scholarly journals Evaluation of stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas in a multicenter international consortium

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Starke ◽  
David J. McCarthy ◽  
Ching-Jen Chen ◽  
Hideyuki Kano ◽  
Brendan McShane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Venous Ectasia ◽  
Grading Scales

OBJECTIVEIn this multicenter study, the authors reviewed the results obtained in patients who underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) and determined predictors of outcome.METHODSData from a cohort of 114 patients who underwent GKRS for cerebral dAVFs were compiled from the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Favorable outcome was defined as dAVF obliteration and no posttreatment hemorrhage or permanent symptomatic radiation-induced complications. Patient and dAVF characteristics were assessed to determine predictors of outcome in a multivariate logistic regression analysis; dAVF-free obliteration was calculated in a competing-risk survival analysis; and Youden indices were used to determine optimal radiosurgical dose.RESULTSA mean margin dose of 21.8 Gy was delivered. The mean follow-up duration was 4 years (range 0.5–18 years). The overall obliteration rate was 68.4%. The postradiosurgery actuarial rates of obliteration at 3, 5, 7, and 10 years were 41.3%, 61.1%, 70.1%, and 82.0%, respectively. Post-GRKS hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients (annual risk of 0.9%). Radiation-induced imaging changes occurred in 10.4% of patients; 5.2% were symptomatic, and 3.5% had permanent deficits. Favorable outcome was achieved in 63.2% of patients. Patients with middle fossa and tentorial dAVFs (OR 2.4, p = 0.048) and those receiving a margin dose greater than 23 Gy (OR 2.6, p = 0.030) were less likely to achieve a favorable outcome. Commonly used grading scales (e.g., Borden and Cognard) were not predictive of outcome. Female sex (OR 1.7, p = 0.03), absent venous ectasia (OR 3.4, p < 0.001), and cavernous carotid location (OR 2.1, p = 0.019) were predictors of GKRS-induced dAVF obliteration.CONCLUSIONSGKRS for cerebral dAVFs achieved obliteration and avoided permanent complications in the majority of patients. Those with cavernous carotid location and no venous ectasia were more likely to have fistula obliteration following radiosurgery. Commonly used grading scales were not reliable predictors of outcome following radiosurgery.

A practical grading scale for predicting outcome after radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations: analysis of 1012 treated patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Starke ◽  
Chun-Po Yen ◽  
Dale Ding ◽  
Jason P. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Peripheral Dose ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Grading Scale

Object The authors performed a study to review outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and to create a practical scale to predict long-term outcome. Methods Outcomes were reviewed in 1012 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration and no posttreatment hemorrhage or permanent, symptomatic, radiation-induced complication. Preradiosurgery patient and AVM characteristics predictive of outcome in multivariate analysis were weighted according to their odds ratios to create the Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale. Results The mean follow-up time was 8 years (range 2–20 years). Arteriovenous malformation obliteration occurred in 69% of patients. Postradiosurgery hemorrhage occurred in 88 patients, for a yearly incidence of 1.14%. Radiation-induced changes occurred in 387 patients (38.2%), symptoms in 100 (9.9%), and permanent deficits in 21 (2.1%). Favorable outcome was achieved in 649 patients (64.1%). The Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale was created such that patients were assigned 1 point each for having an AVM volume of 2–4 cm3, eloquent AVM location, or a history of hemorrhage, and 2 points for having an AVM volume greater than 4 cm3. Eighty percent of patients who had a score of 0–1 points had a favorable outcome, as did 70% who had a score of 2 points and 45% who had a score of 3–4 points. The Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale was still predictive of outcome after controlling for predictive Gamma Knife radiosurgery treatment parameters, including peripheral dose and number of isocenters, in a multivariate analysis. The Spetzler-Martin grading scale and the Radiosurgery-Based Grading Scale predicted favorable outcome, but the Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale provided the best assessment. Conclusions Gamma Knife radiosurgery can be used to achieve long-term AVM obliteration and neurological preservation in a predictable fashion based on patient and AVM characteristics.

scholarly journals Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P Cifarelli ◽  
George Kaptain ◽  
Chun-Po Yen ◽  
David Schlesinger ◽  
Jason P Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Abstract BACKGROUND: The current management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) incorporates a multimodal approach involving microneurosurgery, endovascular embolization, and radiosurgery. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for dAVFs. METHODS: The series includes patients with dAVFs who had Gamma Knife radiosurgery at the University of Virginia Medical Center between 1989 and 2005 with clinical follow-up through 2008. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical history, demographic data, and dosimetry. Radiographic records provided the location and anatomy of the dAVFs. Follow-up angiography was performed 2 to 3 years after treatment, with cure defined as complete obliteration of fistulous flow. Follow-up for clinical symptomology and quality of life was obtained from direct patient and primary physician questionnaires. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery for dAVFs during the study period. Twenty patients (36%) presented with intracranial hemorrhage before radiosurgery. Gamma Knife radiosurgery was preceded by craniotomy for microneurosurgical ablation in 11 patients (20%) or endovascular embolization in 36 patients (65%). Follow-up angiography was performed on 46 patients (83%) with documented obliteration in 30 patients (65%). Patients lost to follow-up were classified as treatment failures, adjusting the range of efficacy from 65% to 54%. Three patients (5%) suffered a posttreatment hemorrhage during the follow-up period, but no new permanent neurological deficits resulted from these events. CONCLUSION: Gamma Knife radiosurgery is an effective adjunct therapy for dAVFs with persistence of flow after open neurosurgical resection or endovascular treatment while still maintaining a role in nonaggressive dAVFs not amenable to either surgery or embolization.

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