scholarly journals KEY ASPECTS OF USING NUMERICAL METHODS IN THE MECHANISM OF INVESTMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamaili Akram
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Probabilistic Values ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Key Aspects

In today's realities of investment activities, small and medium enterprises are faced with the dilemma of choosing areas of investment of monetary and non-monetary resources. Determining the feasibility of a particular investment is based on the use of appropriate mathematical apparatus and economic-mathematical models. The article considers some of the most important aspects of the use of numerical methods in the mechanism of investment of small and medium enterprises, developed on the basis of research on the development of such economic entities. The logical basis of the proposed methods is a proven division of the term of operation of enterprises into several stages of the life cycle, which differ significantly in the characteristics of incoming and outgoing cash flows. It is proposed to determine the absolute expediency of founding small and medium enterprises by calculating the probabilistic values of profitability of the enterprise based on the calculation of the area of geometric shapes limited by the functions of income and expenses during all stages of the life cycle. It is proved that such calculations are expedient by calculating the indefinite integral and applying the Newton-Leibniz formula.With regard to the functions that characterize the income and expenses of small and medium enterprises throughout their existence, the article proves that the most optimal in this case is the use of production functions. Among the whole set of existing production functions, we have identified the most optimal for the task Cobb-Douglas production function, CES production function, Linear production function, Leontief production function, adapted to the conditions of the microlevel. To calculate the elementary areas limited by the corresponding production functions, the article examines the relevant existing methods. Studies have been conducted on the possibility of using to calculate the areas limited by the production functions of income and expenses of small and medium enterprises during each stage of the life cycle, the methods of rectangles, trapezoids and parabolas. It is determined that they have limited conditions for use due to the need to divide the time period of operation of enterprises at intervals that do not coincide with the stages of the life cycle. Therefore, studies were continued, as a result of which it was proved that the most optimal method of calculating the elementary areas limited by the target functions of income and expenditure of small and medium enterprises is the Gaussian method with different variations.

scholarly journals Global Warming Impacts Study of Tofu Products in Mampang Prapatan Small and Medium Enterprises with Life Cycle Assessment Methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu Sukmana ◽  
Isti Surjandari ◽  
Muryanto . ◽  
Arief A. R. Setiawan ◽  
Edi Iswanto Wiloso
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Firstly global warming issue caused by greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) which comes from human activities. Along with increasing of daily need, that humans of activities food produce is also increase, include of tofu. Tofu is a traditional Indonesian specialty made from soybeans and used as a side dish. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of global warming from tofu products on Mampang Prapatan's Small Tofu and Medium Enterprises. The method used in this study is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with the help of Simapro 8.4 software with a 1 kg tofu functional unit. The data collected in this study is the average data of tofu production for 3 months, namely January - March 2018. The LCA data in this study include the process of soybean cultivation, transportation processes for shipping soybeans, water, fuel wood, and electricity use. The limitations of this study are from cradle (soybean cultivation) to gate (tofu products).The results showed that UKM Mampang Prapatan has the potential impact of global warming with a value of 3.84 kg CO2-eq, while the value of global warming in the production process knows the scenario of wastewater treatment and the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as fuel for boiling pulp 4.49 kg CO2-eq soybeans. Based on the results of this study, greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions are issued; the intervention that can be done is to optimize the use of raw materials for production to reduce the impact of CO2-eq kg global warming.

scholarly journals Sistem Informasi Geografis Penyebaran Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kabupaten Majalengka

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Muhammad Darul Husni Santoso ◽  
Ikbal Jamaludin ◽  
Evi Dewi Sri mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
System Development ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Medium Enterprises

<p class="Abstrak">Kabupaten Majalengka merupakan wilayah yang mengalami perkembangan pesat yang memiliki sumber daya alam yang beraneka ragam yang dapat diolah menjadi bentuk berbagai produk. Dengan berkembangnya Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kabupaten Majalengka dapat menggerakan perekonomian masyarakat, khususnya di sektor bawah, yaitu untuk usaha mikro kecil menengah. Pada saat ini, di Kabupaten Majalengka belum memiliki sistem yang mampu memberikan informasi yang ditampilkan secara spasial mengenai persebaran lokasi UMKM, dimana nantinya sistem ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi yang dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan yang tepat dalam menentukan kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kabupaten Majalengka, seperti pengadaan pelatihan usaha, pemberian modal usaha dan lain sebagainya. Maka dari itu untuk membantu mengawasi pertumbuhan UMKM tersebut, diperlukan adanya sebuah sistem yang berbasis geografis yang dapat memberikan informasi lokasi  pertumbuhan UMKM secara spasial bagi Dinas terkait, yang direpresentasikan dengan sistem koordinat ditunjukan melalui penyimpanan titik <em>longitude</em> <em>(long)</em> dan <em>latitude</em> <em>(lat) </em> dalam <em>database </em>pada setiap lokasinya sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam menentukan kebijakan Pemerintah di Kabupaten Majalengka. Pada penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan dalam pembangunan sistem ini menggunakan <em>System Development Life Cycle (SDLC</em>)<em>, </em>sistem ini akan dirancang dengan berbasis Web Geographic Information System (<em>WebGIS</em>) yang  menggunakan fasilitas dari Google Maps dan sistem ini diuji dengan menggunakan metode <em>blackbox. </em>Dengan dibangunnya sistem ini, maka informasi mengenai titik lokasi serta data UMKM yang sesuai dengan kegiatan usahanya dapat ditampilkan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa sistem informasi geografis, dimana sistem ini dapat memberikan informasi kepada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM di Kabupaten Majalengka mengenai informasi lokasi penyebaran UMKM secara spasial yang dapat membantu dalam pengelolaan dan pengawasan terhadap pertumbuhan usaha berdasarkan lokasi dan jenis UMKM tersebut<em>.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Majalengka Regency is a region that is experiencing rapid development that has diverse natural resources that can be processed into various forms of products. With the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Majalengka Regency, it can move the community's economy, especially in the lower sector, namely for micro small and medium businesses. At present, Majalengka Regency does not yet have a system capable of providing information that is displayed spatially about the distribution of MSME locations, where later this system aims to provide information that can be used as appropriate consideration in determining policies relating to the growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises ( MSMEs) in Majalengka Regency, such as procurement of business training, provision of venture capital and so on. Therefore to help oversee the growth of MSMEs, a geographic based system is needed that can provide spatial information on MSME growth locations for the relevant Dinas, represented by a coordinate system shown through storing longitude and latitude points at each location as a basis for consideration in determining Government policy in Majalengka Regency. In this study, the method used in the construction of this system uses the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), this system will be designed with a Web-based Geographic Information System (WebGIS) that uses facilities from Google Maps and the system is tested using the blackbox method. With the construction of this system, information about the location points as well as MSME data in accordance with their business activities can be displayed. The results of this study are in the form of a geographic information system, in which this system can provide information to the Cooperative and MSME Service Offices in Majalengka Regency regarding spatial information on MSME distribution locations that can assist in the management and supervision of business growth based on the location and type of MSME.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

The role of R&D investments and export on SMEs’ growth: a domain ambidexterity perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1883-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Battaglia ◽  
Paolo Neirotti ◽  
Emilio Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Organizational Maturity ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Technology Industries

PurposeInternational sales are critical for the prosperity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), because of the limited size of their domestic market, but they can be difficult to attain for a number of reasons. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this topic and use a domain ambidexterity framework to analyze why the relationship between research and development (R&D) investments and export initiatives generates managerial tensions in high- and medium-technology industries. In this paper, it is claimed that R&D investments and internationalization can be conflicting objectives that entail a diversity of routines and managerial approaches. This aspect is critical, especially when SMEs are in the early stages of their life cycle and are resource constrained.Design/methodology/approachThis issue is tested using multiple regressions on data collected through a survey that was conducted in 2014. The sample is composed of 221 SMEs operating in Italy in high-and medium-technology industries.FindingsThe estimates show that combining contemporary high R&D investments and high export activities negatively affects the growth of revenues of SMEs. In detail, when exports over revenue are below 10 percent, R&D investments have a positive effect on revenue growth, whereas when exports over revenue are above 50 percent, the effect of R&D investments on revenue growth is negative. However, age acts as a moderator on this relationship, thus implying that the effect of combining these initiatives varies according to the life cycle of a firm. In particular, combining R&D investments and export generates tensions that limit the growth of revenues in young SMEs (less than ten years old). For firms aged between 10 and 25 years, the effect is positive, while the effect is positive but not statistically significant for mature firms (older than 25 years). These results demonstrate that the diversity of the organizational maturity in SMEs has an impact on their ability to combine activities that require different capabilities (technological vs market).Originality/valueThis paper offers a theoretical contribution to the literature on domain ambidexterity, as it shows that combining contemporary innovation-related activities with international activities may constrain the performance of SMEs, according to the age of the firm. It extends the theoretical framework of domain ambidexterity to international studies and it reconciles previous mixed evidence about the combination of innovation and internationalization activities of SMEs.

scholarly journals Design of a Model for Risk Reduction in Project Management in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Anna Nagyová ◽  
Hana Pačaiová ◽  
Štefan Markulik ◽  
Renáta Turisová ◽  
Róbert Kozel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Management Standard ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mathematical Evaluation ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

In general, it can be said that a project is a means of change so that the organization or individual obtain something they do not currently have, and which, in some respects, can ensure its functioning within the system in society, in the market, etc. Organizations often use different tools and techniques in project implementation to help manage projects. The selection of the optimal method requires a thorough systematic analysis. The chosen method must cover the requirements of project management with regard to its size and nature. One such tool is the ISO 21500 Guidance on project management standard, which defines the basic processes and documents needed for project management. The aim of this article is to propose a model through which it would be possible to effectively manage projects in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), i.e., where generally available international methodologies for project management are not introduced. The proposed model (referred to as Model B) was verified on projects in different SMEs in Slovakia. Mathematical evaluation presented in the paper as well as the knowledge and experience from this verification were summarized and the proposed Model B was modified (referred to as SMEPM: small and medium enterprises project management) so that it can be used in the implementation of other projects in the conditions of SMEs.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAN IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN BERBASIS WEB PADA UKM TIARA CAKERY BATAM

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
okta veza
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Data Flow Diagram ◽  
Software Development Life Cycle ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This study aims to help Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) Tiara Cakery Batam tosell products online. The object of this research is creating a website to make it easier forcustomers purchase products without visiting the sales location directly. This online salesapplication provides good service for customers so that they can see the pictures and prices ofproducts directly through this application and can order these products from anywhere. Thedesign of this application uses the SDLC method (software development life cycle), described byDFD (Data flow diagram), PHP as a programming language, MySQL as a database, andMacromedia Dreamweaver as an HTML editor. This research is expected to be developed in theAndroid version.

scholarly journals The Role of Trade Credit in Activities of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
E.A. Panova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Accounts Payable ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Return On Sales

Trade credit has a special meaning for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). When they act as a supplier, it allows them to increase sales and cash flows, and helps establish and maintain permanent relationships with clients. Deferred payment provision is a tool for non-price competition, giving a client time to make sure of product quality. Trade credit as a financial source is an important alternative to bank lending. The article is devoted to studying the determinants of accounts payable in Russian industrial SMEs.It is based on the financial indicators calculated using the SMEs’ accounting statements for the period 2010–2018, published by Rosstat. The statistical data analysis has led to the conclusion that accounts payable are the main borrowed financial source for Russian industrial SMEs. The results of the regression analysis demonstrate a direct dependence of the accounts payable amount on sales growth and a reverse dependence of the former on the liquidity both in small and medium enterprises. Small businesses are also characterized by a negative relationship between return on sales and the accounts payable amount.

Mudharabah Linked Waqf: Inovasi Model Pembiayaan Berkelanjutan untuk UMKM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Rifaldi - Majid
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This study aims to formulate an innovative financing model and sustainable business assistance through the mudharabah linked waqf scheme. The method used is descriptive qualitative in the form of reviewing scientific journals, books, official news, reports and related regulations which are analyzed by content analysis. Mudharabah linked waqf is an innovation and integration of financing to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) where the composition of the source of funds comes from commercial funds and cash waqf funds managed by Koperasi Syirkah Berkah Bersama (KSBB) through a collaboration with Indonesian Muslim Entrepreneurs Community (KPMI) chapter Surabaya. Funds will be channeled to low-risk MSME projects recommended by KPMI Surabaya with a duration of fewer than six months. The surplus of cash waqf will be distributed to social, education, economy, and da’wah activities in the form of sustainable business development and fiqh muamalah assistance by KPMI Surabaya, and the rest distributed as an incentive to reduce Murabaha margins for startups. Risk mitigation is carried out through collateral requirements, guarantor, incentive-compatible contract applications to determine cash flows and related parties in the project, as well as post-project financial audits. This model has implications for strengthening the roles of KSBB and KPMI Surabaya in encouraging literacy, inclusion, and innovation in deepening sustainable Islamic financial products, in order to strengthen the economy of ummah in the real sector

scholarly journals Advanced System of SME Financing in Market Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (s1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Jerzy Różański
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Optimal Configuration ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Advanced System ◽  
Sme Financing

Abstract Increasing competitiveness of small and medium enterprises, especially in the situation of growing economic globalization in the member countries of European Union and internationalization of activity of such enterprises, requires overcoming numerous obstacles the enterprises have to face. One of the most substantial of them is deficiency of means for the enterprises’ growth, particularly the means earmarked for innovative activity. This is mainly the consequence of lack of knowledge about how the enterprises could gain financial means from the alternative financing sources. This hinders establishing the optimal configuration of financing for an enterprise. Consequently, the purpose of the paper to improve enterprises’ access to external capital so as to be able to carry out the investments oriented towards strengthening of the enterprises and launching innovative products and services. The main result of research (sample of Polish SME) is preparing of advanced system of financing including alternative forms of financing of SME on each stages of their life cycle, connected with multicriteria forms of their assessment.

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