scholarly journals SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF TORNADOES AND SQUALLS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION IN 2006-2020

Author(s):  
Semerhei-Chumachenko A. B. ◽  
Agayar E. V. ◽  
Zhuk D. O.

Tornadoes and strong squalls are dangerous for almost all spheres of human life and the economy of the region. The degree of negative impact depends on their type, quantity, intensity, area of formation and geographical features of the territory. The article defines the dynamics of the number of tornadoes and strong squalls in the North-Western Black Sea region (Odessa, Nikolayev and Kherson regions of Ukraine) from 2006 to 2020.Geographical position of the south-west of Ukraine, synoptic processes and a variety of climatic conditions contribute to the frequent occurrence of severe convective phenomena and creating the extraordinary complexity of their space-time distribution. The study revealed current trends in the formation of dangerous convective phenomena in the south-west of Ukraine. One of the most squall-prone regions of Ukraine is the territory of the North-Western Black Sea region. During 2006-2020 there was an increase in the number of squalls and tornadoes in the North-Western Black Sea region in comparison with previous years.

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Bilanchyn ◽  
Svetlana Rezvaya ◽  
Volodymyr Medinets

Many years’ studies of process of changes in composition, properties and fertility of the black soils of the North-Western Black Sea area in Ukraine with irrigation have revealed mobility of carbonates and humus in them, decrease of capacity of cationic consumption and content of consumed calcium, increase of share of consumed magnesium and sodium. Indicators of agro-physical state of soils under irrigation conditions are worsening significantly.


Author(s):  
Paul Huddie

The year 2014 marked the 160th anniversary of the beginning of the Crimean War, 1854–6. It was during that anniversary year that the names of Crimea, Sevastopol, Simferopol and the Black Sea re-entered the lexicon of Ireland, and so did the terms ‘Russian aggression’, ‘territorial violation’ and ‘weak neighbour’. Coincidentally, those same places and terms, and the sheer extent to which they perpetuated within Irish and even world media as well as popular parlance, had not been seen nor heard since 1854. It was in that year that the British and French Empires committed themselves to war in the wider Black Sea region and beyond against the Russian Empire. The latter had demonstrated clear aggression, initially diplomatic and later military, against its perceived-to-be-weak neighbour and long-term adversary in the region, the Ottoman Empire, or Turkey. As part of that aggression Russia invaded the latter’s vassal principalities in the north-western Balkans, namely Wallachia and Moldavia (part of modern-day Romania), collectively known as the Danubian Principalities. Russia had previously taken Crimea from the Ottomans in 1783....


Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Yurtsever ◽  
Nilgun Akdeniz ◽  
Burcu Karahalil

AbstractThe heritable elytral colour/pattern polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius in north-western Black Sea region of Turkey was investigated. A total of 2,530 adult spittlebugs, 1,020 females and 1,510 males were collected and analysed in terms of the 11 most common colour forms. Nine different phenotypes, expressed by six different alleles, were determined: populi (POP), typicus (TYP), trilineatus (TRI), marginellus (MAR), flavicollis (FLA), leucocephalus (LCE), gibbus (GIB), albomaculatus (ALB), and leucophtalmus (LOP). The common phenotypes lateralis (LAT) and quadrimaculatus (QUA) of previous studies were not encountered at all. The predominant phenotype was TYP (63%) in females and males followed by POP (31%). TRI (4%) and melanics (5%) were at close proportions. However, only one site had nine phenotypes altogether. The majority of the sites had only the POP and TYP morphs. The melanic forms were found only in females.


1902 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Walker

Since the last of my “Notes on Some Ontalio Acridiidæ” were printed, five species have been added to the list, and the number of localities for those already recorded has been considerably increased. I think,therefore, that it will make the notes more complete to conclude them with a full list of the species of this family known to occur in the Province, with their distribution as hitherto recorded.Only a small portion of the territory included in the Province of Ontario has been at all thoroughly explored by entomologists, but I do not believe there are very many native species of Acridiidæ not included in the present list. Doubtless, horvever, some of the Manitoba and Minnesota forms extend into the north-western part of Ontario, while it is extremely probable that there are unrecorded species in the south-west, and possibly a few in the east and extreme north.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Faize Sarış

AbstractThis paper analyses extreme precipitation characteristics of Turkey based on selected WMO climate change indices. The indices – monthly total rainy days (RDays); monthly maximum 1-day precipitation (Rx1day); simple precipitation intensity index (SDII); and monthly count of days when total precipitation (represented by PRCP) exceeds 10 mm (R10mm) – were calculated for 98 stations for the 38-year overlapping period (1975–2012). Cluster analysis was applied to evaluate the spatial characterisation of the annual precipitation extremes. Four extreme precipitation clusters were detected. Cluster 1 corresponds spatially to Central and Eastern Anatolia and is identified with the lowest values of the indices, except rainy days. Cluster 2 is concentrated mainly on the west and south of Anatolia, and especially the coastal zone, and can be characterised with the lowest rainy days, and high and moderate values of other indices. These two clusters are the most prominent classes throughout the country, and include a total of 82 stations. Cluster 3 is clearly located in the Black Sea coastal zone in the north, and has high and moderate index values. Two stations on the north-east coast of the Black Sea region are identified as Cluster 4, which exhibits the highest values among all indices. The overall results reveal that winter months and October have the highest proportion of precipitation extremes in Turkey. The north-east part of the Black Sea region and Mediterranean coastal area from the south-west to the south-east are prone to frequent extreme precipitation events.


Author(s):  
E. V. Ivanova

The article presents a complete mathematical formulation of the problem of the boundary layer of the atmosphere and the interacting surface layers of the soil with the active layer of the sea adapted to the North-Western Black Sea Region through the inclusion of the coastline shape, relief elevation angles and climatic characteristics of soil moisture. The numerical model is a three-dimensional, unsteady, hydrostatic model with one- or two-parameter closure. The paper presents a detailed description of the applied sub-grid processes parameterizations such as cloudiness in the lower tier, flows of short- and long-wave radiation throughout thickness of the boundary layer and near the Earth, antigradient migration for basic meteorological variables in the presence of neutral or weakly stable stratification, components of water, heat and radiation balance, phase transitions of moisture in the atmosphere, and different parameterizations of turbulent processes used in the model. The possibilities of the model include description of neutral and stable boundary layers with consideration of the kinetic energy of vertical velocity fluctuations instead of the kinetic energy of longitudinal and transverse velocity fluctuations. Identification of the type of the boundary layer at a particular point in time is estimated using values of the Richardson number. In addition, in case of convective conditions presence, parameterization of dry convection and wet-convective adaptation may be implemented. At the boundaries of "free boundary layer – surface or near-water layer of air, air-soil and air-water" certain bonding conditions are to be set to ensure continuity of meteorological parameters or their flows. On the upper boundary of the free boundary layer actual values of meteorological parameters and necessary parameters, or corresponding values from the global atmospheric model are to set. At the lower boundary of the deep soil layer the invariance of the vertical temperature gradient of the active layer of the sea – the value of temperature which is equal to the value of the latter according to its climatic values in the considered season of the year is to be set. The presented model is the first approximation in numerical modeling of the boundary layer over the adapted territory and is designed for studying the thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer of the adapted territory, as well as for identifying the breeze effects over the terrain.


1869 ◽  
Vol 6 (58) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Henry Alleyne Nicholson

In the former portion of this paper, the Tipper or south-eastern boundary of the Skiddaw Slates, in their main area, had been traced from Troutbeck, on the N.E., as far as the head of Buttermere, onthe S.W. From this point (i.e. the north-western end of Honister Crag), the Skiddaw Slates can be traced for a very short distance across Warnscales Bottom. They are still overlaid by the felspathic trap and succeeding band of slates and breccias, which together compose Fleetwith Pike and the S.E. end of Honister Crag, and the relations between the two formations are the same as in the Gatescarth Valley. When however the pass of Scarf Gap on the south-west of Warnscales is reached, the Skiddaw Slates have disappeared and the base of the Green Slate Series now rests upon a great mass ofiatrusive felstone-porphyry (here almost a true syenite) which forms High Crag and High Stile. Though the Skiddaw Slates are absent here, it is interesting to observe that the stratification of the Green Slate Series can be particularly well made out in this region. The rugged hills to the S.E. of Scarf Gap are occupied by a prolongation of the great slaty band of Honister, but the beds have now to a great extent lost their former character, and have assumed very much the mineral aspect of trap, from which however they are easily distinguished by the fact that the bedding, in spite of a rough but well marked cleavage, is unusually distinct. The strata displayed in a number of magnificently moutonné'd crags and bosses, in which they are seen to undulate repeatedly, forming a series of small but well-preserved anticlinals and synclinals, the dips of which are N.N.W. and S.S.E. at angles of from 25° to 35°. The inclination therefore of these beds is only about half as high as that of the Skiddaw Slates in the Gatescarth Valley.


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