scholarly journals Several Alkaloids Derived from Plants and Their Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Action in the Fight Against Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Siribhorn Madla ◽  
Potchanapond Graidist
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Potential Use

Multidrug resistance is one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy, which causes cancer to remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, the use of natural products for cancer prevention and therapy has been continuously investigated and developed for decades. Alkaloids are one of the important compounds derived from natural products that have been extensively studied for their potential use as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic drugs in both in vitro and animal studies. This short review intends to present the molecular mechanisms of action of alkaloids on stimulation and inhibition some signaling molecules involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis and apoptosis pathways of cancer cells. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of alkaloids against cancer will provide clues towards a diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic applications. Based on the information provided in this article, alkaloids show remarkable potential as anticancer agents. However, more research and clinical trials are crucial before applying any of these alkaloids as new medicine to treat cancer patients. 

scholarly journals Emerging Antitumor Activities of the Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Fei Fang ◽  
Lynn Froetscher ◽  
Morten Scheibye-Knudsen ◽  
Vilhelm A. Bohr ◽  
Jack Ho Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Anti Hiv

Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a common vegetable in Asia and it is distinctive for its bitter taste. As an ingredient in folk medicine, research from different laboratories in recent years supports its potential medicinal applications with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-HIV activities in both in vitro and animal studies. In this short review, we summarize herein the recent progress in the antitumor aspect of bitter melon with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Further mechanistic studies as well as clinical trials are necessary to further verify its medicinal applications.

scholarly journals The Role of Natural Products in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Knowledge of Basic In Vitro and In Vivo Research

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou ◽  
Vasiliki Gougoula ◽  
Eugenia Bezirtzoglou ◽  
Christos Kontogiorgis ◽  
Theodoros K. Constantinides
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Publication Date

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder affecting a vast variety of the population. The onset of RA as well as the development of systematic immunization is affected by both genetic and environmental risk factors. This review aims to point out the role of natural products in the management of RA, focusing on the reports of basic research (in vitro and animal studies) emphasizing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties considered in the field of RA. A systematic screening of the relevant literature was carried out on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus with the following criteria: publication date, 2015–2020; language, English; study design, in vitro or animal models; and the investigation of one or several natural products in the context of RA, including, when available, the molecular mechanisms implicated. A total of 211 papers were initially obtained and screened. In vitro and animal studies referring to 20 natural products and 15 pure compounds were ultimately included in this review. The outcomes of this work provide an overview of the methods employed in basic research over the past five years, with emphasis on the limitations presented, while demonstrating the potential benefits of utilizing natural products in the management of RA as supported by in vitro and animal studies.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽  
Azizah Ugusman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

scholarly journals Natural products with therapeutic potential in melanoma metastasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1170-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. AlQathama ◽  
J. M. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Melanoma Metastasis ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds

Natural products continue to provide lead cytotoxic compounds for cancer treatment but less attention has been given to antimigratory compounds. We here systematically and critically survey more than 30 natural products with direct in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects on migration and/or metastasis of melanoma cells and chart the mechanisms of action for this underexploited property.

The application of Ussing chambers for determining the impact of microbes and probiotics on intestinal ion transport

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Lomasney ◽  
Niall P. Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intestinal Ion Transport

Host–microbe interactions have gained considerable attention in recent years with regards to their role in various organic disorders and diseases. In particular, research efforts have focused on the intestinal microbiota, where the largest and most diverse populations not only co-exist with the host, but also directly influence the state and function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Moreover, both human and animal studies alike are now beginning to show a positive influence of probiotic bacteria on GI disorders associated with diarrhoea or constipation. Diarrheagenic GI diseases, such as those caused by Vibreo cholera or enterpathogenic Eschericia coli, have well-characterised interactions with the host that explain much of the observed symptoms, in particular severe diarrhoea. However, the mechanisms of action of nonpathogenic bacteria or probiotics on host physiology are less clearly understood. In the context of defining the mechanisms of action of probiotics in vitro, the Ussing chamber has proven to be a particularly useful tool. Here, we will present data from several studies that have defined molecular targets for microbes and putative probiotics in the regulation of intestinal secretory and absorptive function, and we will discuss these in the context of their application in pathogen- or inflammation-induced alterations in intestinal ion transport.

scholarly journals Apoptotic or Antiproliferative Activity of Natural Products against Keratinocytes for the Treatment of Psoriasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse-Hung Huang ◽  
Chwan-Fwu Lin ◽  
Ahmed Alalaiwe ◽  
Shih-Chun Yang ◽  
Jia-You Fang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Psoriasis Therapy

Natural products or herbs can be used as an effective therapy for treating psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disease that involves keratinocyte overproliferation. It has been demonstrated that phytomedicine, which is used for psoriasis patients, provides some advantages, including natural sources, a lower risk of adverse effects, and the avoidance of dissatisfaction with conventional therapy. The herbal products’ structural diversity and multiple mechanisms of action have enabled the synergistic activity to mitigate psoriasis. In recent years, the concept of using natural products as antiproliferative agents in psoriasis treatment has attracted increasing attention in basic and clinical investigations. This review highlights the development of an apoptotic or antiproliferatic strategy for natural-product management in the treatment of psoriasis. We systematically introduce the concepts and molecular mechanisms of keratinocyte-proliferation inhibition by crude extracts or natural compounds that were isolated from natural resources, especially plants. Most of these studies focus on evaluation through an in vitro keratinocyte model and an in vivo psoriasis-like animal model. Topical delivery is the major route for the in vivo or clinical administration of these natural products. The potential use of antiproliferative phytomedicine on hyperproliferative keratinocytes suggests a way forward for generating advances in the field of psoriasis therapy.

Biodiversity as a source of new pharmacophores: A new theory of memory III

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
M. Iqbal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
In Vitro Bioassay ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Brain

Several classes of natural products with significant inhibitory activity against target enzymes involved in several diseases have been identified. Spectrophotometer and high-throughput assays were used to assess the inhibition of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP), which led us to some novel inhibitors having potential as anticancer agents. Inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes has led to the discovery of new inhibitors with potential for use in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders. We have also discovered several potent antioxidant agents from natural sources by using a battery of antioxidant assays. Anti-inflammatory activity of a number of natural products was assayed through a cell-based in vitro bioassay. This article also contains a section on a slightly different topic of chemical basis of memory as presented during the lecture. The theory of the chemical basis of memory based on hydrogen bonding in the brain is further elaborated.

Thiazole in the targeted anticancer drug discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1929-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adileh Ayati ◽  
Saeed Emami ◽  
Setareh Moghimi ◽  
Alireza Foroumadi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Anticancer Drug Discovery

Cancer is known as one of the main causes of death in the world; and many compounds have been synthesized to date with potential use in cancer therapy. Thiazole is a versatile heterocycle, found in the structure of many drugs in use as well as anticancer agents. This review provides an overview of recent advances in thiazole-bearing compounds as anticancer agents with particular emphasis on their mechanism of action in cancerous cells. Chemical designs, structure–activity relationships and relevant preclinical properties have been comprehensively described.

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