scholarly journals The Effect of Time on Apoptosis Changes Following Ischemia-Reperfusion in Isolated Heart of Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Yusef Dostar ◽  
Alireza Gorjani ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Rambod Rezapour Shahir
Keyword(s):  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

Background and objective: To study the time-dependent effects of ischemia – reperfusion on myocardium cells. Methodology: Male SD rats (270-330gr) were randomly grouped in four groups of 10 in an experimental study. After anesthesia using pentobarbital sodium (50-60 IP-kg/mg) the rats’ hearts in the treatment groups were isolated immediately and connected to langendorff apparatus with krebs solution at 37ºC and a fixed pressure. During stabilization, 30m ischemia and 60, 90, and 120min reperfusion was carried out on the hearts. Hearts of the control group remained intact. Immunhistochemistry of apoptotic cells was performed using TUNEL POD Kit and positive TUNEL myocardium cells of each group, in five microscopic view fields, was counted. The results were represented as mean ± SD. Findings: Apoptotic cell counts in control group was 1±0.4, and this figure in the treatment groups T/60min, T/90min, and T/120min was 2.0±0.5, 3.0±0.3, and 6.0±0.3 respectively. Comparison between the treatment groups and control group was carried out using one-way ANOVA and the results showed no significant difference between the groups T/90min and T/120min and the groups T/60 and control (p>0.05). However, the differences between the groups T/120min and T/60min (p<0.001) and groups T/120min and T/90min (p<0.01) was significant. Conclusion: The study showed that ischemia-reperfusion time can be effective on apoptotic changes of myocardium cells of heart.

Relaxin protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (8) ◽  
pp. F1169-F1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Yoshida ◽  
Hiromichi Kumagai ◽  
Tetsuya Kohsaka ◽  
Naoki Ikegaya
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Semiquantitative Assessment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

Relaxin, a pregnancy hormone, has antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of relaxin on ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury. Male rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral renal IR (45 min of renal pedicle clamping). Rats were divided into three groups: 1) sham group, 2) IR group, and 3) IR-RLX group (rats treated with relaxin before ischemia). In this group, relaxin was infused at 500 ng/h via subcutaneous osmotic minipump for 24 h beginning 2 h before renal ischemia. At 24 h after reperfusion, renal function was assessed and kidneys were removed for analysis. There was no significant difference in blood pressure among the three groups. IR increased plasma levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, and relaxin provided protection against the increases in these two parameters. Relaxin significantly decreased plasma TNF-α levels and renal TNF receptor 1 mRNA expression, compared with the IR group. Semiquantitative assessment of the histological lesions showed marked structural damage in IR rats compared with the IR-RLX rats. RLX significantly reduced apoptotic cell counts compared with the IR group. Overexpression of caspase-3 observed in the IR kidneys was reduced in the IR-RLX group. The results demonstrated that relaxin provided protection against IR-induced renal injury by reducing apoptosis and inflammation.

Efficacy of Fenbendazole and Ivermectin against Trichuris spp. in African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) in Barbados West Indies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamara JR Rhynd ◽  
Daniel P Walsh ◽  
Linnell CM Arthur-Banfield
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bayesian Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Proportional Reduction ◽  
Green Monkeys

Trichuris spp. are common helminths in NHP, and benzimidazoles and avermectins have both been used to treat theseintestinal parasites. The current study compared the efficacy of fenbendazole and ivermectin against natural infection ofTrichuris spp. in African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). Anthelmintic-naive animals (n = 65) were randomly assignedto 4 groups: an untreated control group, and 3 groups treated with either fenbendazole, ivermectin, or both compounds. Fecalsamples were collected before treatment and on days 7, 14, 28, and 60 after treatment, and fecal egg counts (FEC) were determined by using fecal flotation. The mean percentages of FEC reduction at day 60 were 100%, 86%, and 100% for treatmentwith fenbendazole, ivermectin, and both compounds, respectively. Analyzing the time series of FEC by using a Bayesian generalized linear model showed no significant difference in the proportional reduction in FEC among the 3 treatment groups, although all FEC from treated groups were significantly lower than the FEC of the control group. In contrast, the probability of shedding was highest in the ivermectin group and the lowest in the animals treated with both compounds. The probability of shedding differed significantly between the fenbendazole and ivermectin groups and between the ivermectin and combined-treatment groups. In conclusion, both fenbendazole and ivermectin are effective anthelmintics in treating Trichuris spp. infection in African green monkeys. All treatment groups showed significant reductions in FEC when compared with baseline counts and control animals; however, fenbendazole may be more effective than ivermectin when used solely or in combination with other anthelmintic treatments.

Efficacy of Imagery and Meditation Techniques in Treating Psoriasis

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Gaston ◽  
Jean-Charles Crombez ◽  
Jacques Joly ◽  
Sheilagh Hodgins ◽  
Marc Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Using a dismantled time-series design, eighteen subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: meditation ( N = 5); meditation and imagery ( N = 4); waiting list ( N = 5). Treatment lasted twelve weeks, while pre- and post-baseline periods were of four weeks. An assessment control group control was also used during baseline periods ( N = 4). The severity of psoriasis symptoms was reliably rated by dermatologists. While controlling for extraneous factors influencing psoriasis symptoms, a time-series multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant difference between the mean psoriasis ratings of treatment and control groups after treatment (partial r = .30, p < .01). No additional impact was associated with the use of the imagery technique (partial r = − .06, p > .05). Four subjects in the treatment groups, two in each condition, succeeded in clinically improving their psoriasis symptoms, and none deteriorated. The practice of mediation may be clinically effective for some patients in reducing their psoriasis symptoms.

Comparison of Students Taught Basketball Skills Using Mastery and Nonmastery Learning Methods

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie L. Blakemore ◽  
H. Gill Hilton ◽  
Joyce M. Harrison ◽  
Tracy L. Pellett ◽  
James Gresh
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Competitive Game ◽  
Game Situation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Mastery learning is an instructional strategy that embraces the philosophy that almost any student can learn what is being taught given sufficient time and help. Through Bloom’s group-based, teacher-paced model, 71 seventh-grade boys were taught basketball skills. Students in two treatment groups (mastery and nonmastery) and a control group were compared on the performance of psychomotor skills in isolation and in a competitive game situation before, midway through, and following their training. Students in the mastery group were not taught new skills until 80% had mastered the present skills. The mastery group performed significantly better on isolated skills than did the nonmastery and control groups. There was no significant difference between groups in the performance of skills in a competitive game situation.

The Resuscitative and Pharmacokinetic Effects of Humeral Intraosseous Vasopressin in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Burgert ◽  
Arthur D. Johnson ◽  
Jose Garcia-Blanco ◽  
Lawrence V. Fulton ◽  
Michael J. Loughren
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractIntroductionThe American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) and European Resuscitation Council (Niel, Belgium) cardiac arrest (CA) guidelines recommend the intraosseous (IO) route when intravenous (IV) access cannot be obtained. Vasopressin has been used as an alternative to epinephrine to treat ventricular fibrillation (VF).Hypothesis/ProblemLimited data exist on the pharmacokinetics and resuscitative effects of vasopressin administered by the humeral IO (HIO) route for treatment of VF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of HIO and IV vasopressin, on the occurrence, odds, and time of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and pharmacokinetic measures in a swine model of VF.MethodsTwenty-seven Yorkshire-cross swine (60 to 80 kg) were assigned randomly to three groups: HIO (n=9), IV (n=9), and a control group (n=9). Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for two minutes. Chest compressions began at two minutes post-arrest and vasopressin (40 U) administered at four minutes post-arrest. Serial blood specimens were collected for four minutes, then the swine were resuscitated until ROSC or 29 post-arrest minutes elapsed.ResultsFisher’s Exact test determined ROSC was significantly higher in the HIO 5/7 (71.5%) and IV 8/11 (72.7%) groups compared to the control 0/9 (0.0%; P=.001). Odds ratios of ROSC indicated no significant difference between the treatment groups (P=.68) but significant differences between the HIO and control, and the IV and control groups (P=.03 and .01, respectively). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated the mean time to ROSC for HIO and IV was 621.20 seconds (SD=204.21 seconds) and 554.50 seconds (SD=213.96 seconds), respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (U=11; P=.22). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of vasopressin in the HIO and IV groups was 71753.9 pg/mL (SD=26744.58 pg/mL) and 61853.7 pg/mL (SD=22745.04 pg/mL); 111.42 seconds (SD=51.3 seconds) and 114.55 seconds (SD=55.02 seconds), respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant difference in plasma vasopressin concentrations between the treatment groups over four minutes (P=.48).ConclusionsThe HIO route delivered vasopressin effectively in a swine model of VF. Occurrence, time, and odds of ROSC, as well as pharmacokinetic measurements of HIO vasopressin, were comparable to IV.BurgertJM, JohnsonAD, Garcia-BlancoJ, FultonLV, LoughrenMJ. The resuscitative and pharmacokinetic effects of humeral intraosseous vasopressin in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):305–310.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN SIDE JUMP SPRINT DAN SCISSOR JUMP TERHADAP DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI PADA SISWA PUTRA PESERTA EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLAVOLI SMP NEGERI 3 ABIANSEMAL TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Sunarba . ◽  
Dr. I Ketut Sudiana, S.Pd. M Kes . ◽  
Gede Doddy Tisna, M.S., S.Or., M.Or. .
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan the non-randomized control group pretest posttest design. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler bolavoli SMP Negeri 3 Abiansemal tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 berjumlah 45 orang, kemudian dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok dengan menggunakan teknik ordinal pairing, yaitu 15 orang diberikan pelatihan side jump sprint, 15 orang diberikan pelatihan scissor jump, dan 15 orang kelompok kontrol. Daya ledak otot tungkai diukur dengan test vertical jump. Data yang di dapat dianalisis dengan uji F (one way anova) pada taraf signifikansi (α) = 0,05 dengan bantuan komputer program SPSS 16.0. Hasil analisis data dari kelompok perlakuan side jump sprint terjadi peningkatan daya leda kotot tungkai sebesar 0,097, pada kelompok perlakuaan scissor jump sebesar 0,136 dan pada kelompok control sebesar 0,116. Hasil one awy anova variable daya ledak otot tungkai antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol didapat Fhitung 67,628 dan signifikansi 0,000 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap daya ledak otot tungkai. . Berdasarkan hasil uji least significant difference (LSD), kelompok pelatihan side jump sprint lebih baik pengaruhnya sebesar 44,733 dibandingkan pelatihan sciisor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Disimpulkan bahwa; (1) pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump berpengaruh pada peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. (2) terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. (3) pelatihan side jump sprint lebih baik dari pada pelatihan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledakotot tungkai Kata Kunci : side jump sprint , scissor jump, daya ledak otot tungkai. This research aims to know the influence of side jump sprint and scissor jump towards the improvement the explosive power of limp muscle. This research is a quasi experiment with the non-randomized control group pretest post test design. The subjects were students of extracurricular participants of volley ball at SMP Negeri 3 Abiansemal academic year 2016/2017 amounted to 45 people, then divided into 3 groups using ordinal pairing technique, 15 people were given side jump sprint training, 15 people were given scissor jump training, and 15 People control group. Limb muscle explosive power is measured by a vertical jump test. The data can be analyzed by F (one way anova) test at significance level (α) = 0,05 with computer program of SPSS 16.0. The result of data analysis from side sprint treatment group happened increased limb muscle explosive power of 0.097, in scissor jump treatment group 0.136 and control group 0.116. The result of one way anova variable of explosive muscle limb power between treatment group and control group was obtained Fcount 67,628 and significance 0,000 which mean there is difference of influence of training of side jump sprint and scissor jump on explosive power of limb muscle. . Based on the least significant difference (LSD) test results, the side jump sprint training group had a better effect of 44.733 than the scissor jump training on increasing the muscle limb power. It was concluded that; (1) the training of side jump sprints and scissor jumps has an effect on increasing the muscle tone of the leg muscles. (2) there is a difference in the effect of training of side jump sprint and scissor jump on the increase of explosive power of limb muscle. (3) side jump sprint training is better than scissor jump training on increasing the limbs . keyword : side jump sprint, scissor jump, explosive muscle limb power.

scholarly journals Study of sub-clinical endometritis on the basis of endometrial thickness and endometrial cytology in dairy cows after parturition

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
Madhumeet Singh ◽  
Neelam . ◽  
Pravesh Kumar ◽  
P. K. Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Dairy cows assigned to four treatment groups were administered PGF2 analogue (Cloprostenol) on day 8 (n=5), day 25 post partum (n=5), or antibiotic from day 1 to 5 postpartum (n=5), or kept as untreated control (n=5). The monitoring of endometrial thickness of previous gravid and non-gravid uterine horn was performed by transrectal ultrasound scanning on day 43 but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) found between treatment and control group. Endometrial cytology confirmed sub-clinical endometritis in cows under control group based on the mean percentage of PMN cells. Similarly, PMN cells were statistically different (p Lass Than 0.05) between PG8 and control group.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perendaman Kopi Robusta dan Arabika terhadap Kekerasan Resin Komposit Nanofiller

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiska M. Pardosi ◽  
Darmawati A. Indraswari ◽  
Lusiana Batubara ◽  
Nadia Hardini
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract: Nanofiller composite resin has small filler size which enhances its properties. However, these properties could decrease due to several factors. Acidic liquid such as coffee could reduce the hardness of composite resin. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of robusta and arabica coffee immersion on the hardness of nanofiller composite resin. A total of 27 composite resin samples were used and then were polished by using a soflex disc for 30 seconds on each roughness level. Samples were then divided into three groups, as follows: the control group with artificial saliva and the treatment groups with robusta coffee and arabica coffee. The composite resin molds were immersed in the three groups for 5 days. After five days of immersion, the hardness of the sample was tested by using a Vickers hardness tester. Artificial saliva as the control group had the highest mean hardness value of 112.98±8.67 VHN, followed by robusta coffee, and then by arabica coffee. The One Way Anova and post hoc LSD test showed that there were significant differences in all groups (p<0.05) except for the two treatment groups, namely robusta and arabica coffee groups which did not show any significant difference in the resin hardness (p>0.05). In conclusion, robusta and arabica coffee affect the hardness of the nanofiller composite resin, but there is no significant difference in the hardness between the robusta and arabica coffee groups.Keywords: composite resin hardness, nanofiller, robusta coffee, arabica coffee Abstrak: Resin komposit nanofiller memiliki ukuran filler kecil yang dapat meningkatkan fungsinya namun fungsi tersebut dapat menurun oleh beberapa hal. Cairan asam yang dikonsumsi seperti kopi dapat menurunkan kekerasan resin komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman kopi robusta dan arabika terhadap kekerasan resin komposit nanofiller. Sampel resin komposit yang digunakan sebanyak 27 buah dan dilanjutkan dengan pemolesan menggunakan soflex disc selama 30 detik setiap tingkat kekasarannya. Sampel kemudian dibagi dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dengan saliva buatan dan dua kelompok perlakuan dengan kopi robusta dan arabika. Sebanyak 27 buah resin komposit direndam ke dalam tiga kelompok tersebut selama lima hari kemudian diuji kekerasannya dengan vickers hardness tester. Saliva buatan sebagai kelompok kontrol memiliki nilai rerata kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 112,98±8,67 VHN, diikuti kopi robusta, dan nilai terendah yaitu kopi arabika. Hasil uji One Way Anova dan post hoc LSD menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada semua kelompok (p<0,05) kecuali pada kedua kelompok perlakuan yaitu antara kopi robusta dan arabika tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kekerasan yang bermakna (p>0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kopi robusta dan arabika memengaruhi kekerasan resin komposit nanofiller namun tidak terdapat perbedaan kekerasan antara keduanya.Kata kunci: kekerasan resin komposit, nanofiller, kopi robusta, kopi arabika

scholarly journals Effects of L-Carnitine on follicular reserve and Caspase-3 in transplanted mouse ovarian tissue

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shahi Sadrabadi ◽  
Kazem Parivar ◽  
Hussein Imani ◽  
Abdolhussein Shahverdi
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Transplantation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Follicular Reserve ◽  
One Way Anova

Introdution: One of the major challengs in ovarian tissue transplantation is overcomeing ischemia/ reperfusion injuries. During ischemia–reperfusion processes, oxygen free radicals constitute the most important component that induces damage of the grafted tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L-Carnitine (LC) as an antioxidant on heterotopic transplantation of mouse ovarian tissue. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, 5- week old female NMRI mice were divided into four groups: control, transplanted without administration (autograft), sham group (autograft+ saline) and LC group (autograft+ L- carnitine). Left ovarian tissues were transplanted into the Gluteal muscle for 3 weeks. After this time, ovarian tissues from all groups were removed and fixed in formalin for histological studies. Furthermore, rate of Caspase- 3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry test. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring  malondialdehyde (MDA). One-way ANOVA and Tudey test was used to analyze the data using the spss 16 software. Significance was defined as P≤0.0. Results: The study results indicated that total follicular count in transplantedwithout administration and sham groups was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the control and LC groups. In addition, the rate of caspase-3 was decreased in the LC group, but no significant difference existed between all groups (p<0.05). A significant reduction in the concentration of MDA was observed in the LC group than that in the other transplanted groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, LC could improve the ovarian reserve to some extent, but its effect was not significant.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT BLEACHING SYSTEMS ON THE BOND STRENGTH OF LAMINATE VENEER TO ENAMEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ozgun Yusuf Ozyilmaz ◽  
Filiz Aykent ◽  
Ali Riza Tuncdemir ◽  
Haluk Baris Kara
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Unit Group ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

Purpose: The objective of this in-vitro study was to examine the microtensile bond strength of a porcelain laminate veneer (PLV)  to tooth surface bleached with photoactivation by blue light-emitting diode (LED) or diode laser. Methods: Eigthteen extracted human central incisors were randomly divided into three groups. Two sticks were obtained from each tooth (n=12). Before surface treatments; teeth were prepared to provide space for PLVs. The first group teeth were bleached with Whiteness HP  which is contain 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and then photoactivated with  a LED for 20 seconds. The second  group were bleached with Laserwhite 20  which is contain 46% HP and  photoactivated with a diode laser for 30 seconds. The third group received no surface treatment and served as the control group. IPS Esthetic ceramic veneers were luted with Variolink II veneer cement . The teeth were sectioned to obtain porcelain-resin-enamel/dentin sticks and submitted to a MTB testing device. The maximum load at fracture  was recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD post-hoc test at a preset  α of  0.05. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that there was significant difference between LED unit group and control group (p<.05) but  no statistical differences were observed with diode laser group (p>.05)  The LED unit group presented significantly lower bond strength value (6.49±2.3 MPa) than diode laser (8.49±3.1 MPa) and control groups (9.53±2.7 MPa). Conclusion: The results suggested that bleaching therapy with activation by LED or diode laser reduced the bond strength of IPS Esthetic ceramic veneers to tooth surfaces.Keywords: Teeth Bleaching; Photoactivation; Semiconductor lasers; Diode laser; Microtensile.

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