Annotation. The protective forces of newborns born prematurely, with low body weight under conditions of infection, are not capable of an adequate response. The aim of our study was to study some of the features of premature infants with low birth weight at the background of intrauterine infection. The first group consisted of 67 stories of premature babies born with low birth weight (LBW) from 1500 to 2500 g and gestational age 32–35 weeks (average gestational age — 34±2 weeks). It was revealed that a feature of the temperature homeostasis of children of group I is the establishment and maintenance of a temperature gradient, that is, the difference between central and peripheral temperatures, which ranged from 1,100 C to 1,500 C at the age of 6–7 days. It was found that the dynamics of the temperature gradient in the neonatal period is very often depended on the presence of perinatal pathology, namely, hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system. The regularities of temperature homeostasis in children of the second group are characterized, which amounted to 27 newborns with gestational age 38–40 weeks of gestation, birth weight 2600–3200 g without a clinic of respiratory disorders and neurological symptoms. On the 4th–5th day after birth, these children were discharged home under the supervision of a family doctor. In group II children who, after 1.5–2.5 months, were admitted to the neonatal pathology department diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infections: acute rhinopharyngitis or bronchitis, the temperature gradient ranged from 2.100 С to 3.500 С. In children, an increase in central temperature or a decrease in peripheral temperature was observed. It was found that with effective treatment on days 4–6, the temperature gradient was always constant and amounted to 1.500 С to 1.700 С. To identify the cause of the disease in the I and II groups, studies of blood, mucus from the pharynx and nose, and secretions from the trachea were performed. For this, we used the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bacteriological methods of research. The effect of intrauterine infection, the colonization of pathogenic intestinal microflora was evaluated, a low Apgar score of 1 and 5, the presence of respiratory disorders, hyporeflexia, a decrease in thymus, leukocytosis of more than 10 thousand, leukopenia of less than 4 thousand, neutrophilia with a shift to the left, which are very dangerous, were taken into account for premature babies and require respiratory support, colonization of the intestines with bifidobacterium and the use of immunocorrective therapy (venoimun at a dose of 0.4 ml / kg every other day for 3–5 days), which gives good results for nursing preterm infants.
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF THE CONGENITAL PNEUMONIA IN NEWBORNS (LITERATURE REVIEW - PART 1)
