scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MECHANIZATION PORK PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Smolyar ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Heated Area ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technological Area

The purpose of the research is – develop technological requirements for technical means for pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards. Research methods. During the development of technological requirements for mechanization of pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards, the basic regulatory documents were used: EU Directive 91/630 of 19.11.1991; EU Directive 2008/120 of 18.12.2008. Technological requirements for mechanization of pork production are formed by the following components: keeping pigs, feeding pigs, watering pigs, removing manure, creating a microclimate, veterinary services. Research results.Technological requirements for mechanization of pork production were developed for the first time in Ukraine. The design of equipment for keeping pigs must provide conditions for keeping animals close to natural. In accordance with EU regulatory requirements, free conditions for keeping animals must be ensured. The technological area of the machine per animal must be at least: 0.15 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of up to 10 kg; 0,2 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 10 kg to 20 kg; 0,3 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 20 kg to 30 kg; 0,4 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 30 kg to 50 kg; 0,55 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 50 kg to 85 kg; 0,65 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 85 to 110 kg; 1,0 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of more than 110 kg. Dimensions of individual machines for keeping pigs: width - 60 cm, length - 170 cm, area 1,0 m2; sows - width - 65 cm, length - 190 cm, area 1,2 m2. The number of pigs in the technological group must be at least 6 heads. The minimum technological area for individual keeping of an adult boar should be 6,0-7,5 m2. The technological area of the machine for keeping the breeding boar and sow during mating must be at least 10 m2. Piglets kept near sows should be provided with a comfortable heated area. During group keeping of pigs, their simultaneous access to feed must be ensured. When creating drinking bowls for pigs, it is necessary to take into account the technological requirements regarding the need of pigs for water and its flow rate. Pigs should not be kept in conditions with high excess air temperature and high relative humidity. When creating equipment for pig breeding, it is necessary to take into account the negative impact of air currents in piggeries on animals. It is not allowed to keep pigs constantly in the dark. Conclusions. For the first time in Ukraine, technological requirements for technical means for pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards, have been developed, taking into account the following components: keeping, feeding, watering pigs, manure removal, creating a microclimate, veterinary services. Technological requirements will be useful in the creation and implementation of modern machinery and equipment for pig farms.

Pig breeding development and analysis of the modern pork market in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
N. V. Bogolyubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Total Meat

Pig breeding is one of the key areas for the development of livestock meat production both in Russia and in the world. According to forecasts of various agro-industrial companies and information and analytical agencies, by the end of 2020, pork production was predicted to grow similar to that in 2019, which was 5,1% (or more than 192,6 thousand tons, in slaughter weight, compared to 2018). This would represent more than a third of the total meat production in Russia, which was estimated at 11,04–11,22 million tons (as compared to 10,9 million tons in 2019). According to preliminary data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (dated February 4, 2021), pork production increased "at 8.9% by 2019, which in live weight is +446 thousand tons", while the total meat production in Russia in 2020 reached 15,6 million tons, an increase of 3,1% (+472 thousand tons) more than in 2019. These indicators significantly exceed the forecasts indicated above, which is associated with the implementation of investment projects (primarily with state participation) in this direction and "expansion of export opportunities for Russian suppliers" in 2020. Despite the sanctions, coronavirus and other global challenges to the Russian economy, pork has been the "main driver" for the growth of meat production in Russia in recent years. Now our country is on the 4th line in the ranking according to the pig numbers (46.5 million heads in 2019) after China, the European Union and the United States of America. Agricultural enterprises in Russia account for 83,4% of pigs, 14,6% – on personal subsidiary plots, 2,0% – on farms. According to experts, the long-term development trend is an increase in the number of pigs in 5 years by 27,7%, in 10 years – by 36,1%, and the annual increase in pork production is planned at about 5%. Thus, in recent years, pork production has determined a positive trend in all domestic livestock farming in terms of the volume and quality of meat produced in Russia.

scholarly journals Archaea and Bacteria Exposure in Danish Livestock Farmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 965-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Hjort Bønløkke ◽  
Caroline Duchaine ◽  
Vivi Schlünssen ◽  
Torben Sigsgaard ◽  
Marc Veillette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
On Farm ◽  
First Time ◽  
Endotoxin Content ◽  
Farm Types

Abstract Objectives Methanogenic archaea have been found to make up part of the bioaerosols in pig, cattle, and poultry farms. So far no attempts have been made to determine how season, farm type, and farm characteristics may affect workers’ exposure to archaea. Methods Personal filter samples from 327 farmers working on 89 Danish farms were analysed for the number of 16S rRNA gene copies from archaea and bacteria and for their dust and endotoxin content. The farms were visited during summer and winter. Information on farm type and stable characteristics were collected using self-reported activity diaries and walk-through surveys. Differences in archaea and bacteria levels with farm type and stable characteristics and correlations with dust and endotoxin levels were examined. Results Personal archaea exposure was documented in all farm types including, for the first time, during mink farming. At 7.3*104 gene copies m−3 the archaea levels were around two orders of magnitude lower than bacteria levels at 5.7*106 gene copies m−3. At 1.7*105 gene copies m−3 among pig farmers and 1.9*104 gene copies m−3 among cattle farmers the archaea levels differed with farm type (P < 0.0005). The archaea and bacteria levels correlated weakly with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.17. Neither archaea nor bacteria levels differed by season. In pig farms the archaea levels differed by type of ventilation and by wetness of the floor. Conclusions Archaea levels were not neglible and appeared to vary greatly between farm types. In pig farms they varied with some farm characteristics. Archaea levels appeared to depend on factors that differed from those of bacteria.

Trust, Ethnicity and Integrity in East Africa: Experimental Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Burbidge ◽  
Nic Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trust Games ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Experimental Games ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractPolitical economy comparisons of Kenya and Tanzania have often found the political salience of ethnicity to be far higher in the former than the latter, with a negative impact on intercommunal trust. This difference has tended to be explained on the basis of the different kinds of leadership that the two countries experienced after independence. However, these findings have typically been demonstrated using aggregate or survey data. This paper assesses the salience of ethnicity at the individual level for the first time, deploying monetized two-round trust games in urban Kenya and Tanzania. The experimental games isolate the comparative impact of common knowledge of ethnicity and integrity among a quasi-random selection of 486 citizens. Verifying previous findings, we observe higher levels of trust and trustworthiness in Tanzania as compared with Kenya. Further, in comparison with Kenya, any shared knowledge of ethnic identities in Tanzania leads players to transfer fewer resources, while common knowledge that both players are “honest” led to higher transfers there than in Kenya. These results provide robust evidence of higher levels of trust in Tanzania, and of the negative effect in that country of common knowledge of ethnicity on levels of cooperation. The findings demonstrate the way in which political context can shape the impact of ethnic diversity, and encourage further experimental research that looks at the intersubjective dynamics of social cooperation.

scholarly journals Acetamiprid Affects Destruxins Production but Its Accumulation in Metarhizium sp. Spores Increases Infection Ability of Fungi

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Monika Nowak ◽  
Przemysław Bernat ◽  
Julia Mrozińska ◽  
Sylwia Różalska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Natural Pest Control ◽  
First Time

Metarhizium sp. are entomopathogenic fungi that inhabit the soil environment. Together, they act as natural pest control factors. In the natural environment, they come into contact with various anthropogenic pollutants, and sometimes, they are used together and interchangeably with chemical insecticides (e.g., neonicotinoids) for pest control. In most cases, the compatibility of entomopathogens with insecticides has been determined; however, the influence of these compounds on the metabolism of entomopathogenic fungi has not yet been studied. Secondary metabolites are very important factors that influence the fitness of the producers, playing important roles in the ability of these pathogens to successfully parasitize insects. In this study, for the first time, we focus on whether the insecticide present in the fungal growth environment affects secondary metabolism in fungi. The research revealed that acetamiprid at concentrations from 5 to 50 mg L−1 did not inhibit the growth of all tested Metarhizium sp.; however, it reduced the level of 19 produced destruxins in direct proportion to the dosage used. Furthermore, it was shown that acetamiprid accumulates not only in plant or animal tissues, but also in fungal cells. Despite the negative impact of acetamiprid on secondary metabolism, it was proofed to accumulate in Metarhizium spores, which appeared to have a stronger infectious potential against mealworm Tenebrio molitor, in comparison to the insecticide or the biological agent alone.

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of heifers of different weight classes in the first and second mating

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Rangel Fernandes Pacheco ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽  
Jonatas Cattelam ◽  
Andrei Retamoso Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of live weight at first mating on reproductive performance in the first and second reproductive years. For that purpose, the reproductive history of 221 heifers mated for the first time between the years of 2003 and 2012 was evaluated. Heifers were grouped into three weight classes at the age of 24 months: 50-59.9% (55%), 60-69.9% (65%), and 70-80% (75%). The pregnancy rate in the first reproductive year in heifers from weight classes 55%, 65%, and 75% was 38.0%, 56.4%, and 69.0%, respectively. The pregnancy rate in the second reproductive year was not affected by weight at first mating (p > 0.05) and corresponded to 41.6%; 42.1%, and 50.4% in the three weight classes, respectively. The weight class of heifers before mating at the age of 24 months affected reproductive performance at first mating but did not increase the pregnancy rate in the second reproductive year.

scholarly journals How do pig farms maintain low Salmonella prevalence: a case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (15) ◽  
pp. 1909-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Smith ◽  
V. Andres ◽  
T. E. Cheney ◽  
F. Martelli ◽  
R. Gosling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Control Study

AbstractSalmonella prevalence in UK pigs is amongst the highest in Europe, highlighting the need to investigate pig farms which have managed to maintain a low Salmonella seroprevalence. A total of 19 pig farms that had a consistently low (<10%) seroprevalence over 4 years (named Platinum farms) were compared against 38 randomly selected Control farms, chosen to match the same distribution of production types and geographical distribution of the Platinum farms. Each farm was visited and floor faeces and environmental samples were collected. It was shown that Control farms had a significantly higher median percentage of pooled faecal samples positive for Salmonella compared with the Platinum farms (12.1% and 0.4% for pooled faecal samples, respectively) and were more likely to have serovars of public health importance detected (S. Typhimurium/ monophasic variants or S. Enteritidis). Considering the comprehensive on-farm sampling, the identification of farms negative for Salmonella, along with the identification of those that had maintained low prevalence over a long period is important. The risk factor analyses identified pelleted feed, feed deliveries crossing farm perimeter and regular antibiotic use as associated with being a Control farm. Performance data indicated that Platinum farms were performing better for slaughter live weight than Controls. Limited assessments of available pig movement records suggested that the source of pigs was not key to Platinum status, but further study would be needed to confirm this finding. These results emphasise that maintaining very low prevalence on UK farms is achievable.

Effects of variation in liveweight at birth and weaning on subsequent reproductive rate in sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
PD Mullaney
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
First Time

Observations were carried out on one Polwarth, three Corriedale, and four Merino flocks in Western Victoria to investigate the influence of a ewe's own live weight at birth and weaning on her subsequent reproductive performance, when lambing for the first time. Weaning weights were adjusted to 140 days of age. The mean adjusted weaning weights were 26-35 lb (Merino), 27-48 lb (Corriedale), and 37 lb (Polwarth). Variation in the live weight of ewes at birth had little or no effect on either the number of lambs born per ewe joined (LBJ) or the number of lambs weaned per ewe joined (LW]), when the ewes lambed for the first time at either two or three years old. Variation in the live weight of ewes at weaning generally had only a small effect on both LBJ and LWJ at first lambing. On three properties, there was, however, an increase of about 3 per cent in LBJ and about 2 per cent in LWJ for each 10 lb increase in the ewe's own live weight at weaning.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Biotic and Abiotic CO Production during the Initial Phase of Biowaste Composting

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5451
Author(s):  
Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska ◽  
Karolina Sobieraj ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Jerzy Bieniek ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
K Value ◽  
Thermochemical Process ◽  
Full Study ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Knowledge of kinetic parameters of CO production during biowaste composting is significantly important for the prediction of its course and estimation of total gas quantity. This allows increasing the control of the process, to minimize its negative impact on the environment and to protect the occupational safety of employees exposed to CO in the biowaste composting plant. For the first time, a full study of the influence of temperature and biowaste sterilization on the kinetics of CO production is presented. The lab-scale experiments used a mixture of green waste, dairy cattle manure, and sawdust in two variants: sterilized and non-sterilized samples. The process was carried out in controlled temperature reactors with measuring the concentrations of CO, O2, and CO2 every 12 h.CO production and k value increased with temperature. However, higher CO production was observed in biotic conditions between 10~50 °C, suggesting the biotic CO formation and 1st-order kinetics. The abiotic (thermochemical) process was more efficiently generating CO above 50 °C, described with a 0-order kinetic model. Additionally, the rate constant (k) value of CO production under biotic conditions was increasing up to a temperature of 60 °C, above which a slight decrease in CO production rate was observed at 70 °C. The presented results are the basis for further studies focused on the feasibility of (1) the mitigation and (2) valorization of CO production during the biowaste biostabilization are warranted.

scholarly journals Advancing Adult Day Services Research: The 2016 and 2018 National Study of Long-Term Care Providers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 618-618
Author(s):  
Jessica Lendon ◽  
Vincent Rome ◽  
Christine Caffrey ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Manisha Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
National Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Adult Day Services ◽  
Day Services ◽  
First Time

Abstract This presentation demonstrates how researchers can leverage data from the 2018 redesign and new content from the forthcoming NSLTCP survey of adult day services centers (ADSC) conducted by National Center for Health Statistics. For the first time, NSLTCP data will allow analyses at the services-user level. New policy-relevant topics about centers and ADSC participants include reasons for hospitalization, medication use, patient-centered and end-of-life care, staffing turnover, and unmet needs. Additionally, the presentation highlights latest findings from the 2016 survey. About 53% of centers were primarily medical model. Almost 79% of participants in medical model centers used Medicaid, compared to 51% in social model centers. About 4% of participants had at least one 90-day hospitalization. 40% of participants had difficulty bathing. The most prevalent chronic conditions were hypertension (50%), arthritis (38%), and diabetes (31%). Nearly 40% of participants had an advance directive. Findings are contextualized within the broader understanding of ADSCs.

scholarly journals Технологія застосування преміксів різного складу у свинарстві

2018 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
А. В. Коробка ◽  
Т. М. Рак ◽  
О. К. Бітлян ◽  
Т. М. Конкс
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Effective Use

Дослідження присвячено технологічному обґрунтуванню доцільності дозованого використання у годівлі свиней преміксів, до складу яких входять солі  різної хімічної природи. Теоретично обґрунтовано й експериментально доведено індиферентний вплив солей мікроелементів різної хімічної природи при їх моновикористанні у складі преміксу «КС-5» на продуктивність тварин. Отримані результати проведених досліджень дали змогу зробити висновки, що оптимальним рівнем введення преміксу до складу раціону є  рівень 2,0 % , що підтверджується витратами корму на 1 кг приросту живої маси, які в цій групі склали 3,9 корм. од., проти  контролю – 4,3 корм. од. Застосування преміксів, які в своєму складі мають різні форми мікроелементів, особливо з  вуглекислих солей, позитивно вплинуло на ріст і розвиток молодняку та підвищили рентабельність виробництва свинини. From the point of view of economic substantiation of pig breeding in market conditions, the intensification of the industry implies, first of all, the provision of adequate feeding for animals. One of the solutions to this is the use of different forms of trace elements of trace elements in premixes. At present, considerable experimental and practical data on the effectiveness of the use of salts of trace elements of various chemical nature in feed technology, in particular chelated compounds, have been accumulated on the productive indices of the pork colony. However, the technological principles of the use of premixes, which consist of salts of trace elements of various nature, including chelates, have not been studied sufficiently, which impedes the effective use of them in feeding pigs. Consequently, the study of these problems is relevant and timely in the market conditions for pig breeding. The research is devoted to the technological substantiation of the expediency of dosage in feeding pigs of premixes, which include salts of different chemical nature. The indifferent influence of salts of trace elements of different chemical nature during their mono use in the composition of pre-KS-5 on animal productivity is proved theoretically and experimentally. The general results of the conducted studies allowed to reach the conclusion that the optimum level of introduction of premix into the diet is 2.0 %, which is confirmed by the consumption of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain, which in this group was 5.0 feed op., against control – 5.9 pounds unit The use of premixes, which in their composition have different forms of trace elements, especially carbonic salts, have positively influenced the growth and development of young, and increased the profitability of pork production.

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