scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CORE GLOW INTENSITY AND TEST RESULTSOF PRODUCTIVE ZEOLITE-CONTAINING ROCKS OF SORTYM FORMATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
N. V. Gilmanova ◽  
R. Z. Livaev ◽  
E. S. Bazhenova
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
The Core ◽  
Glow Intensity ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
The Dead

The article deals with the results of studied structure features of reservoirs in productive zeolite-containing rocks. We have established that the content of pelite fraction and carbonate content have impact on the deterioration of reservoir properties, and the development of zeolitization is characteristic for zones of improved reservoir properties.It is shown that the presence of the core glow in the ultraviolet light for zeolite-containing rocks doesn’t guarantee the receipt of the product during testing and will depend on the thickness ratio with different intensity of luminescence. The change in wettability of the rock in the reservoir conditions, an increase in the share of residual oil, and the presence of oil in the dead-end pores are the most likely explanation for the described situation. If the core luminescence is «weak», the product from the reservoir can only be obtained by applying special impact methods.

Displacement of oil by Solvent at High Water Saturation

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.I. Stalkup
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Berea Sandstone ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dead End

Abstract Displacements of laboratory oils by propane in long, consolidated sandstone cores in the presence of high water saturations have shown that oil recoveries approaching 100 percent may be realized by continuous water-propane injection, even for oil saturations close to residual oil. However, it was often necessary to inject many pore volumes of solvent to attain this high a recovery. Initial oil saturations were established by injecting water and oil at a constant ratio into the porous medium containing residual oil to a waterflood until a steady state was obtained. Propane and water were then injected in the same fixed ratio to displace the oil. These and other experiments indicate that in the presence of a high water saturation only part of the presence of a high water saturation only part of the oil is flowable. Part resides in locations that are blocked by water, and the oil in these stagnant locations is not flowable. This nonflowable oil, it is believed, can be recovered by molecular diffusion into the flowing propane of a water-propane displacement. Values for the saturation of hydrocarbon that is contained in the stagnant locations and values for the ratio of the longitudinal hydrodynamic-dispersion coefficient to displacement velocity were determined at various water saturations in the test sandstones. The data suggest that rock wettability may influence the stagnant saturation and that stagnant oil saturations may not be as large in reservoir rocks as they are observed to be in laboratory sandstones. Mass transfer between the flowing solvent and hydrocarbon components in the stagnant saturation was expressed by a first-order rate expression. Rough values for the mass transfer coefficients for the propane-trimethylhexane hydrocarbon pair were estimated from experiments. Computations using these values for mass transfer coefficients indicate that experiments in laboratory-size cores may show much poorer displacement efficiency than that which might actually occur in the field. Introduction Injection of water with light hydrocarbon solvents is a technique that may be used to partially control solvent mobility. The higher water saturation forced by water injection reduces the permeability to solvent flow, and the mobility of the solvent region is reduced relative to that of the oil-bank region. However, it also might be expected that this higher water saturation influences the microscopic unit displacement of oil by solvent to some degree. For example, as discussed by Thomas et al., two possible effects of high water saturation on the displacement mechanism come to mind. First, a miscible displacement in the presence of water is operating on a different pore-size distribution than if no water were present. Pore-size distribution and the dp term (product of the microscopic inhomogeneity factor and "effective" particle diameter) may considerably influence the magnitudes of transverse and longitudinal dispersion coefficients. Secondly, in a multiphase system the wetting phase may trap single pores or even isolate large fingers or dendrites of the nonwetting phase. The nonwetting phase in these dead-end pores or dendrites would be phase in these dead-end pores or dendrites would be nonflowing and might either be completely isolated by the wetting phase or might communicate with the flowing nonwetting fluid by diffusion through nonwetting fluid-filled pores. Aspects of miscible displacement in the presence of water have been investigated by a number of researchers. Fitzgerald and Nielson observed that the simultaneous injection of gasoline and water into a Berea sandstone core in a 1:2 ratio recovered only 36 percent of the Bradford crude oil left in the core after waterflooding, and that only 55 to 75 percent recoveries were obtained for simultaneous water-solvent injection into the core when it contained crude oil at connate water saturation. Moreover, these authors reported recoveries of only 60 to 80 percent when solvent alone was injected into the core to displace residual oil to a waterflood. Raimondi et al. injected ethyl benzene (oil) and water simultaneously into a Berea sandstone core to establish flowing oil and water saturations and then injected heptane (solvent) and water simultaneously into the core to miscibly displace the ethyl benzene. SPEJ p. 337

Mixing Equations in Short Laboratory Cores

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Pore Model ◽  
Mixed Zone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dead End ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Difference

Abstract This paper investigates mixing in short cores where the mixed zone is large compared with the core length. In such systems the boundary conditions used affect the resulting solutions. Two models, the diffusion equation and the dead-end pare equation, are commonly used to match such displacements. Although the solutions using the diffusion equations differ considerably in form, this paper shows that, if the boundary conditions are interpreted correctly, and proper allowance is made for the difference between in-situ concentration and flowing concentration, the predicted results from these equations are nearly identical. The simplest way to analyze effluent data is to use the volume modifying junction, U, and to plot the data on probability paper. probability paper. The dead-end pore model has been used incorrectly in the past. It must be adjusted at the effluent boundary to account for the difference between in-situ concentration and flowing concentration. In addition, one must check the experimental data to make sure a material balance is preserved. The data and calculations in the paper show the disastrous predictions that can result if these corrections are not made. Introduction When miscible displacement occurs in short cores with a large dispersion coefficient, the effluent mixed zone is large compared with the length of the core. The effluent concentration curve may extend over more than 2 PV. Under this experimental condition it is prudent to worry about be validity of the various equations used to describe mixing in the core. For instance, if the displacement follows the diffusion equation, there are several solutions that differ, depending on the boundary conditions one imposes. The question arises, "How do these boundary conditions differ, and which is the correct solution to use?" A more complex mixing equation, the dead-end pore model, is also available to describe the pore model, is also available to describe the displacement process. This model also will produce differing results when differing boundary conditions are applied. Thus these same questions should arise. The practical significance of this problem is that native-state core displacements must nearly always be run in short cores. If a displacement model is used incorrectly in such a system, it will seriously affect the mixed-zone volume predicted for long distances. In turn, the predicted size of the solvent slug for vertical miscible floods will be wrong. DIFFUSION EQUATIONS When one fluid is miscibly displacing another in a linear porous medium and when the displacement is stable so that viscous fingers do not form, the diffusion equation is often used to describe the displacement. This equation is(1) Generally, for convenience, the concentration limits are shown from 0 to 1. I will use 0 for the concentration of the fluid originally in place, and 1 for the concentration of the displacing fluid. Several solutions to Eq. 1 can be found in the literature. In general, they are various combinations of the error function, differing according to the boundary conditions imposed. Ordinarily, when the porous medium is long compared with the length of porous medium is long compared with the length of the mixed zone, it makes little difference which solution one uses, for they all give virtually identical results. On the other hand, when the mixed zone is about the same length as the porous medium, the boundary conditions can have a noticeable effect on the results, and we need to worry about which of the several solutions to use. The dimensionless grouping that characterizes this worry is the dimensionless dispersion, uL/K, called gamma by Coats and Smith. Smaller gamma's show greater dispersion, and greater boundary condition effects. In this paper we will look at various solutions in some detail for a particular case in which the dimensionless group, gamma, is equal to 14.0. This is a particularly small value of gamma, where the boundary conditions will be quite important. Breakthrough occurs at about 0.4 PV injection. PV injection. SPEJ P. 91

COMPOSITION AND RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF DEPOSITS OF THE BAZHENOV FORMATION IN THE CENTRAL PART OF TUNDRIN DEPRESSION

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
O. M. Makarova ◽  
N. I. Korobova ◽  
A. G. Kalmykov ◽  
G. A. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Petrophysical Data ◽  
Pore Types

According to lithological and petrophysical data the core of the Bazhenov Formation, discovered in the central part of the Tundrin Basin, the structure of the section was characterized , productive oil intervals were identified, in which the collectors of pore and fissure-pore types are developed.

Sustainable Development is a Dead-End: The Logic of Modernity and Ecological Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Lumsden
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Planetary Boundaries ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Core Idea

This paper examines the theory of sustainable development presented by Jeffrey Sachs in The Age of Sustainable Development. While Sustainable Development ostensibly seeks to harmonise the conflict between ecological sustainability and human development, the paper argues this is impossible because of the conceptual frame it employs. Rather than allowing for a re-conceptualisation of the human–nature relation, Sustainable Development is simply the latest and possibly last attempt to advance the core idea of western modernity — the notion of self-determination. Drawing upon Hegel’s account of historical development it is argued that Sustainable Development and the notion of planetary boundaries cannot break out of a dualism of nature and self-determining agents.

Kierkegaard, Metaphysics, and Love

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gabriel Marcel ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Alternative Reading ◽  
The Way

AbstractNoting Heidegger’s critique of Kierkegaard’s way of relating time and eternity, the paper offers an alternative reading of Kierkegaard that suggests Heidegger has overlooked crucial elements in the Kierkegaardian account. Gabriel Marcel and Sharon Krishek are used to counter Heidegger’s minimizing of the deaths of others and to show how the deaths of others may become integral to our sense of self. This prepares the way for revisiting Kierkegaard’s discourse on the work of love in remembering the dead. Against the criticism that this reveals the absence of the other in Kierkegaardian love, the paper argues that, on the contrary, it shows how Kierkegaard conceives the self as inseparable from the core relationships of love that, despite of death, constitute it as the self that it is.

scholarly journals Metalloregulator CueR biases RNA polymerase’s kinetic sampling of dead-end or open complex to repress or activate transcription

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (44) ◽  
pp. 13467-13472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danya J. Martell ◽  
Chandra P. Joshi ◽  
Ahmed Gaballa ◽  
Ace George Santiago ◽  
Tai-Yen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Biased Sampling ◽  
Single Molecule Fret ◽  
Dead End ◽  
The Dead

Metalloregulators respond to metal ions to regulate transcription of metal homeostasis genes. MerR-family metalloregulators act on σ70-dependent suboptimal promoters and operate via a unique DNA distortion mechanism in which both the apo and holo forms of the regulators bind tightly to their operator sequence, distorting DNA structure and leading to transcription repression or activation, respectively. It remains unclear how these metalloregulator−DNA interactions are coupled dynamically to RNA polymerase (RNAP) interactions with DNA for transcription regulation. Using single-molecule FRET, we study how the copper efflux regulator (CueR)—a Cu+-responsive MerR-family metalloregulator—modulates RNAP interactions with CueR’s cognate suboptimal promoter PcopA, and how RNAP affects CueR−PcopAinteractions. We find that RNAP can form two noninterconverting complexes at PcopAin the absence of nucleotides: a dead-end complex and an open complex, constituting a branched interaction pathway that is distinct from the linear pathway prevalent for transcription initiation at optimal promoters. Capitalizing on this branched pathway, CueR operates via a “biased sampling” instead of “dynamic equilibrium shifting” mechanism in regulating transcription initiation; it modulates RNAP’s binding–unbinding kinetics, without allowing interconversions between the dead-end and open complexes. Instead, the apo-repressor form reinforces the dominance of the dead-end complex to repress transcription, and the holo-activator form shifts the interactions toward the open complex to activate transcription. RNAP, in turn, locks CueR binding at PcopAinto its specific binding mode, likely helping amplify the differences between apo- and holo-CueR in imposing DNA structural changes. Therefore, RNAP and CueR work synergistically in regulating transcription.

Effect of Disruption Methods on the Dead-End Microfiltration Behavior of Yeast Suspension

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Raphaëlle Savoire ◽  
Eugène Vorobiev ◽  
Jean-Louis Lanoisellé
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Suspension ◽  
Dead End ◽  
The Dead

scholarly journals NEUROSPORAAND THE DEAD-END HYPOTHESIS: GENOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF SELFING IN THE MODEL GENUS

Evolution ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3600-3616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gioti ◽  
Jason E. Stajich ◽  
Hanna Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Dead End ◽  
The Dead

Injectivity and Propagation of Sulfonated Acrylamide-Based Copolymers in Low Permeability Carbonate Reservoir Cores in Harsh Salinity and Temperature Conditions : Challenges and Learnings from a Middle East Onshore Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Gaillard ◽  
Matthieu Olivaud ◽  
Alain Zaitoun ◽  
Mahmoud Ould-Metidji ◽  
Guillaume Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Polymer Solutions ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Carbonate Cores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mobility Reduction

Abstract Polymer flooding is one of the most mature EOR technology applied successfully in a broad range of reservoir conditions. The last developments made in polymer chemistries allowed pushing the boundaries of applicability towards higher temperature and salinity carbonate reservoirs. Specifically designed sulfonated acrylamide-based copolymers (SPAM) have been proven to be stable for more than one year at 120°C and are the best candidates to comply with Middle East carbonate reservoir conditions. Numerous studies have shown good injectivity and propagation properties of SPAM in carbonate cores with permeabilities ranging from 70 to 150 mD in presence of oil. This study aims at providing new insights on the propagation of SPAM in carbonate reservoir cores having permeabilities ranging between 10 and 40 mD. Polymer screening was performed in the conditions of ADNOC onshore carbonate reservoir using a 260 g/L TDS synthetic formation brine together with oil and core material from the reservoir. All the experiments were performed at residual oil saturation (Sor). The experimental approach aimed at reproducing the transport of the polymer entering the reservoir from the sand face up to a certain depth. Three reservoir coreflood experiments were performed in series at increasing temperatures and decreasing rates to mimic the progression of the polymer in the reservoir with a radial velocity profile. A polymer solution at 2000 ppm was injected in the first core at 100 mL/h and 40°C. Effluents were collected and injected in the second core at 20 mL/h and 70°C. Effluents were collected again and injected in the third core at 4 mL/h and 120°C. A further innovative approach using reservoir minicores (6 mm length disks) was also implemented to screen the impact of different parameters such as Sor, molecular weight and prefiltration step on the injectivity of the polymer solutions. According to minicores data, shearing of the polymer should help to ensure good propagation and avoid pressure build-up at the core inlet. This result was confirmed through an injection in a larger core at Sor and at 120°C. When comparing the injection of sheared and unsheared polymer at the same concentration, core inlet impairment was suppressed with the sheared polymer and the same range of mobility reduction (Rm) was achieved in the internal section of the core although viscosity was lower for the sheared polymer. Such result indicates that shearing is an efficient way to improve injectivity while maximizing the mobility reduction by suppressing the loss of product by filtration/retention at the core inlet. This paper gives new insights concerning SPAM rheology in low permeability carbonate cores. Additionally, it provides an innovative and easier approach for screening polymer solutions to anticipate their propagation in more advanced coreflooding experiments.

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