scholarly journals Role of Insulin: Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Gudisa Bereda

The pancreas in a non-diabetic patient invariably produces a lesser quantum of insulin (basal production). Insulin furnishes glucose homeostasis by keeping the plasma glucose worth in an optimum class throughout the day. It assists transport blood glucose into the body cells where the glucose is metabolized to generate energy. Regular insulin is inserted pre-meal to abrupt the postprandial ascend in glucose levels. It figures hexamers after insertion into the subcutaneous space sluggishing its absorption. Ultra-fast acting commences to act 4-7 minutes before regular apidra and lasts for around 3 hours. The absorption rate of lente insulin is downgraded by the extension of zinc to the insulin preparation. Long-acting insulins furnish basal insulin coverage. Atrophy of subcutaneous fat owing to applicability of further greater accumulated insulin preparations of neutral potenz hydrogen.

Author(s):  
K. V. Vybornaya ◽  
A. N. Timonin ◽  
M. M. Semenov ◽  
S. V. Lavrinenko ◽  
R. M. Radzhabkadiev ◽  
...  

Objective: comparative analysis of body composition indicators obtained by two methods of data registration — anthropometry and bioimpedance measurement, and analysis of the distribution of subcutaneous fat on the body of football players in accordance with the playing role.Materials and methods: аnthropometric measurements and bioimpedance studies of body composition were carried out in 24 football players of the Moscow football club of the second division professional football league. The average age of the athletes was 24.16 ± 0.87 years.Results: the survey involved 24 football players of the Moscow football club of the professional football league of the second division. The average age of the players was 24.16 ± 0.87 years. When determining the composition of the body using two methods, it was found that the calculation method and the bioimpedance method give different results. On average, the calculation method shows higher indicators of body fat mass (%FBM = 18.9 ± 1.04) than the bioimpedance method (%FBM = 14.7 ± 0.76), the differences are significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, differences in muscle mass are insignificant — in terms of BIA %SMM = 47.06 ± 0.59, according to the calculation method %SMM = 47.0 ± 0.63 (the differences are unreliable, p > 0.05). There were no differences in the component composition of the body of football players depending on the game role. The topography of subcutaneous fat on the body of athletes-football players has certain patterns, but does not depend on the playing role of athletes.Conclusion: the analysis revealed differences in the body composition data of football players obtained using two registration methods. The data of the study can serve as model criteria for body composition and the distribution of subcutaneous fat on the body of athletes for selection in football activities and for comparative characterization and discussion of the results of similar studies.


Author(s):  
Zaenah Zuhair Alamri

Liver plays an essential role in metabolism and has an important role in preserving and regulating the levels of lipid, glucose in the body as well as energy metabolism. Among the important functions performed by the liver is maintaining of blood glucose levels under different conditions through group of processes included; glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis. The absorbed free fatty acids and those derived from the adipose tissue reach the liver and are utilized for energy, membrane synthesis, or stored as triglyceride. In addition, the liver has a crucial role in keeping homeostasis of body level of cholesterol. Regarding protein metabolism, urea cycle occurs in the liver through the action of urea cycle enzymes to produce urea in order to get rid of the toxic ammonia. In the liver, cholesterol is utilized for bile acids synthesis through a complicated process. These bile acids are considered essential in order to absorb and transport of lipid-soluble vitamins dietary and fat in the diet as well as clearance of drugs, toxic substances and xenobiotics. Adding to these hepatic functions is hepatic detoxification where liver metabolizes a various type of drugs to make soluble execretable compounds. In conclusion, the liver has so important metabolic functions which if impaired will resulted in many liver diseases and might progress to more dangerous conditions such as liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.


Author(s):  
Tazeen Shah ◽  
Saira Dars ◽  
Saima Ashfaque Sheikh ◽  
Farheen Shaikh ◽  
Shafaq Ansari ◽  
...  

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Green tea on obesity and hyperglycemia. Methodology: This observational study was carried out at the department of physiology, in affiliation to Medical Research Centre Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. The sample was collected by convenient random sampling. Total 100 participants, 50 controls and 50 obese diabetics were enrolled. Informed written consent was taken from participants. The body mass index (BMI) of the participants was taken at the time of recruitment, and later at 16 weeks of consuming green tea. The serum glucose levels were assessed by fasting (FBS) and random blood sugar (RBS) levels, and HbA1C. The levels of serum Blood glucose were obtained with the glucose oxidase method. Data analysis was done on SPSS 21.0, analysis of variables was done by applying student t-test, the p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results:100 participants recruited out of which 50 controls and 50 obese diabetics men, it was found that the prolong consumption of green tea for 16 weeks with 20-30 minutes’ walk had statistically significant declined in FBS, RBS, HbA1c, and BMI in the obese diabetic subjects, as compared to the controls. Conclusion: This study concludes that the green tea has positive effect in reducing the total body weight and BMI and helps in maintaining the normoglycemic levels in Type 2 DM.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Krośniak ◽  
Janusz Szklarzewicz ◽  
Ryszard Gryboś ◽  
Barbara Tatar ◽  
Metin Yildirim ◽  
...  

Vanadium is an element that has an effect on improving glucose levels in animals with diabetes. However, its operation is strongly dependent on the chemical structure of compounds of this element. The influence of newly synthesized vanadium compounds on biochemical processes is also unknown. The paper presents the influence of eight new vanadium compounds on organ weights of animals (mice NZO) in whom diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet during 8 weeks. Tested vanadium complexes were administered by 5 weeks. After this time organs were collected and weighed. Tested complexes had a remarkable different effect on organ weights, despite having similar composition ([VO(L)(phen)] and the same co-ligand (1,10-phenanthroline) . This indicate on separate metabolic pathways of these compounds in the body of tested animals and role of the tridentate L Schiff base ligands. The compounds C2, C3 and C5 shoved biggest influence on organs weight and these results suggest influence on the metabolic pathways and therefore are interesting for further investigations.


Author(s):  
Shimaa Mohammed Hasnin Aboelnaga

The role of oxidative stress is known among the patients of diabetes as the level of reactive oxygen species was high among diabetic patients. This oxidative stress is generated in diabetic patients due to continuous high glucose levels that cause to decrease in the defence mechanism for antioxidant enzymes within the body. The reduction of the antioxidant defence mechanism leads towards the generation of hydroxyl radicals consequently results in lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of Vincamine extracts as antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant in diabetic rats. To evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of Vincamine, adult BB Wistar rats, weighing 150- 170 g were obtained and divided in six groups. Blood analysis was taken measure the observed parameters. The findings showed vincamine display antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activity.It is concluded that vincamine hasa protective role and acts as a good antioxidant activity along with effective antidiabetic effects.


2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.


1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.


Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Brian A. Jacobs

In federal criminal cases, federal law requires that judges consider the sentences other courts have imposed in factually similar matters. Courts and parties, however, face significant challenges in finding applicable sentencing precedents because judges do not typically issue written sentencing opinions, and transcripts of sentencings are not readily available in advanced searchable databases. At the same time, particularly since the Supreme Court’s 2005 decision in United States v. Booker, sentencing precedent has come to play a significant role in federal sentencing proceedings. By way of example, this article discusses recent cases involving defendants with gambling addictions, and recent cases involving college admissions or testing fraud. The article explores the ways the parties in those cases have used sentencing precedent in their advocacy, as well as the ways the courts involved have used sentencing precedent to justify their decisions. Given the important role of sentencing precedent in federal criminal cases, the article finally looks at ways in which the body of sentencing law could be made more readily available to parties and courts alike.


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