The Compliance with Rehabilitation for People with Schizophrenia among Primary Caregivers in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam

IntroductionIn low- and middle-income countries, children experience multiple risks for delayed development. We evaluated a multicomponent, group-based early child development intervention including behavioural recommendations on responsive stimulation, nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene, mental health and lead exposure prevention.MethodsWe conducted a 9-month, parallel, multiarm, cluster-randomised controlled trial in 31 rural villages in Kishoreganj District, Bangladesh. Villages were randomly allocated to: group sessions (‘group’); alternating groups and home visits (‘combined’); or a passive control arm. Sessions were delivered fortnightly by trained community members. The primary outcome was child stimulation (Family Care Indicators); the secondary outcome was child development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Inventory, ASQi). Other outcomes included dietary diversity, latrine status, use of a child potty, handwashing infrastructure, caregiver mental health and knowledge of lead. Analyses were intention to treat. Data collectors were independent from implementers.ResultsIn July–August 2017, 621 pregnant women and primary caregivers of children<15 months were enrolled (group n=160, combined n=160, control n=301). At endline, immediately following intervention completion (July–August 2018), 574 participants were assessed (group n=144, combined n=149, control n=281). Primary caregivers in both intervention arms participated in more play activities than control caregivers (age-adjusted means: group 4.22, 95% CI 3.97 to 4.47; combined 4.77, 4.60 to 4.96; control 3.24, 3.05 to 3.39), and provided a larger variety of play materials (age-adjusted means: group 3.63, 3.31 to 3.96; combined 3.81, 3.62 to 3.99; control 2.48, 2.34 to 2.59). Compared with the control arm, children in the group arm had higher total ASQi scores (adjusted mean difference in standardised scores: 0.39, 0.15 to 0.64), while in the combined arm scores were not significantly different from the control (0.25, –0.07 to 0.54).ConclusionOur findings suggest that group-based, multicomponent interventions can be effective at improving child development outcomes in rural Bangladesh, and that they have the potential to be delivered at scale.Trial registration numberThe trial is registered in ISRCTN (ISRCTN16001234).

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The Perceptions of Persons with Disabilities, Primary Caregivers and Church Leaders regarding Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in a Methodist Congregation

Journal of Disability & Religion ◽

10.1080/23312521.2020.1859040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-47

Author(s):

Gail McMahon-Panther ◽

Juan Bornman

Keyword(s):

Primary Caregivers ◽

Church Leaders ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Persons With Disabilities

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Mental Health of Parents and Primary Caregivers by Sex and Associated Child Health Indicators

Adversity and Resilience Science ◽

10.1007/s42844-021-00037-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Beth Wolicki ◽

Rebecca H. Bitsko ◽

Robyn A. Cree ◽

Melissa L. Danielson ◽

Jean Y. Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Child Health ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Health Indicators

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Factors influencing depression in primary caregivers of patients with dementia in China: A cross-sectional study

Geriatric Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.03.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 734-739

Author(s):

Yanhong H. Zhang ◽

Yin Cheng ◽

Zhaoqin Wang ◽

Tianting Yang ◽

Wenjun Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Caregivers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Influencing

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Social-Emotional Difficulties in Irish Children Aged Five and Nine Years: A National, Longitudinal Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children8080656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 656

Author(s):

Ann Swift ◽

Roy McConkey ◽

Philip Curry ◽

Edurne Garcia Iriarte

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Family Relations ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Emotional Difficulties ◽

Children And Families ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Early Intervention Services ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact

A small proportion of children experience social-emotional difficulties from early childhood onwards. Longitudinal studies with nationally representative samples are needed to identify the prevalence and the characteristics of children and families persistently experiencing these difficulties. Secondary analysis of data collected on over 7500 Irish children and with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as the primary indicator, found that 6% of children when they were five year olds and 8% when they were nine-years, had above threshold scores that warranted further investigation. A smaller proportion—2.9% had elevated scores at both ages. Logistic regression analyses found that children with one or more developmental disabilities were up to six times more likely to have sustained difficulties. There were also significant associations with the lower education attainment of primary caregivers and the socio-economic deprivation of families. Primary caregivers and teachers reported higher conflict in their relationships with these children. Although the number of Irish children presenting with continuing social-emotional difficulties is small, they can present an ongoing and future societal cost in terms of the impact on family relations and demands placed on educational, health and social services. This study identified the children and families who are at greatest risk and for whom targeted early intervention services could be provided.

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Effect of Sustained Interventions from Infancy to Toddlerhood in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate for Preventing Early Childhood Caries

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000517210 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Sivasubramanian Abirami ◽

Noopur Panchanadikar ◽

Murugan Satta Muthu ◽

Suganya Balasubramanian ◽

Jyotsna Murthy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Assessment System ◽

Incidence Density ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

Childhood Caries

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained interventions in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) for preventing early childhood caries (ECC). This prospective, nonrandomized interventional cohort study was conducted in infants aged 0–12 months with congenital CLP. Interventions were given to parents/primary caregivers in the form of combined oral health-care measures (sterile wet gauze piece, finger brush, toothbrush, and toothpaste) by a motivational interviewing approach. Education of primary caregivers on oral hygiene was provided by audiovisual aids and demonstration. Reinforcement of the prescribed regimen was done through daily short message services in caregivers’ preferred language and bimonthly telephone calls. Participants were followed up for 9–32 months from the time of recruitment, with a mean period of 18.3 ± 5.1 months. Rates of dental caries were represented as prevalence rates, incidence density, and transitional probability. The distribution of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores on different tooth surfaces affected in the intervention group was compared descriptively with that of the age- and sex-matched historical control groups. On analysis of surface-wise distribution of the ICDAS scores in the intervention group (n = 1,919), 1.2% (n = 24) had noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1 and 2), 0.88% (n = 17) had cavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 3–6), and 0.26% (n = 5) had both cavitated and noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1–6). The incidence density of caries-affected children observed at the first and last follow-ups was 1.2 persons/100 person-months and 1.3 persons/100 person-months of observation, respectively. The incidence density of new caries-affected tooth surfaces at the first and last follow-ups was 0.163 surfaces/100 surface-months and 0.062 surfaces/100 surface-months, respectively. Maxillary first molars had the maximum transition from sound to the cavitated lesion (11.5%), followed by maxillary incisors from sound to noncavitated (7.5%) at the last follow-up. Based on the newly developed assessment criteria in our study, sustained interventions proved to be significantly effective in preventing ECC in children with CLP.

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Pediatric End of Life Care: Impact of Islamic Faith

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/01939459211016503 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 019394592110165

Author(s):

Shahad A. Hafez ◽

Julia A. Snethen ◽

Emmanuel Ngui ◽

Julie Ellis ◽

Murad Taani

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

End Of Life ◽

End Of Life Care ◽

Life Experience ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Future Research ◽

Life Care ◽

Beliefs And Practices ◽

Education Practice

Studies investigating children and families’ experiences at end of life in Saudi Arabia are limited. However, one factor found to have an impact on patient and primary caregiver end of life care is Islam. Since women are the primary caregivers for children in Saudi Arabia, the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of Muslim women caring for a child at end of life. Using a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with 24 female primary caregivers caring for a child at end of life. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The researchers found that Islamic beliefs and practices had a positive influence on primary caregivers’ experiences. Islamic beliefs and practices helped support participants through their child’s end of life experience. Results have implications for health care education, practice, policy, and future research on end of life in Saudi Arabia other Muslim countries.

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Looking into the life of technology-dependent children and their caregivers in Korea: lifting the burden of too many responsibilities

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-020-02388-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu Hyeon Choi ◽

Min Sun Kim ◽

Cho Hee Kim ◽

In Gyu Song ◽

June Dong Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Home Care ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Economic Status ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dependent Children

Abstract Background The number of technology-dependent children (TDC) is increasing in South Korea, but available healthcare services after their discharge are poor. This study aimed to examine how TDC and caregivers live at home and identify their difficulties and needs regarding home care with few services to support them. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital for children in South Korea. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by primary caregivers of TDC who were younger than 19 years and had been dependent on medical devices for more than 3 months. Technologies included home mechanical ventilation, oxygen supplementation, suction equipment, enteral feeding tube, and home total parenteral nutrition. Patterns of healthcare use and home care of TDC and caregivers’ perception toward child were assessed. Results A total of 74 primary caregivers of TDC completed a self-reported questionnaire. About 60% children were aged under 5 years. There were 31.1% children who required both respiratory and nutritional support. On average, caregivers took care of a child for 14.4 (±6.1) hours, slept for 5.6 (±1.6) hours, and spent 2.4 h per day on personal activities. Children used hospital services for 41.3 (±45.6) days in 6 months, and most (78.1%) were transported through private car/ambulance. Participants (75.6%) reported taking more than an hour to get to the hospital. More than 80% of caregivers responded that child care is physically very burdensome. The only statistically significant relationships was between economic status and financial burden (p = 0.026). Conclusions Caregivers of TDC reported having significant time pressure regarding childcare-related tasks, insufficient time for personal activities, and inefficient hospital use because of inadequate medical services to support them in South Korea. Thus, it is necessary to support caregivers and develop a home care model based on current medical environment.

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