scholarly journals BIOREMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Z. Uridia ◽  
N. A. Kavtaradze ◽  
K. N. Kochiashvili ◽  
M. A. Stephanishvili ◽  
I. I. Mikadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Modified Forms ◽  
Selection Of

Waste generated due to the growth of the modern industry is undergoing natural disposal in the environment for a long period of time. A special danger is caused by heavy metals that do not undergo biodegradation. Known purification methods of soils are not always effective and profitable. Correct selection of soil remediation methods contaminated with heavy metals ensures effective cleaning and restoration of soils. For this purpose, selecting representatives of various taxonomic groups of microorganisms binding heavy metals in the soil is carrying out. A complex method of purification of soils contaminated with have metals is being developed. Modified forms of humic acids were developed, geochemical barriers using local clays were created. Works to biostimulate local microorganisms required for bioremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals are conducted. Remediation and increasing the fertility of soils contaminated with heavy metals are necessary for the prevention of further penetration of these metals into agricultural crops.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES OF PURIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN SOILS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(41)) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
N. A. Kavtaradze ◽  
K. N. Kochiashvili ◽  
M. A. Stephanishvili ◽  
T. A. Dgebuadze ◽  
M. Z. Japaridze
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rational Model ◽  
Geochemical Barriers ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modified Forms ◽  
Stimulation Of

Methods of neutralisation of different types of soils contaminated with heavy metals are studied. Certain strains of microorganisms have been selected, local microflora has been studied and identified at the genus level in laboratory conditions. Considering the conducted works, development of modified forms of humic acids, stimulation of local microorganisms and creation of geochemical barriers using local natural raw materials is recomended. Obtained results makes possible to develop comprehensive and rational model by means of inovative technologies for effective purification of soils contaminated with heavy metals.

The main principles and results of pollution monitoring of sediments in the river basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
B. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Selection Of

The problems of modern geological ecology associated with the study of pollution of sediments of water bodies by heavy metals are considered. The Volga River basin is quite heterogeneous, both in geomorphological and hydrological terms, and in thechnogenical development and usage. A fourrank taxonomy is presented for the selection of sites for monitoring, based on a combination of natural, landscape, climatic and thechnogenical factors. To the largest – the highest taxon – sites of the Ist category – bowls of reservoirs with the slopes and the urban zones, industrial and agricultural structures located within them are carried. Within these areas are allocated to smaller taxa, areas category IInd are the industrial and urban zones, areas category IIIrd are the small rivers without significant contamination and areas category IVth to conduct special observations. The examples of special observations in the study of the annual migration of heavy metals in the system «bottom sediments – water column» on the Ivankovo reservoir are highlighted. The investigations were carried out under the conditions of the standard flow rate for this reservoir and in the conditions of slow water exchange.

The Long Road to Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Good News ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Selection Of

This book examines the idea of sustainable development, made up of economic, social, and environmental parts over the period of human history. This work suggests humanity has been unsustainable in all three areas for most of its history, although in the last few hundred years the scale of unsustainability has increased, while, simultaneously, answers have started to emerge. This conclusion can be seen in two parts, namely the economic and social sides of sustainable development and then the environmental ones. This work suggests that, with the correct selection of tools, solid and positive foundations for the economic and social sides of sustainable development is possible as the world globalizes. This is not, however, a foregone conclusion. Despite a number of recent positive indicators in this area, there are still very large unanswered questions with existing mechanisms and other gaps in the international architecture which, if not fixed, could quickly make problems of economic and social sustainability worse, not better. With the third leg of sustainable development, that for the environment, the optimism is not as strong. The good news is that science, laws, and policies have evolved and expanded to the level that, in theory, there is no environmental problem which cannot be solved. In many areas, especially in the developed world, success is already easy to measure. Where it is not easy to measure, and pessimism creeps in, is in the developing world, which is now inheriting a scale and mixture of environmental difficulties which are simply unprecedented.

scholarly journals Simulation Verification of the Contact Parameter Influence on the Forces’ Course of Cereal Grain Impact against a Stiff Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Kęska ◽  
Jacek Marcinkiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Gierz ◽  
Żaneta Staszak ◽  
Jarosław Selech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Contact Parameter ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The continuous development of computer technology has made it applicable in many scientific fields, including research into a wide range of processes in agricultural machines. It allows the simulation of very complex physical phenomena, including grain motion. A recently discovered discrete element method (DEM) is used for this purpose. It involves direct integration of equations of grain system motion under the action of various forces, the most important of which are contact forces. The method’s accuracy depends mainly on precisely developed mathematical models of contacts. The creation of such models requires empirical validation, an experiment that investigates the course of contact forces at the moment of the impact of the grains. To achieve this, specialised test stations equipped with force and speed sensors were developed. The correct selection of testing equipment and interpretation of results play a decisive role in this type of research. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the force sensor dynamic properties’ influence on the measurement accuracy of the course of the plant grain impact forces against a stiff surface. The issue was examined using the computer simulation method. A proprietary computer software with the main calculation module and data input procedures, which presents results in a graphic form, was used for calculations. From the simulation, graphs of the contact force and force signal from the sensor were obtained. This helped to clearly indicate the essence of the correct selection of parameters used in the tests of sensors, which should be characterised by high resonance frequency.

scholarly journals Procedure for the Selection of Rubber Compound in Rubber-Metal Springs for Vibration Isolation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Milan Banić ◽  
Dušan Stamenković ◽  
Aleksandar Miltenović ◽  
Dragan Jovanović ◽  
Milan Tica
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Virtual Experiment ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Railway Engineering ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of a rubber compound has a determining influence on the final characteristics of rubber-metal springs. Therefore, the correct selection of a rubber compound is a key factor for development of rubber-metal vibration isolation springs with required characteristics. The procedure for the selection of the rubber compound for vibration isolation of rubber-metal springs has been proposed, so that the rubber-metal elements have the necessary characteristics, especially in terms of deflection. The procedure is based on numerical simulation of spring deflection with Bergström-Boyce constitutive model in virtual experiment, with a goal to determine which parameters of the constitutive model will lead to spring required deflection. The procedure was verified by case study defined to select rubber compound for a rubber–metal spring used in railway engineering.

Blood Circulation in Insect Wings

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 98-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insect Wings ◽  
Wing Structure ◽  
Wing Veins ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Modified Forms ◽  
Surrounding Membrane

Despite their inert appearance, the wings of insects are living appendages and are supplied with blood. This is true for definitive wings as well as for developing ones, and for modified wings such as tegmina, elytra, hemelytra, and halteres as for those that are specialized for flight. Typically the blood circulates only through the wing veins, but in some insects it escapes into the surrounding membrane in certain areas, and in highly modified forms it may be entirely unconfined. The course of circulation is basically the same in the wings of most insects. It flows outward from the body in the costo-medial veins, moves toward the posterior margins via cross-veins, and returns to the body through the cubito-anal veins and axillary cord. However, rhe precise route followed is highly variable concomitant with distinctive patterns of venation in different taxonomic groups and with wing structure. This is illustrated for a number of orders.

Generalization with Precision: The Role of Negative Teaching Examples in the Instruction of Generalized Grocery Item Selection

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Horner ◽  
Richard W. Albin ◽  
Ginevera Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Correct Rejection ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Selection Of

For generalization to be functional, it must occur with a precision that results in acquired responses occurring under appropriate, nontrained conditions, and acquired responses not occurring under inappropriate, nontrained conditions. This study examines the effect of differing types of negative teaching examples on the precision with which generalized grocery item selection is learned. Within a split-multiple baseline design, six young adults identified as mildly, moderately, or severely mentally retarded were trained to select or to reject grocery items using picture cards as cues. The dependent variables were correct selection of 10 trained “positive” grocery items and the correct rejection of 20 nontrained “negative” grocery items in a nontrained grocery store. Participants were trained in a grocery store to select 10 positive grocery examples matching their picture cards and to reject either (a) a set of negative examples that were maximally different from the positive examples, or (b) a set of negative examples that were minimally different from the positive examples. Both training sets resulted in participants correctly selecting the 10 positive items in a nontrained store. Training with the “minimally different” negative examples was functionally related to improved rejection of nontrained negative items in the nontrained store. The implications of teaching with minimally different, negative examples are discussed.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of dental restorative materials: relative contribution of laboratory tests

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Wang ◽  
Paulo Henrique Perlatti D'Alpino ◽  
Lawrence Gonzaga Lopes ◽  
José Carlos Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Dental Restorative Materials ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Dental Restorative ◽  
Selection Of

A wide variety of dental products that are launched on the market becomes the correct selection of these materials a difficult task. Although the mechanical properties do not necessarily represent their actual clinical performance, they are used to guide the effects of changes in their composition or processing on these properties. Also, these tests might help somehow the clinician to choose once comparisons between former formulations and new ones, as well as, with the leading brand, are highlighted by manufactures. This paper presents a review of the most important laboratory tests. In this manner, the knowledge of these tests will provide a critical opinion related to the properties of different dental materials.

Modern nanobiotechnologies for efficient detection and remediation of mercury

Sensor Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulayam Singh Gaur ◽  
Rajni Yadav ◽  
Mamta Kushwah ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Berlina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Mercury Ions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This information will be useful in the selection of materials and technology for the detection and removal of mercury ions at a low cost and with high sensitivity and selectivity. The purpose of this study is to provide the useful information for selection of materials and technology to detect and remove the mercury ions from water with high sensitivity and selectivity. The purpose of this study is to provide the useful information for selection of materials and technology to detect and remove the mercury ions from water with high sensitivity and selectivity. Design/methodology/approach Different nano- and bio-materials allowed for the development of a variety of biosensors – colorimetric, chemiluminescent, electrochemical, whole-cell and aptasensors – are described. The materials used for their development also make it possible to use them in removing heavy metals, which are toxic contaminants, from environmental water samples. Findings This review focuses on different technologies, tools and materials for mercury (heavy metals) detection and remediation to environmental samples. Originality/value This review gives up-to-date and systemic information on modern nanotechnology methods for heavy metal detection. Different recognition molecules and nanomaterials have been discussed for remediation to water samples. The present review may provide valuable information to researchers regarding novel mercury ions detection sensors and encourage them for further research/development.

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