Use of electrophysical indicators during growing strawberries on drop irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Yu. Dehtiarov ◽  
◽  
O. Chekar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Mineral System ◽  
Electrophysical Parameters

Yu. Dehtiarov, O. Chekar. Use of electrophysical indicators during growing strawberries on drop irrigation Three-year studies (2018-2020) have been carried out on the influence of different fertilizer systems under drip irrigation on the electrophysical parameters of typical chernozem during the cultivation of garden strawberries. It has been established that the largest changes in electrophysical parameters (electrical conductivity, total mineralization, salinity) of typical chernozem occur from the ridge to a depth of 20-30 cm. There is a difference in the obtained values of electrophysical indicators between variants of fertilization of typical chernozem (control, mineral system, organo-mineral system, organic system), and also during years of researches is revealed. Keywords: chernozem typical, electrophysical indicators, drip irrigation, fertilization.

scholarly journals Saline Water Impact on Water Use Efficiency of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L) Using Drip Irrigation

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kamran Baksh Soomro ◽  
M. M. Shaikh ◽  
Sanyogita Andriyas ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water shortage is a real problem in many parts of the world and finding alternative solutions such as the application of saline water in cropping systems is highly appreciated. Research on drip irrigation and soil salinity is still inadequate, and their effect on crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) is a huge challenge for small farmers. The present study was conducted in Malir, a semiarid region in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The purpose was to estimate the effects of two different qualities of irrigation water including fresh quality water (IT1 0.56 dS m−1) and saline groundwater (IT2 2.89 dS m−1) on WUE using drip irrigation technology in 2018–19. The experimental design was complete randomized block design (RCBD) with two treatments of irrigation: (1) freshwater (IT1) with 0.56 dS m−1 electrical conductivity and (2) saline water (IT2) with 2.89 dS m−1 electrical conductivity. The average biomass and crop yield under IT1 were 10.2 t.ha−1 and 7.4 t.ha−1, respectively, and were found higher than those under IT2 (7.3 t−1 and 4.2 t.ha−1, respectively). Hence, both the treatments remained equally effective in season 1 as compared to season 2 ( p ≤ 0.05 ). The WUE of bitter melon under IT1 was 1.60 and 1.56 kg.m−3 in seasons 1 and 2, respectively, and was higher than those under IT2 which were observed 1.21 and 1.07 kg.m−3 in seasons 1 and 2, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilizer and cultivation systems and herbicide application on soil biological activity under spring barley cultivation and its yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Ivan Shuvar ◽  
Hanna Korpita ◽  
Halina Lipińska ◽  
Teresa Wyłupek ◽  
Małgorzata Sosnowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Tube Exit ◽  
Mineral System

The results of the research devoted to the change of the biological composition of the soil under the conditions of activation of microbiological vital activity and increase in the number of earthworms in the technology of spring barley cultivation are presented. It was found that the organic system of growing crops against the background of manure, cereal straw and green manure in comparison with the organo-mineral system obtained a positive dynamics of decomposition of linen tissue and the development of earthworms in the soil.The highest grain yield was formed by agrocenosis of spring barley with the introduction of Lancelot 450 WG – 0.033 kg·ha–1 + Axial 50 EC – 1 dm3·ha–1 (tube exit phase) – 4900 kg·ha–1 and 4700 kg·ha–1 for organo-mineral and organic fertilizer systems in accordance.

Microagrogenesis of chernozem in agrocenosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Mineral System

The aim of the study was to provide scientifi c and theoretical substantiation for the process of microaggrega- tion of typical chernozem via the simulation of natural processes of soil formation under the effect of systemat- ic application of soil-protecting technologies of crop cultivation with surface packing of root and after-harvest remains, humus, and mineral fertilizers in agrocenoses of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory-analytical, experimental fi eld, statistical. Results. During tillage (for over 75 years) the number of free and friable-linked aggregates in the 0–40-cm chernozem layer decreased down to 17–20 %, and on the background of organic-mineral system of fertilization (15 t/ha of humus + N 80 P 75 K 60 ) there was an increase in the content of the mentioned groups of microaggregates up to 20–25 %. The systematic implementation of soil protective technologies promoted the increase in the content of free and friable-linked microaggregates up to 29–32 %. During tillage, the coeffi cient of saturation with humus for physical clay (PC) decreased 1.3–1.4 times compared to the grassland. The value of PC saturation during the soil protective tillage was optimal, as humus was neither accumulated in the form of free humates, nor stored like “fat” in animal organisms.aAnd there was no blocking of nutrients with free humates. Humus acts as a connective tissue, promoting the improved water-resistance of chernozem structure on the micro- and macroaggregate levels. The ability of chernozems to have aggregation was determined by the dispersion factor (DF), which was 12–14 % during tillage without introducing any fertilizers, and 10 % – with the introduction of fertilizers, which testifi ed to a weak degree of microaggregation. With minimal tillage on the background of the organo-mineral system of fertilization, DF = = 6–7 %, and by the end of rotation it decreased down to 3-5 %. Conclusions. Enhanced microaggregation in soil protective technologies is explained by the fact that detritus and newly formed humic substances enhance their role in the formation of organo-mineral complexes in case of optimization of hydrothermal conditions in the seasonal cycle and decreased tempo of humus mineralization. The correlation coeffi cient between the num- ber of microaggregates, sized 0.01–0.25 mm and the content of peptized humic substances during tillage was as follows: R = +0.480.01, and for soil protective technologies it was: R = (+0.70–0.75) 0.01. The increase in microaggregation in conditions of soil protective tillage occurred in the direction of wild land analogs and fallow, which testifi ed to the simulation of the natural process of typical chernozem microaggregation in the agrocenoses of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Spin Injection in a Ferromagnetic/Organic System

2012 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 416-420
Author(s):  
Yi Lin Mi ◽  
Feng Yan Liu ◽  
Jiang Nan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Spin Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Spin Dependence ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Injection Efficiency ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Spin Polarons

Spin injection efficiency in the ferromagnet/ organic semiconductors system (FM/OSEs) was explored considering the spin dependence of the electric-conductivity induced by spin injection in the OSEs. It is known that the OSEs is spin polarized, once spin was injected from FM layer to OSEs layer. The up-spin polarons and the down-spin polarons have different density. The spin dependence of the electric-conductivity is so induced. In the literature, it was usually supposed that the electric-conductivity in the spin polarized OSEs is spin independent. So, it is crucial to reflect the physics in the spin injection. Our work shows that the spin-dependent electrical-conductivity is one of the significant factors which affect the spin injection efficiency. The spin injection efficiency increases obviously with the rising of the spin-dependent electrical-conductivity in the same spin injection system. And the effect becomes larger, when the polaron proportion increases. Furthermore, the effects of interfacial electrochemical-potential proportion on the spin injection efficiency in the heterojunction are also included.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DO SISTEMA DE GOTEJAMENTO E DE FILTROS UTILIZANDO ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DA SUINOCULTURA

Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisandro Pires Frigo ◽  
Silvio Cesar Sampaio ◽  
Paulo Lorenço Freitas ◽  
Lúcia Helena Nóbrega ◽  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Para Determinar

DESEMPENHO DO SISTEMA DE GOTEJAMENTO E DE FILTROS UTILIZANDO ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DA SUINOCULTURA Elisandro Pires Frigo; Silvio Cesar Sampaio; Paulo Lourenço Freitas; Lúcia Helena Nóbrega; Reginaldo Ferreira Santos; Larissa Schmatz MallmannDepartamento Recursos Hídricos e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR  1 RESUMO Este trabalho avaliou a uniformidade do sistema de distribuição de água de poço artesiano e de efluentes e o desempenho do sistema de filtros. O experimento foi conduzido em estufa no Núcleo Experimental de Engenharia Agrícola, pertencente à Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. O solo da área experimental é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico de textura muito argilosa. A água residuária utilizada foi proveniente da suinocultura (ARS), sendo a mesma diluída em água a 0, 25, 50 e 75%. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi por gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi constituído de quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições, inteiramente casualizado. Para determinar o coeficiente de uniformidade do sistema, foi utilizado o modelo proposto por Christiansen (CUC). Os filtros foram avaliados em função das pressões de serviços (200, 150, 100 e 50 kPa) e das vazões. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a condutividade elétrica diminuiu 50% para os tratamentos T2 (ARS diluída a 25%) e T4 (ARS diluída a 75%) e 35,50% para o tratamento T3 (ARS diluída a 50%), após a passagem pelos filtros. O pH encontrado no experimento está de acordo com os parâmetros recomendados para aplicação de águas residuárias. Houve redução na concentração de sólidos totais para os tratamentos T2, T3 e T4, com valores médios de 35,20; 24,41 e 27,43%, respectivamente. O CUC para os tratamentos diminuiu em função da maior quantidade de sólidos e sais dissolvidos no efluente. A vazão do efluente em função das pressões de serviço diminuiu proporcionalmente com o aumento da concentração de ARS. UNITERMOS: coeficiente de uniformidade, filtragem, irrigação localizada.  FRIGO, E. P.; SAMPAIO, S. C.; FREITAS, P. L.; NÓBREGA, L. H.; SANTOS, R. F.; MALLMANN, L. S. PERFORMANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND FILTERS USING WASTEWATER FROM SUINOCULTURE  2 ABSTRACT This paper aimed to evaluate the uniformity coefficient of the distribution of a drip system of water and effluents and the efficiency of filter system. The experiment was conducted at greenhouse ofAgriculturalEngineeringExperimentalCenter,WestParanáStateUniversity. The soil of the experimental area is classified as typical Red Distrofferic Latosoil of very clay texture. The effluent was originating from suinoculture,  diluted in 0, 25, 50 and 75% of water. The random experimental design was constituted by four treatments with five repetitions. In order to determinate the uniformity coefficient of the system, the model proposed by Christiansen (CUC) was used. The filters were evaluated in function of pressures (200, 150, 100 and 50 kPa) and several discharges. The results allowed concluding that the Electrical Conductivity decreased 50% for the treatments T2 (ARS diluted in 25%) and T4 (ARS diluted in 75%) and 35% for the treatment T3 (ARS diluted in 50%), after the passage by filters. The pH found was in accordance with the parameters recommended for the application of wastewaters. There was reduction in the concentration of Total  Solids for the treatments T2, T3 and T4, with mean values of 35,20; 24,41 and 27,43%, respectively. The uniformity coefficient of Christiansen (CUC) for the treatments decreased in dependence of the higher amount of solids and dissolved salts in the effluent. The effluent discharge as a function of pressures decreased proportionally to effluent concentration decrease. KEYWORDS: uniformity coefficient, filtering, drip irrigation.

scholarly journals Inferring soil salinity in a drip irrigation system from multi-configuration EMI measurements using Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan Zaib Jadoon ◽  
Muhammad Umer Altaf ◽  
Matthew Francis McCabe ◽  
Ibrahim Hoteit ◽  
Nisar Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Chain Monte Carlo ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Drip Irrigation System

Abstract. A substantial interpretation of electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements requires quantifying optimal model parameters and uncertainty of a nonlinear inverse problem. For this purpose, an adaptive Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to assess multi-orientation and multi-offset EMI measurements in an agriculture field with non-saline and saline soil. In the MCMC simulations, posterior distribution was computed using Bayes rule. The electromagnetic forward model based on the full solution of Maxwell's equations was used to simulate the apparent electrical conductivity measured with the configurations of EMI instrument, the CMD mini-Explorer. The model parameters and uncertainty for the three-layered earth model are investigated by using synthetic data. Our results show that in the scenario of non-saline soil, the parameters of layer thickness are not well estimated as compared to layers electrical conductivity because layer thicknesses in the model exhibits a low sensitivity to the EMI measurements, and is hence difficult to resolve. Application of the proposed MCMC based inversion to the field measurements in a drip irrigation system demonstrate that the parameters of the model can be well estimated for the saline soil as compared to the non-saline soil, and provide useful insight about parameter uncertainty for the assessment of the model outputs.

scholarly journals Effects of Ammonium, Nitrate, and Zero Leachate on Poinsettia

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 593d-593
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
Patricia C. Branch ◽  
Felix J. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Leachate Quality

Nitrate nitrogen has been recommended as the best form of nitrogen for the production of poinsettia while ammonium and urea have been reported to be deleterious to poinsettia growth. Recent studies have indicated that lower nitrogen and leaching levels will produce quality poinsettias. Poinsettias were grown with 21–7–7 Acid Special (9.15% NH4, 11.85% urea), 20–10–20 Peat-lite Special (7.77% NH4, 12.23% NO3), 15-220 plus Ca and Mg (1.5% NH4, 12.7% NO3, 0.8% urea), and 15–5–15 Excel CalMag (1.2% NH4, 11.75% NO3, 2.05% urea) applied at 200 mg·L-1. Plants were fertigated by drip irrigation with zero leachate. There were no significant differences between fertilizer treatments for plant height, width, bloom diameter, and dry weight. Electrical conductivity and pH did vary significantly between treatments; however, this did not effect plant growth. Thus, by using lower nitrogen levels and zero leachate, quality poinsettias can be grown with commercial fertilizers high in ammonium/urea or high in nitrate nitrogen, or ammonium and nitrate in combination.

Electrophysical properties of composites based on low density polyethylene and zeolite mineral

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
A. M. Maharramov ◽  
◽  
V. J. Dzhafarov ◽  
M. N. Bayramov ◽  
N. Sh. Aliyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Electrophysical Properties ◽  
Dielectric Parameters ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Frequency Dependences ◽  
Electrophysical Parameters ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Dielectric parameters (ε′, tgδ) and electrical conductivity (σ) of samples composites of 60 vol. % LDPE/40 vol. % zeolite, 40 vol. % LDPE/60 vol. % zeolite was measured at frequencies 25 – 106 Hz and a temperature range 293 – 403 K. Composites based on a homogeneous mixture of LDPE with powdered natural zeolite (clinoptiolite and heilandite — Agdag deposit, Azerbaijan) were obtained in the form of film samples 140 – 200 microns and 20 mm in diameter, by hot pressing at a temperature of 403 – 413 K and a pressure of 15 MPa, followed by quenching in a mixture of ice-water. The temperature dependence of the electrophysical parameters of the samples of the composites revealed that the dielectric loss tgδ and electrical conductivity σ increase with increasing filler content, and this is due to an increase in the concentration of charge carriers and their mobility. The study of the frequency dependences ε′ = ƒ(logν), tgδ = ƒ(logν) and logσ = ƒ(logν) showed the presence of two linear regions of the frequency dependences of the electrical conductivity, which vary according to the law σас (ν) ∼ ν0,73, and this is more consistent with the hopping mechanism of the electrical conductivity of LDPE/zeolite composites.

scholarly journals Yield of green beans subjected to continuous and pulse drip irrigation with saline water

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian F. de Almeida ◽  
Vital P. da S. Paz ◽  
Ana P. C. de Jesus ◽  
Jucicléia S. da Silva ◽  
Karoline S. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Bean Yield

ABSTRACT In view of the imminent need for efficient water use and the search for adequate management techniques to reduce the effect of salinity on plants, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of continuous and pulses drip irrigation with saline water on green bean yield and water use efficiency. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with treatments distributed in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement. The first factor was type of drip irrigation, i.e., continuous or pulse, while the second factor was the levels of water salinity (electrical conductivity of 0.3, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1), with five replicates, and two plants per replicate, totaling 50 experimental units. The following variables were analysed: production of pods per pot, water use efficiency and the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract. According to the results, significant effect of the interaction and decreasing linear fits in response to salinity occurred for all variables studied. It was possible to note that pulse drip irrigation reduced the negative effects of irrigation water salinity on green bean yield and increased water use efficiency.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF CROP FARMING ON ECOLOGICAL AND TROPHIC GROUPINGS OF MICROORGANISMS OF TYPICAL CHORNOZEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LEFT-BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Rieznik S. V.
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Crop Farming ◽  
Intensive System

Objective. To establish the influence of different crop farming systems on the parameters of the number of representatives of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in typical chernozem. Methods. Comparative-profile-genetic, microbiological, statistical. Results. The upper 0–10- centimetre layer of soil (the number of microorganisms decreases with depth and the predominance of microbiological activity in the 10–20-centimetre layer is possible only in dry periods) is characterised by the highest microbiological activity. The microbiocenosis undergoes the greatest transformations in the conditions of intensive system of crop farming upon mixing and turn of a layer. This is expressed in a significant decrease in microbiological activity in the 0–10-centimetre layer and vice versa — an increase in the layers of 10–20 and 20–30 cm. Agrogenic soils have higher parameters of total microbiological activity compared to the fallow area. The most positive influence on biogenesity was reported in the variants of the organic system of crop farming, especially with the use of green manures. The data on the directions of development of soil biological processes of the studied variants by the analysis of oligotrophic coefficients, mineralization-immobilization and mobilization of nitrogen stock are provided. Mathematical analysis of the data showed a significant influence of the depth of sampling on the number of all studied microorganisms, while the crop farming system significantly affected the number of microscopic fungi, actinomycetes and amylolytic microbiota. Conclusion. Agrogenic use of chernozems reduces the number of microscopic fungi. In the variants of organic crop farming, a significant increase in the number of actinomycetes and amylolytic microbiota was reported. Under the intensive system of crop farming, there is a decreased number of representatives of all studied ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms. And vice verse, variants of the organic crop farming system, especially under the use of green manure, have a higher number of most functional groups of microorganisms. Cultivated soils are characterized by a higher coefficient of mineralization and immobilization compared to fallow.

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