scholarly journals ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FIREPROOF COMPOSITIONS FOR STRUCTURES WITH TEXTILE FUEL PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Yu. Tsapko ◽  
◽  
А. Tsapko ◽  
O. Bondarenko ◽  
M. Suhanevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Coke Layer ◽  
Sample Damage ◽  
Textile Products

The results of experimental studies on the effectiveness of fire protection of easily erected structures made of flammable textile products are presented. An analysis of the directions of use of easily erected structures made of flammable textile products indicates a steady trend towards an increase in their use during the temporary fulfillment of certain tasks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and units of the. During the heating of such structures, ignition and rapid spread of fire are possible. The operating statistics for easily erected structures have found a low level of safety due to the use of natural fibers (e.g., linen, cotton and blends), which are highly sensitive to heat and fire. Reduction of combustibility and the development of non-combustible and non-combustible materials is one of the main directions for preventing fires and solving the problem of expanding the scope of these materials. Treatment with fire protection means significantly affects the spread of the flame, allows you to reduce the smoke-generating ability and heat release significantly. After the test, it can be seen that the sample of the textile material sustains spontaneous combustion for more than 5 s; sample damage is more than 150 mm. After the test, it is clear that the sample of textile material does not support self-combustion for no more than 5 s; sample damage is no more than 100 mm. The inhibition of the process of ignition and flame propagation for such a sample is associated with the decomposition of fire retardants under the influence of temperature with the absorption of heat and the release of incombustible gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide), a change in the direction of decomposition towards the formation of incombustible gases and a hardly combustible coke residue. This leads to an increase in the thickness of the coke layer and inhibition of the heat transfer of the high-temperature flame to the material, which indicates the possibility of the transition of textile materials during processing with a fire retardant composition to materials that are non-combustible, which do not spread the flame by the surface.

scholarly journals Determination of the time of ignition of plant raw under the high temperature of the radiation panel

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Lomaha ◽  
O. Yu. Tsapko ◽  
Yu. V. Tsapko ◽  
O. P. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Thermal Action ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Operational Parameters

Reducing the fire prevention of timber is not only an economic task, but also has a social and environmental focus. From economic, technological and environmental perspective, an important problem in ensuring the viability and safe operation of construction sites is the development of fire-retardant coatings for wooden structures. The construction is increasingly looking for new highly effective means of fire protection of wood and wood products which should not only ensure the standardized fire resistance of wood, but also to maintain its operational parameters to solve environmental safety and durability. Studies of the effect of the radiation panel on the ignition of the wood sample have set the parameters of the flame ignition, which makes it possible to influence this process. It is proved that they consist in the formation of a layer of organic material on the surface, which provides heating to a critical temperature, when the intensive decomposition of the material begins with the release of the required amount of combustible gases and their ignition. This makes it possible to determine the effect of fire protection and the properties of protective compositions on the process of slowing down the rate of burning of wood. Experimental studies have confirmed that the untreated sample of wood, under the thermal action of the radiation panel has taken up, the flames spread over the entire surface, which led to its combustion. The application of a fire retardant varnish under the influence of temperature leads to a layer of foam coke and inhibition of heat transfer of high-temperature flame to the material and its ignition. Thanks to this, it became possible to determine the conditions for changing the parameters of combustion and braking during fire protection of wood, by forming a barrier for thermal conductivity. Thus, there is reason to argue for the possibility of directional control of the processes of fire protection of wood by the use of fireproof coatings that can form a protective layer on the surface of the material, which slows down the rate of burning of wood.

Investigation of the Effect of Fillers on the Properties of the Expanded Coke Layer of Epoxyamine Compositions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Hryhorenko ◽  
Yevheniia Zolkina ◽  
Natalia Vyacheslavovna Saienko ◽  
Yuri Viktorovich Popov
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Linear Coefficient ◽  
Epoxy Oligomers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coke Layer

Intumescent fire-retardant coatings based on epoxy resins, compared to traditional fire-retardant compositions, have improved performance properties – high strength, chemical and atmospheric resistance, adhesion to many materials. However, unmodified epoxy polymers are combustible and to obtain IFR based on them, flame retardants and mineral fillers are added to their composition. Intumescent systems for flame retardant coatings based on epoxy oligomers (non-halogen-containing) usually consist of ammonium or ammophos polyphosphate as an acidic agent and a wide range of fillers, both inert and gaseous, or which are an additional source of carbon. Each component of the fire-retardant intimate coating in different ways affects the processes of coke formation, which determines the requirements for their choice. Thus, the aim of this work is to conduct experimental studies of the dependence of the characteristics of the expanded coke layer on the composition of the intumescent epoxyamine composition. The results of experimental studies of the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and binary mixtures of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with aluminum hydroxide (AH), sodium tetraborate decahydrate (STD), titanium oxide TiO2 (TO), pentaerythritol (P), aerosil (A) and expandable graphite are presented (EG) on the multiplicity of expanding and weight loss of epoxy compositions at study temperatures of 350, 400 and 450°C. Studies have shown that the production of intumescent flame retardant coatings based on epoxy oligomers is possible provided they are filled with ammonium polyphosphate in an amount of more than 20 mass parts. The most effective in terms of expanding are additives titanium oxide and aluminum hydroxide in an amount of 20 mass parts, which allows to obtain intumescent fire-retardant coatings with a linear coefficient of expanding 30-32 and 24-27, respectively, throughout the range of temperatures. The obtained data are useful in the development of fire-retardant coatings based on epoxy oligomers.

scholarly journals Regularities in the washing out of water-soluble phosphorus-ammonium salts from the fire-protective coatings of timber through a polyurethane shell

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10 (110)) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Yuriy Tsapko ◽  
Roman Vasylyshyn ◽  
Oleksandr Melnyk ◽  
Vasyl Lomaha ◽  
Аleksii Tsapko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Fire Retardants

The analysis of fire-protective materials for wooden building structures was carried out and the need to develop reliable methods for studying the process of washing out fire retardants from the surface of the building structure, which is necessary for the creation of new types of fire-protective materials, was established. That is why there arises a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for washing out and to establish a mechanism for inhibition of moisture transmission to the material. In this regard, a mathematical model was built of washing out fire retardants using a polymeric shell made of organic material as a coating, which makes it possible to estimate the effectiveness of a polymer shell by the amount of the washed-out fire retardant. According to the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the dynamics of the release of fire retardants from the fire-protective layer of the coating was calculated; it did not exceed 1.0 %, and therefore, ensures fire protection of timber. The results of determining the weight loss of the sample under the influence of water indicate the ambiguous impact of the nature of protection on the washout. In particular, this implies the availability of data sufficient for performing a high-quality process of moisture diffusion inhibition and, based on it, detection of the moment, from which a decrease in efficiency of a coating begins. The experimental studies proved that a sample of fire-protected timber after exposure to water for 30 days withstood the influence of a heat flow. In particular, the loss of timber weight after the temperature exposure was less than 6 %, and the temperature of flue gases did not exceed 185 °C. Thus, there is a reason to assert the possibility of directed control of the processes of fire protection of timber through the use of polymer coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of fire-protected material, which inhibits the rate of washing out the fire retardants

scholarly journals SPECIAL ASPECTS OF FIRE RETARDANT COMPOSITION SELECTION FOR TEXTILE MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
N. I. Konstantinova ◽  
T. Yu. Eremina ◽  
E. A. Nikolaeva ◽  
M. M. Almenbaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Stage Of Development

Introduction. In order to reduce the fire hazard of textile materials (TM), scientific research is being carried out for the development of various methods of their fire protection. One of the directions in the field of decorative finishing TM with reduced flammability is their surface treatment with fire retardant compositions. Along with the development of fire retardants for TM, it is quite legitimate to study the effects of tissue on human skin, when in contact.Methods. At the stage of development of fire retardant compositions for surface treatment and the choice of the technology of their application, it is necessary to take into account the functional purpose of the TM, the scope of application and operational requirements.Discussion. In developing a fire retardant composition for surface treatment of TM that are in contact with human skin, the authors proposed the use of a number of phosphorus-containing compounds, which are effective fire retardants. However, a significant disadvantage of such compounds is their instability, decomposition and dissociation over time, which leads to irritation of the skin in direct contact with the material. Therefore, research has been carried out and optimal chemical compositions of stabilizers, buffer solutions and their ratios in the fire retardant have been selected. Their use for surface treatment of TM on acellulosic basis makes the TM resistant to ignition and does not adversely affect the skin of a person in direct contact.Conclusions. Based on the experimental data obtained, it follows that one of the possible ways to solve the problem of developing effective fire protection means that meet the requirements of normative documents in the field of fire safety and sanitary hygiene may be modification of compounds based on carbamide compounds with the selection of appropriate stabilizers and buffer solutions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FIRE-PROTECTIVE ABILITY OF NEWLY CREATED FIRE-PROTECTIVE COATINGS OF STEEL STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
A. Kovalov ◽  
◽  
Y. Otrosh ◽  
V. Tomenko ◽  
O. Vasylyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Thermophysical Characteristics ◽  
Standard Temperature

Abstract. The results of the development of fire-retardant substances based on domestic materials to increase the fire resistance of fire-retardant steel structures are presented. New compositions of fire-retardant substances on the basis of domestic materials capable of swelling are developed. A series of experimental studies to determine the heating temperature of fire-resistant steel structures. For this purpose, samples of reduced size in the form of a steel plate with a flame retardant applied to the heating surface were used. Fire tests of fire-retardant steel plates coated with the developed fire-retardant substance forming a coating on the protected surface, in the conditions of their tests on the standard temperature of the fire using the installation to determine the fire-retardant ability of fire-retardant coatings. The results of experimental determination of temperature from an unheated surface of steel plates with a fire-retardant covering in the conditions of fire influence at a standard temperature mode of a fire are analyzed. Based on the obtained data (temperature in the furnace and from the unheated surface of steel plates with fire protection system) the solution of the inverse problems of thermal conductivity found thermophysical characteristics of fire protection coating (thermal conductivity and specific volume), which can be used for thermal calculation heating of fire-retardant steel structures at arbitrary fire temperatures. The thermophysical characteristics of the formed fire-retardant coating are substantiated to find the characteristics of the fire-retardant ability of the newly created fire-retardant coating and to ensure the fire resistance of fire-retardant steel structures. The efficiency of the developed fire-retardant coating for protection of steel structures is proved.

Study of the Behavior of the Fire-Retardant Seals Under Thermal Exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
T.A. Budykina ◽  
◽  
E.B. Anosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Loads ◽  
Temperature Heating

The results are presented concerning the experimental studies of the behavior of fire-retardant seals produced by the Ogneza group of companies under thermal exposure up to 1000 °C, obtained by the method of synchronous thermal analysis (thermogravimetry together with the differential scanning calorimetry). Incombustible properties of the M-СORE (NG) seal were confirmed, which showed a decrease in the mass of the material when heated to 1000 °C by 11%, which is due to the mineral composition of the sample (a silica-based material). High thermal stability was shown by the fire-fighting seal M-CORE, the decrease in the mass of the sample of which, after reaching a temperature of 555 °C, stops at 37 %, which indicates the formation of an ash residue. Thermal sealing tape LTU, as a result of the temperature heating starting from a mark of 192 °C, uniformly was losing mass up to a total value of 82 %. The experiment established the sealant swelling. According to the experimental data obtained, the samples M-CORE (NG) confirmed the fire-retardant properties declared by the manufacturer. For the selection of heat-resistant materials that can withstand significant temperature loads during the operation of units and mechanisms, for electrical and thermal insulation, for fire protection of air ducts, equipment, structures, the advantages, and reliability of these seals are obvious. The results of the study (the temperature of the beginning of an intensive decrease in mass, the temperature of the onset of thermal effects accompanying a decrease in mass, the behavior of materials under thermal exposure) can be considered when designing heat and electrical insulation, fire protection of production processes, as well as when determining the level of fire risk of the production facilities.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROPHOBIC COATING ON THE EFFICIENCY OF FIRE PROTECTION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Yu. Tsapko ◽  
◽  
O. Bondarenko ◽  
А. Tsapko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Hydrophobic Coating ◽  
Heat Penetration ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Fabric Structures

Abstract. The analysis of fire-retardant materials for fabrics is carried out and it is established that the paucity of data for explanation and description of the process of fire protection, neglect of elastic coatings, leads to ignition of fabric structures under the action of flame. The development of reliable methods for studying the conditions of fire protection of fabrics leads to the creation of new types of fire protective materials. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier both for high temperatures and for leaching in the presence of precipitation and to establish a mechanism for inhibition of these processes. In this regard, full-scale tests were carried out and it was found out that when the flame is applied to untreated model samples of tent elements made of canvas fabric, the surface ignites and spreads the flame, which leads to their complete combustion within 105...120 s, instead, the model The fire-resistant sample of tent elements did not catch fire when ignited with a gasoline-based substance, and the flame did not spread. In this case, the final combustion was recorded for 3 c and the swelling of the protective coating reached 3...5 mm, and the surface was charred on an area of about 80% from the inside. When tested for fire retardant efficiency for a fire-resistant sample treated with a water repellent (5 % solution of GDJ-94), a decrease in efficiency and carbonization of the material was recorded, which amounted to 100%, and for a fire-resistant sample treated with a water repellent (5 % solution), a decrease in efficiency was recorded due to the combustion of paraffin and local burnout of the material, and carbonization was 100 %. Obviously, such a mechanism of influence of the fire-retardant coating is the factor regulating the process, which preserves the integrity of the object. Thus, there is reason to argue about the possibility of targeted regulation of the processes of fire protection of the fabric by applying coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of heat penetration.

scholarly journals Procedure for constructing a mathematical model to determine the time of the initial stage of fire evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10 (109)) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Sergii Zhartovskyi ◽  
Olexander Titenko ◽  
Oksana Kyrychenko ◽  
Ievgen Tyshchenko ◽  
Roman Motrichuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Physicochemical Processes ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Modeling Data ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

To develop appropriate measures and means of fire protection at facilities, it is relevant to form an idea of the phenomenology of the processes of the occurrence, evolution, and termination of combustion. This paper proposes procedures for building mathematical models of the energy component of those physicochemical processes that occur in wood under the influence of fire, which make it possible to determine the time from the beginning of such an impact to the onset of the phase of flame combustion. The adequacy of mathematical modeling was tested experimentally at a standardized installation for studying flame propagation over the surface of wood. The samples used for the reported theoretical and experimental studies were the specimens of unprotected wood made from 20-mm-thick pine sapwood with a density of 400‒550 kg/m3. The samples of fireproof wood (of the same variety, thickness, and density) were impregnated with a fire retardant based on diammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate (at consumption of 168.2 g/m2 of dry fire-retardant components). The modeling employed the results from the experimental determining of the ignition temperature of unprotected and fire-proof wood, specifically: 235 °C – for unprotected wood, 410 °C – for fire-proof wood, respectively. The results of mathematical modeling and experimental studies confirm the possibility of significant lengthening of time from the onset of fire exposure to the ignition of fire load from wood when nitrogen-phosphorus impregnating agents are used for fire protection. Procedures of mathematical modeling have been proposed to build models for determining the cooling effect from the use of impregnating fire retardants to protect the wood on the prolongation of the stage of a fire start. Mathematical modeling data could be applied when making impregnating fire retardants

Treated Textile Electrostatic Properties Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
I.V. Cherunova ◽  
S.S. Tashpulatov ◽  
S.V. Kurenova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Electrostatic Properties ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Water Proofing ◽  
Textile Fabric

In the article research results are presented, which aim to provide treated textile electrostatic properties study. In the article research results are presented, which aim to provide find out abilities of an anti-electrostatic treatment and binding agents for it in treatment of special textile materials and their dependance from modes of operating textile washing. Results of determine a composition and abilities of a functional impregnation; develop a method to study values of electrostatic field for tribocharging conditions of textile materialsare; experimental studies of electrostatic values of materials with functional treatment depending on operating washing modes also presented here. Study results allowed to establish efficiency of the proposed combination of anti-electrostatic active composition based on 5 % solution of dialkyldimethylammonium chloride with a binding agent with the effect to preserve the treatment in the material structure and content of which is 4 % in application of textile fabric with widely used fiber content (cotton 53 %, polyester + oil and water-proofing finish). Acrylic dispersion is stable film-forming component suitable in preserving anti-electrostatic treatment on the surface of a textile material. The research was made in Don State Technical University within the framework of State Assignment of the Ministry of education and science of Russia under the project 11.9194.2017/BCh.

Investigation of Gas Formation Processes in Cotton Fabrics Impregnated with Binary Compositions of Ethyl Silicate - Flame Retardant System

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 460-467
Author(s):  
Olga Skorodumova ◽  
Olena Tarakhno ◽  
Olena Chebotaryova ◽  
Dmitriy Saveliev ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Emen
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Ethyl Silicate ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

The use of complex fire-retardant coatings based on ethyl silicate gel - diammonium hydrogen phosphate reduces the process of smoke formation during thermal exposure to treated tissue samples, which is promising for improving the fire safety of textile materials. The compositions are easy to obtain, they do not require specific processing conditions, do not contain toxic substances. This allows us to offer developed compositions for fire protection of textile materials used in facilities with a large number of people.

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