scholarly journals Congenital Lobar Emphysema in a 17-Day-Old Male Neonate: The Plain Radiographic Features and a Case Report

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Sule MB ◽  
Umar AU ◽  
Gele IH ◽  
Ribah MM ◽  
Aliyu AZ
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Male Neonate ◽  
The Right

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare respiratory disorder which allows air to enter the lungs but can’t escape causing over-inflation of the lobes of the lung. This condition (CLE) is commonly detected in the newborn or young infants but some cases are diagnosed in adulthood. Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare congenital malformation with a prevalence of 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 30, 000, and more prevalent in males, with a male to female ratio of about 3:1. This is a 17 day old male neonate that presented with respiratory difficulty and .had a supine chest radiograph that showed an overinflated left lung field more on the upper and middle zones with flattening of the left hemi diaphragm, marked shift of the heart and mediastinum to the right with some degree of loss of volume involving the right lung. We report the radiographic findings of this case due the rare nature of congenital lobar emphysema.

scholarly journals Congenital lobar emphysema: a rare cause of respiratory distress in a neonate

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Nishant Mittal ◽  
Ankit Parakh ◽  
Prashant Jain ◽  
N. K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Congenital Condition ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Intervention Message ◽  
The Right

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a congenital condition characterized by distension and air trapping of the affected lobe of the lung. It is one of the causes of infantile respiratory distress, which may require surgical resection of affected lobe. Case characteristics: 3-day-old neonate with ventilation refractory respiratory distress. Imaging was suggestive of decreased lung tissue on the right side with ipsilateral mediastinal shift. Intervention/ outcome: Early surgical lobectomy was done to improve lung functions and the child improved dur to early intervention. Message: An early diagnosis with high index of suspicion helps patients with this rare congenital anomaly. Early intervention is the key to good long-term outcome. More awareness about the entity and treatment options available would greatly help improving the outcome and disease burden.

Comparison of chest radiographic findings among HIV positive and negative adults with smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Dar-es-salaam

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
Balowa M. Baraka ◽  
Mboka Jacob ◽  
Ramadhani Kazema ◽  
Tumaini Nagu ◽  
Emmanuel Suluba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Severe Immunosuppression

Background: Chest X-ray radiography is a widely available and cheap imaging modality used for identification of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in suspected patients. Knowledge of discriminatory features of PTB among HIV infected patient is of utmost importance to improve tuberculosis case detection and consequently reduce morbidity and mortality associated with TB among HIV infected individuals. We aimed to describe chest radiographic findings among PTB patients and their association with HIV co-infection and CD4 levels among HIV positive patients.Methodology: A total of 170 newly diagnosed consented smear positive PTB patients underwent postero-anterior Chest radiographs (PA - CXR) and HIV testing. Determination of CD4 count was performed among HIV positive patients. The radiographs were interpreted using glossary of terms for thoracic radiology by two independent radiologists who were blinded to HIV diagnosis.Results: Study participants included 100 (58.9%) males and 70 (41.1%) females. Among these 54 (31.8%) had HIV/PTB co-infection. The pattern of radiographic findings among patients with PTB/HIV compared to PTB only were: pulmonary cavities 44.4% vs 61.2%, (p=0.04), alveolar consolidation 64.9% vs 81.7%, (p=0.04), upper zone consolidation 40.7% vs 57.8%, (p=0.039), middle zone consolidation 25.9% vs 44.8%, (p=0.019) and typical PTB 40.7% vs 57.8%, (p=0.039), respectively. Therefore, lesions were less likely to be observed among PTB/HIV compared to PTB only and the differences were statistically significant. When compared to PTB patients only HIV/PTB co-infected patients had more nodules on the left lung field 85.2% vs 60.9% (p=0.023); on each left lung zone upper 59.3% vs 34.4% (p=0.028); mid 77.8% vs 54.7% (p-value=0.039); lower 66.7% vs 34.4% (p=0.005) and miliary nodules 44.4% vs 15.6% (p=0.003), respectively. HIV/PTB co-infected patients with CD4 > 200 cells/μL had more mid zone consolidation (42.9% vs 15.2%, p=0.024).Conclusion: The commonest chest radiographic findings in HIV/PTB co-infected patients were pulmonary cavities and alveolar consolidation are associated with HIV negative status. HIV/PTB co-infected patients with severe immunosuppression had mid zone consolidation. Patients with severe immunosuppression showed less chest radiographic findings. HIV/PTB co-infection was highly associated with mid and lower zone pulmonary nodules and miliary nodules. Key words: PTB, HIV, CXR

scholarly journals Emergency diagnosis and treatment of congenital lobar emphysema in a puppy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e000592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi F Earley ◽  
Michael E Herrtage ◽  
Jon L Hall
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Emergency Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Lobectomy ◽  
Acute Dyspnoea ◽  
Lobar Emphysema

Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare condition in dogs. A three-month-old pug presented with acute dyspnoea and radiographic findings diagnosed congenital lobar emphysema. Due to the patient’s rapidly deteriorating ventilation, an emergency right middle lung lobectomy was performed and recovery was uneventful. This case report describes the importance of making a prompt and accurate diagnosis of this condition, based on radiographic findings, to facilitate immediate treatment.

scholarly journals Fatal congenital lobar emphysema in a puerpera: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanyi Gan ◽  
Liang Xia ◽  
Yushang Yang ◽  
Qiang Pu ◽  
Lunxu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Left Hemithorax ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Congenital lobal emphysema (CLE) is a developmental lung abnormality usually diagnosed in the neonatal period and is rarely observed in adults. Adults with CLE are usually asymptomatic and only a small fraction may present with coughing, recurrent pneumonia and respiratory distress. In imaging studies, the most frequently affected lobe of CLE is the left upper lobe, followed by the right middle lobe. However, multilobar involvement with severe mediastinal shift is extremely rare. Case presentation We report a case of fatal CLE in a 28-year-old puerpera with postpartum respiratory failure. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed emphysema of the right upper, middle and lower lobes resulting in adjacent atelectasis. Hyperinflation of the right upper lobe crossed the midline, leading to a deviation of the mediastinal structure to the left hemithorax and severe compression of the left lung. Conclusions Early and timely diagnosis of CLE with routine follow-up is necessary for patients. CLE, especially with multilobar involvement or mediastinal shift, could be life-threatening and should be promptly and aggressively treated to prevent severe complications.

scholarly journals Congenital lobar emphysema: 30-year case series in two university hospitals

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina Cataneo ◽  
Olavo Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Erica Nishida Hasimoto ◽  
Aurelino Fernandes Schmidt Jr ◽  
Antonio Jose Maria Cataneo
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Case Series ◽  
X Rays ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Lateral Muscle ◽  
Lobar Emphysema

OBJECTIVE: To review the cases of patients with congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) submitted to surgical treatment at two university hospitals over a 30-year period. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of children with CLE undergoing surgical treatment between 1979 and 2009 at the Botucatu School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas or the Mogi das Cruzes University Hospital. We analyzed data regarding symptoms, physical examination, radiographic findings, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: During the period studied, 20 children with CLE underwent surgery. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.9 months (range, 9 days to 4 years). All of the cases presented with symptoms at birth or during the first months of life. In all cases, chest X-rays were useful in defining the diagnosis. In cases of moderate respiratory distress, chest CT facilitated the diagnosis. One patient with severe respiratory distress was misdiagnosed with hypertensive pneumothorax and underwent chest tube drainage. Only patients with moderate respiratory distress were submitted to bronchoscopy, which revealed no tracheobronchial abnormalities. The surgical approach was lateral muscle-sparing thoracotomy. The left upper and middle lobes were the most often affected, followed by the right upper lobe. Lobectomy was performed in 18 cases, whereas bilobectomy was performed in 2 (together with bronchogenic cyst resection in 1 of those). No postoperative complications were observed. Postoperative follow-up time was at least 24 months (mean, 60 months), and no late complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although CLE is an uncommon, still neglected disease of uncertain etiology, the radiological diagnosis is easily made and surgical treatment is effective.

scholarly journals Iatrogenic pneumothorax in a 4-week-old girl: new diagnosis of congenital lobar emphysema

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e233302
Author(s):  
Ashley Reed ◽  
Sandra Fernandes Lucas ◽  
Agnieszka Nowacka ◽  
Chukwubuike Eze
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Chest Drain ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Apex Beat ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Diagnosis

A 4-week-old female patient presented with severe respiratory distress, hypoxia and apnoeic episodes on a background of a few-day history of coryza and cough. There was significantly reduced air entry on the left side and a displacement of the apex beat to the right of the chest. The examination findings with oxygen desaturations and a right-sided mediastinal shift on chest X-ray led to a diagnosis of tension pneumothorax following which a needle thoracentesis was undertaken. This appeared to worsen the patient’s clinical condition; hence, a chest drain was inserted with unsatisfactory clinical improvement. In view of the presentation and lack of clinical improvement after chest drain insertion, the case was transferred to the paediatric respiratory team in a tertiary centre where the diagnosis was revised to congenital lobar emphysema based on chest computer tomography findings. She subsequently benefited from a left upper lobectomy and lingulectomy and was discharged home 4 days after surgery.

scholarly journals Congenital lobar emphysema mimicking as persistent pneumonia in a newborn

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriparna Basu ◽  
Aditya Kumar Gupta ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Female Baby ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is an uncommon congenital malformation of the lung that can present with respiratory distress in early life. We report a full term female baby who presented with intermittent bluish discoloration of the lips and extremities during crying since birth. An initial diagnosis of left sided collapse-consolidation with right-sided compensatory emphysema was made from chest xray. When no improvement was noted after intravenous antibiotic therapy for 7 days, computerized tomographic scan of thorax was done which showed emphysema of the right middle lobe with transherniation and mediastinal shift to the left. Right middle lobectomy was done and postoperative period was uneventful. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of CLE. CLE can mimic more common causes of respiratory distress in neonatal period and needs a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Early diagnosis and effective surgical treatment is curative.

Recurrent croup in a young child: look beyond airways disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e236605
Author(s):  
Saurav Jain ◽  
Taruna Yadav ◽  
Prawin Kumar ◽  
Jagdish Prasad Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
Ct Angiogram ◽  
Breath Sounds ◽  
Cardiac Apex ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Chest Examination ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

We reported here a boy aged 5 years who presented for the evaluation of recurrent croup since infancy. On chest examination, breath sounds were reduced throughout the right lung field with a shifting of the trachea and cardiac apex to the right side. The chest radiograph showed a small right lung with decreased vascularity, hyperinflated left lung and mediastinum shifted towards the right side. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed tracheomalacia with left bronchomalacia due to external pulsatile compression. In CT angiogram, the right pulmonary artery (PA) was absent with dilated left PA. Echocardiography did not show any features of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Since the child was growing well, and there was no limitation of activity and evidence of PAH, he was managed conservatively and kept on follow-up. Though unilateral absent PA is a rare condition, it should be suspected in children with unilateral hypoplastic lung.

Radiographic, computed tomographic and histopathological characteristics of multilobar congenital pulmonary emphysema in a puppy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001125
Author(s):  
Sarah Bouyssou ◽  
Inigo Sanz ◽  
Francesco Marchesi ◽  
Caroline Eivers
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Labrador Retriever ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Lobar Emphysema

A 10-week-old male entire Labrador retriever was presented for evaluation of acute-onset coughing and respiratory distress. Radiographic and CT examination of the thorax revealed the presence of multifocal and numerous gas-filled cystic lesions throughout the lung field and a mild pneumothorax. Gross pathological and histopathological findings were consistent with congenital lobar emphysema due to bronchial cartilage dysplasia/hypoplasia and possible congenital bronchiectasis. This is the first report describing combined radiographic and CT characteristics of a rare case of multilobar congenital pulmonary emphysema in a puppy.

scholarly journals A case report of congenital lobar emphysema

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Aditya K. ◽  
Parvathi K. ◽  
Prabhakar V.
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lung Lobectomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alveolar Overdistension ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
The Right

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), also known as congenital alveolar overdistension, is a developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract that is characterized by hyperinflation of one or more of the pulmonary lobes. CLE is a rare congenital malformation with a prevalence of 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 30,000. We are reporting a 4-month-old boy presented with complaints of cough and cold for 3 days with history of similar complaints in the past at age of 1month and 2 months. Investigations revealed hyperlucency of left upper zone with tracheal shift and mild shift of the heart to the right. Elective Left Upper Lung Lobectomy was done and Appropriate supportive therapy given and child recovered well.

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