Can Undergraduate Students Help Change Older Adults’ Confidence for Making Nutrition-Related Decisions in a 45-Minute Nutrition Workshop?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rakhshan Kamran ◽  
Giulia Coletta ◽  
Janet M. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) suggests health behaviour can be modified by enhancing knowledge of health benefits and outcome expectations of changing behaviour, improving self-efficacy (confidence), and developing goals to overcome barriers to behaviour change. This study aimed to determine the impact of student-led nutrition workshops on participants’ confidence related to SCT constructs for making dietary choices that align with evidence-based nutrition recommendations. Methods: Level-4 Science students developed and delivered 9 workshops on nutrition recommendations for the prevention and management of age-related diseases. Participants attending the workshops completed pre- and post-surveys to assess SCT constructs. For each SCT construct, participants rated their confidence on a 10-point Likert scale. The number (%) of participants who rated their confidence as ≥8/10 on the pre- and post-surveys were compared using the χ2 test. Results: Sixty-three community members (60% female, mean ± SD age 71 ± 7 years) attended the workshops. The number of participants rating confidence as ≥8/10 for each SCT construct increased after the workshops (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Undergraduate students can positively influence community members’ confidence for making nutrition-related decisions. Involving students in interventions where SCT-structured workshops are used may help conserve health care resources and reach older adults who may not have access to dietitian services.

How Social Factors Influence Implicit Knowledge Construction on the Internet

2015 ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Albena Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Implicit Knowledge ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Knowledge Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The influence of Internet on knowledge acquisition increases as it became the primary source of reference, especially for young generations. Therefore, it is important to understand how social factors and Internet influences not only explicit but also implicit knowledge construction. Several theories explain the impact of the social groups on the knowledge formation as Social Cognitive Theory of Bandura and Lay Epistemic Theory of Kruglanski. Thus, the authors propose an analysis of the implicit knowledge construction processes through the theoretical overview of Internet communication. More specifically, they discuss how the mechanisms of Internet increase the social and group impact on the implicit knowledge processes.

The Dark and Bright Sides of Self-Efficacy in Predicting Learning, Innovative and Risky Performances

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Salanova ◽  
Laura Lorente ◽  
Isabel M. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Implications

The objective of this study is to analyze the different role that efficacy beliefs play in the prediction of learning, innovative and risky performances. We hypothesize that high levels of efficacy beliefs in learning and innovative performances have positive consequences (i.e., better academic and innovative performance, respectively), whereas in risky performances they have negative consequences (i.e., less safety performance). To achieve this objective, three studies were conducted, 1) a two-wave longitudinal field study among 527 undergraduate students (learning setting), 2) a three-wave longitudinal lab study among 165 participants performing innovative group tasks (innovative setting), and 3) a field study among 228 construction workers (risky setting). As expected, high levels of efficacy beliefs have positive or negative consequences on performance depending on the specific settings. Unexpectedly, however, we found no time × self-efficacy interaction effect over time in learning and innovative settings. Theoretical and practical implications within the social cognitive theory of A. Bandura framework are discussed.

Career Self-Efficacy, Career Outcome Expectations and Vocational Interests among Japanese University Students

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Adachi
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
The Social ◽  
Career Model ◽  
Vocational Preference

The Social Cognitive Career Model proposes that career interests arise from beliefs about capability to execute a course of activity (self-efficacy), and beliefs about the consequences of performing particular activities (outcome expectations). In our study, 301 Japanese university students were given questionnaires including the Vocational Preference Inventory and scales assessing Career Self-efficacy and Career-outcome Expectations. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated both self-efficacy and outcome expectations were significantly related to vocational interests. Outcome expectations accounted for significant incremental variance in explaining interests across six of Holland's vocational environments. Implications of social cognitive theory for career development and interventions among Japanese university students are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Abusive Supervision on Job Insecurity: A Moderated Mediation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7773
Author(s):  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Chaoyue Zhao ◽  
Yalin Chen ◽  
Phil Maguire ◽  
Yixin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This paper explores the impact of abusive supervision on job insecurity under the frameworks of the social cognitive theory and the leader-member exchange theory; additionally, it explores the mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) and the moderating role of power distance. In this study, 944 employees from two state-owned enterprises located in China were surveyed via questionnaires. Results of the correlation analysis and statistical bootstrapping showed that (i) abusive supervision was significantly and positively related to job insecurity, (ii) LMX played a mediating role in the impact of abusive supervision on job insecurity, and (iii) power distance played a moderating role in the relationship between LMX and job insecurity. Based on the social cognitive theory, this study broadens the perspective of studies regarding job insecurity. It also provides practical suggestions for avoiding abusive supervision and for alleviating employees’ insecurities about management.

scholarly journals Reducing Attrition in Physical Activity Programs for Older Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonine Jancey ◽  
Andy Lee ◽  
Peter Howat ◽  
Ann Clarke ◽  
Kui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social

This study investigated attrition in a 6-month physical activity intervention for older adults. The program was based on the social-cognitive theory incorporating self-efficacy factors. Two hundred forty-eight insufficiently active 65- to 74-year-olds were recruited from the Australian federal electoral roll. The intervention comprised walking and strength and flexibility exercises and was conducted in 30 local neighborhoods where the participants resided. Characteristics of individuals lost to attrition (n= 86, 35%) were compared with those of program completers (n= 162, 65%). Logistic-regression analysis showed that those lost to attrition came from areas of lower socioeconomic status, were overweight and less physically active, and had lower walking self-efficacy scores and higher loneliness scores. The results suggest that early assessment of these characteristics should be undertaken to identify individuals at risk of attrition, to improve retention, and to avoid potential bias.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Representation of Social Space on the Perception of Crime by Juveniles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Kirill Zlokazov ◽  
Ekaterina Ilyankova ◽  
Anton Rozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Space ◽  
World View ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance of this research is connected with the necessity of develo­ping the theory of delinquent behavior and of improving the prevention of juvenile delinquency. The analysis of clauses that form the foundation of delinquency prevention programs shows the dominance of personal, behavioral and social environment-related views and a poor development of subjective views that modify the understanding of social consequences of crimes by adolescents. The goal of this research was to study the ideas of adolescents regarding social space and their impact on their assessment of crimes and their consequences. The study was based on the principles and clauses of a subjective approach, and the social-cognitive theory. The information processing methods included the frequency content-analysis (text-meaning), the assessment of differences (H-test of Kruskal-Wallis), and the multi-factor, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The authors established that juvenile delinquents’ understanding of interactions in the social space has an influence on their description of crimes. They also determined the statistical differences in the understanding of interaction with the social space between law-abiding adolescents and juvenile delinquents. It was shown that juvenile delinquents believe that social space ignores and devalues them, while law abiding adolescents believe that it is sensitive and supportive. Juvenile delinquents consider it possible to be irresponsible and dishonest in their interactions with other people, while law abiding adolescents strive to be responsible, honest and fair. The authors found out that the assessment of relationships with the social environment has an impact on the description of the consequences of a crime in a group of juvenile delinquents. The obtained results specify the ideas on the subjectivity of juvenile delinquents, prove that the subjective world view determines how the crime itself and its consequences are perceived, provide additional evidence that underage crimes are determined by the disruption of the relationship with the social environment, and show that the consequences of crimes are described using the vocabulary of risks and opportunities, consequences and advantages, break-up with the close ones and isolation.

scholarly journals ‘The trauma of the cyclone has changed us forever’: self-reliance, vulnerability and resilience among older Australians in cyclone-prone areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRA ASTILL ◽  
EVONNE MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe combination of population ageing and climate change is creating a new threat for many Australian coastal hamlets vulnerable to the impact of tropical cyclones. Increasingly, elderly people are facing future tropical cyclones alone, without support from family and friends, relying instead on already stretched government and authority resources, despite Emergency Management Australia's (EMA) policy expectation that all citizens must be self-reliant. This research explored the future self-reliance and disaster resilience of coastal hamlets through the lens of the Social Cognitive Theory by outlining the findings from focus groups, personal interviews and questionnaires involving participants over 65 years of age, residing in townships previously impacted by Cyclone Larry (in 2006) and Cyclone Yasi (in 2011). Participants recalled a lack of social support following the cyclones, a fear of evacuating their homes, as well as the trauma of recovering from such intense destruction. Respondents were also concerned about the physical, cognitive and financial impacts of ageing on their ability to prepare and recover from future cyclones, frightened that experiences from the past might be repeated in the future, contributing to feelings of isolation, frustration and the loss of community, and a rethinking of ageing in the place of their choice. These considerations impact on the dependence EMA has that all citizens will remain self-reliant when faced with a natural hazard and should be considered when making future policy decisions in relation to more isolated coastal townships.

Examining Whether the Social Cognitive Theory Concepts Predict Childhood Obesity Prevention Outcome Expectations

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Dayna S. Alexander ◽  
Chunhua Cao ◽  
Moya L. Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Childhood Obesity Prevention ◽  
The Social

The social cognitive theory (SCT) has been used to explain and promote childhood obesity prevention behaviors. We examined whether the SCT concepts predicted outcome expectations of childhood obesity among the children of African American caregivers. Caregivers ( n  = 128) completed the childhood obesity perceptions paper-based survey. A multiple linear regression was conducted to determine the direct effects of moral disengagement, environment, self-efficacy, and behavioral capability on outcome expectations ( p < .05). A mediation analysis using a bootstrapping bias correction method was used to test whether self-efficacy and behavioral capability mediated the effect of moral disengagement and environment on outcome expectations. Caregivers reported high levels of moral disengagement ( M = 4.13; standard deviation [ SD] = 0.70) and self-efficacy ( M = 4.26; SD = 0.64) and moderate levels of behavioral capability ( M = 2.83; SD = 0.75) and environment ( M = 2.92; SD = 0.74). Findings indicated the hypothesized relationships in the SCT were not fully supported. In addition, the indirect effects of environment on outcome expectations were not statistically significantly mediated by behavioral capability. This research warrants more attention in testing the SCT concepts for the development of childhood obesity prevention efforts that prioritize African American families in rural communities.

scholarly journals Validation of the Moral Disengagement Scale among Some Iranian University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Azimpour ◽  
Navid Karimian ◽  
Nourollah Mohamadi ◽  
Maryam Azarnioushan ◽  
Fatemeh Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Item Scale

Background: Moral disengagement is a variable in the social cognitive theory of morality and includes eight cognitive, psychosocial mechanisms by which moral self-sanctions are selectively disengaged from inhumane conduct. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to validate a university student replica of the moral disengagement scale among some Iranian university students. Methods: This validation study was based on the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method. The statistical population consisted of 346 undergraduate students at the Salman Farsi University of Kazerun. Also, 44 other undergraduate students were participated to examine the test-retest reliability of the scale. Both samples were selected by convenient sampling. The main sample completed the 32-item Moral Disengagement scale and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. CFA (by AMOS 24), stability coefficients, Cronbach's alpha, and multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA) (all by SPSS 16) were used to study gender differences. Results: The indices of CFA for the 32-item scale were not satisfactory, then an item in all subscales with the lesser beta was dropped, and the scale included only 24-items. The indices of CFA of the 24-item scale were satisfactory. The internal consistency for the whole scale was desirable (α: .817) and for the subscales were adequate. Test-retest correlations were not desirable for the whole scale (r: .693) and for the subscales. The total score and the scores of some subscales were negatively correlated with social desirability. The total score and the scores of some subscales also were greater in males. Conclusions: The satisfactory indices of CFA and also the higher scores of males in the 24-item scale confirmed its construct validity. However, correlations between the scale and social desirability did not confirm the ideal divergent validity. Thus, assessing the social desirability of the scale can clarify interpreting the scores. The obtained test-retest reliability suggests that this scale cannot assess a stable variable, and according to the social cognitive theory, it is better to consider moral disengagement as a changeable and inconstant variable.

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