction (Schmid et al., 2006) is about 1.56, which might be more reasonable than from the Weingartner correction (Weingartner et al., 2003). Low AAEs mainly occur in summer, likely due to high relative humidity (RH) in the season. AAC increases with increasing AAE at a fixed aerosol loading. The RH–AAC relationship is more complex. Overall, AAC peaks at RH values of around 40 % (1.3 < AAE < 1.6), 65 % (AAE < 1.3 and AAE > 1.6), and 80 % (1.3 < AAE < 1.6).

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Methylmercury Exposure and Developmental Outcomes in Tohoku Study of Child Development at 18 Months of Age

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics6030049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nozomi Tatsuta ◽

Kunihiko Nakai ◽

Mineshi Sakamoto ◽

Katsuyuki Murata ◽

Hiroshi Satoh

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Urban Area ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Psychomotor Development ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Risks And Benefits ◽

Methylmercury Exposure ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Impact

Seafood is an important component in a healthy diet and may contain methylmercury or other contaminants. It is important to recognize the risks and benefits of consuming seafood. A longitudinal prospective birth cohort study has been conducted to clarify the effects of neurotoxicants on child development—the Tohoku Study of Child Development (TSCD) in Japan. TSCD comprises two cohorts; a polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) cohort (urban area) and a methylmercury cohort (coastal area). Our previous results from the coastal area showed prenatal methylmercury exposure affected psychomotor development in 18-month-olds, and boys appear to be more vulnerable to the exposure than girls. In this report, we have added the urban area cohort and we reanalyzed the impact of prenatal exposure to methylmercury, which gave the same results as before. These findings suggest prenatal exposure to low levels methylmercury may have adverse effects on child development, especially in boys.

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Sustainable Site System

10.32920/ryerson.14657196.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jorden J. S. Lefler

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Heat Island ◽

Rating Systems ◽

Island Effect ◽

Key Points ◽

Site Design ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This thesis discusses a method of analysing the input of interventions in a building's site design, all of which affect the heat island effect, bio-diversity and hydrology of urban areas. Existing standards from Toronto, Vancouver and Berlin have been researched and analysed. This paper presents an evolution of a method called biotope area factor used in Berlin, Germany. A synthesis of the approach of all three systems was considered and distilled into the key points which were then incorporated into the proposed method. In addition to the impact of an individual building, it also includes the impact from the adjacent street area. The final components of this thesis are the application of the method developed to an urban area in the city of Toronto and results showing the impacts on architectural design from site rating systems.

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The impact of migrant workers' remittances on the living standards of families in Morocco: A propensity score matching approach

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v12i1.253 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 13-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jamal Bouoiyour ◽

Amal Miftah

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Propensity Score Matching ◽

Urban Area ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Living Standards ◽

Household Expenditure ◽

Relative Poverty ◽

Percentage Points ◽

The Impact

This article attempts to assess empirically the impact of remittances on household expenditure and relative poverty in Morocco. We apply propensity score matching methods to the 2006/2007 Moroccan Living Standards Measurement Survey. We find that migrants’ remittances can improve living standards among Moroccan households and affect negatively the incidence of poverty. The results show a statistically significant and positive impact of hose remittances on recipient households’ expenditures. They are also significantly associated with a decline in the probability of being in poverty for rural households; it decreases by 11.3 percentage points. In comparison, this probability decreases by 3 points in urban area.

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