scholarly journals DEVELOPMENTAL PECULIARITIES OF TOPOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGY OF CERVICAL FASCIA AND CELLULAR SPACES IN ANTERIOR AND LATERAL CERVICAL REGIONS IN HUMAN FETUSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
L. Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
T. V. Khmara ◽  
O. F. Marchuk ◽  
O. M. Boichuk ◽  
L. М. Gerasym ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Morphological Research

In-depth study of the peculiarities of the morphological, topographic and anatomical relationships between fascia, muscles, vessels, nerves, cellular spaces and organs of other parts of the human body requires applying an appropriate methodology of morphological research. According to some researchers, the superficial, pretracheal, and prevertebral plates of the cervical fascia develop depending on the origin and morphogenesis of the respective groups of neck muscles. Obtaining data on the development of topographic morphology of the cervical fascia and interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck during the fetal period of human ontogenesis is an important area of fetal anatomy and surgery and can be used for age comparison. The purpose of the study was to clarify the peculiarities of the development of the topographic morphology in the cervical fascia and interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck in human fetuses of 4-10 months of gestation. The study was performed on 75 human fetuses of 81.0-375.0 mm parietal coccygeal length without external signs of anatomical abnormalities or developmental anomalies of the cervical region by preparing microscopic slides of organs and structures of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck. The samples taken from fetuses weighing more than 500.0 g were investigated directly at the Chernivtsi Regional Paediatric Pathological Bureau according to the association agreement. The material was also taken from the M.G. Turkevich Museum of the Human Anatomy Department, Bukovinian State Medical University. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation of the cervical region in human fetuses of 4-7 months revealed thin, semitranslucent plates of the cervical fascia: superficial, middle (pretracheal) and deep (prevertebral). In fetuses of 8-10 months in the anterior area of the neck, the plates of the cervical fascia were clearly seen and shiny. Subcutaneous, or superficial, and intracervical fascias were fascias propria of the neck, and having no clear boundaries passed into adjacent areas. In the fetal period of human ontogenesis the interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck develop including suprapectoral, anterovisceral, extravisceral, antescalenous, interscalenous cellular spaces and sheath of vascular-nervous bundles of the neck. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, there is a pronounced variation in the development and location of the plates of the cervical fascia. The authors of this study state that the research and result publication have no conflicts regarding commercial or financial relations, relations with organizations and/or individuals who may have been related to the study.

scholarly journals FETAL ANATOMY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesia Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
Тatiana V. Khmara ◽  
Оleh М. Boichuk ◽  
Mariana A. Ryznychuk ◽  
Leonid V. Shvyhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
The Right

The aim: To study the forms of anatomical variability of the external structure of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the fetal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study involved 48 specimens of human fetuses with 81,0-375,0 mm of crown-rump length (CRL). The study was conducted by means of macromicroscopic preparation, morphometry and variation statistics method. Results: The age and individual anatomical variability, complex way of development and formation of synotopic embryotropographic correlations of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis create numerous prerequisites for the emergence of variants of their external structure and topography in the fetuses of both different and the same age groups. Conclusions: There is a significant anatomical variability of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in 4-10-month-old fetuses, which is manifested by varieties of their shape and topical location. Aplasia of the upper parathyroid glands, which was found in two human fetuses aged 7 months, was due to the fetures of their organogenesis and the formation of syntopy in the embryonic and prefetal periods of their development. Parathyroid glands are mainly supplied with blood by the branches of the inferior thyroid artery. The branches of the upper thyroid artery and the arteries of adjacent organs: larynx, trachea and esophagus are involved in the blood supply. The right and left inferior thyroid veins are tributaries of the corresponding brachiocephalic vein, paired (right and left) superior and middle thyroid veins are those for the internal jugular vein.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Eyeball Topography Development in the Intermediate Fetal Period of Human Ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
S. I. Naidenova ◽  
E. D. Lutsai
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rectus Muscle ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Human Ontogenesis

The article considers the microtopography of the eyeball during the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis.Objective – to identify the features of qualitative and quantitative topography characteristics development of the eyeball with the orbit and its contents in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesisMaterial and methods. The study was conducted on 50 fetuses of both genders (25 male, 25 female) aged from the 14th to the 27th week of gestation, which make up the collection of Human Anatomy Department of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. All the material was divided into three age groups: group I (14–18 weeks) contained 18 fetuses, group II (19–23 weeks) contained 19 fetuses, group III (24–27 weeks) contained 13 fetuses. The work was performed by methods of macromicroscopic preparation, by modified N. I. Pirogov's oversplitting method, and by histotopographic method.Results. At an earlier stage, the eyeball occupies a central position in the orbit. By the end of the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis, the eyeball shifts closer to the medial wall of the orbit. In the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis, the entrance to the orbit has the shape of an ellipse with a height and width equal to 15.01±3.98 mm and 13.91±3.25 mm, respectively. The thickness of the medial, lateral, upper and lower walls of the orbit in the intermediate fetal period is 0.46±0.12 mm, 1.98±0.41 mm, 0.45±0.12 mm and 2.11±0.62 mm, respectively. The predominance of length and thickness of the medial rectus muscle of eye over the lateral rectus muscle of eye was noted in all observation groups.Conclusions. The eyeball topography in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis is similar to the topography in the childhood and adult periods, but it has its own fetal features: the shape of the eyeball, the position in the orbit, the relation to the auxiliary apparatus. The most complex topographic and anatomical relationships are noted at the posterior pole of the eyeball in the area of the visual canal.

scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Thigh Bone in Human Fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
P. V. Hryhorieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
The Right

Defining quantitative growth parameters of individual skeletal bones, namely the right and left femurs, is practically important for determining the age of the fetus. Lack of data on changes in the length of the femur in 4-10 months’ fetuses, as well as the dependence of its morphometric parameters on the length of the lower limb and the age of the fetus, prompted us to conduct this study. The purpose of the study was to determine the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs during the fetal period of human ontogenesis, which could form the base of normal indicators. Materials and methods. Morphometric study was performed on the lower extremities specimens of 40 human fetuses of an 81.0-375.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, the dynamics of changes in the length of the right and left femurs and lower extremities in 4-10 months’ human fetuses was established. Direct correlations were found in the studied fetal groups, and only in 5-month-old fetuses a direct medium-strength reliable correlation between the lengths of the right and left femurs was found. A weak correlation between the length of the left lower limb and the length of the left femur was found in 7-month-old fetuses. In other cases, direct significant strong correlations were found between the analyzed indicators. The results obtained regarding the change in the length of the right and left femurs, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient between the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs and the length of the lower extremities and parietal-coccygeal length of human fetuses 4-10 months are important both theoretically and practically for fetal anatomy. Conclusion. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, where there is a relatively uniform increase in the length of the right and left femurs, no significant differences in their length were detected. Between the 4th and the 10th month of fetal development, the length of the right femur increases by 5.59 times (from 13.18 ± 2.56 mm to 73.66 ± 2.19 mm), and the length of the left femur increases by 5.44 times: from 13.54 ± 2.35 mm to 73.73 ± 2.12 mm, respectively. In the fetal period the right and left lower extremities also grow equally, no significant differences in their length have been established

scholarly journals Peculiarities of morphogenesis of orbit and organ of vision structures in human fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1(97)) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
A. Tsyhykalo ◽  
N. Kozariichuk ◽  
K. Yakovets ◽  
H. Kulynych
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Ontogenesis

The aim of this work is to elucidate the features of morphogenesis, syntopic and morphometric changes in the structures of the orbit, neurovascular and muscular structures of the organ of vision in the fetal period of human ontogenesis.Material and methods. By means of complex of methods of morphological research (anthropometry, morphometry, microscopy, preparation, three-dimensional computer reconstruction and statistical analysis), 30 specimens of human fetuses of both sexes aged from 4 to 10 months of intrauterine development (IUD) (160.0-460.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length (PCL)) were studied. Computer tomography was used to study 17 human fetuses aged from 4 to 9 months of IUD (180.0-440.0 mm PCL).Results. At the end of the 5th month of IUD, an orbital index is 75%, which is noted in the transformation of the shape of orbit from flattened to rounded due to an increase in its vertical size relative to the horizontal one. We associate this transformation of the orbit with syntopic influence of adjacent regions: the growth of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, development of the paranasal sinuses, and facial skeleton. At the end of the 5th week of intrauterine development, external eyeball muscles are finally differentiated from the common muscle rudiment. The analysis of changes in morphometric parameters of muscles of the eyeball made it possible to derive mathematical functions, that describe normal dynamics of growth of their length, as well as to reveal critical periods of their development in terms of the rate of changes in their thickness and width.Conclusions1. The development of the organ of vision in the fetal period of human ontogenesis is a complex process due to the coordinated interaction between morphological and morphometric changes in the orbit, eyeball and its muscles, nerves and vessels.2. Critical periods of development of the orbit and its structures is the 6th month of intrauterine development, during which there is an uneven growth rate of the size of the muscles of the eyeball, as well as the size of the orbit.3. At the 6th month of intrauterine development, uneven growth rates of the horizontal size of the orbit relative to the vertical one are observed, as a result of which its shape begins to return to the mesoconchal type characteristic of such prefetuses. Such age-related transformations of shape and size of the orbit are due to the growth of the eyeball, skull and face, which generally determines the shape of the orbit.4. Starting from the 8th month of fetal period of development, structure and topography of the structures of the orbit acquire signs of a definitive condition, the shape of the orbit is finally established, and uniform growth rates of all structures of the organ of vision are observed, except for the growth of the circumference of the orbit at the end of prenatal period of human ontogenesis.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Human Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord at 20–22 Weeks of Intrauterine Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Isengulova ◽  
V. A. Galiakbarova ◽  
T. S. Seredinova ◽  
D. N. Lyashchenko ◽  
E. N. Galeeva
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Human Ontogenesis

Early and timely diagnosis of the spinal column and spinal cord pathologies, their intrauterine and postnatal correction require detailed knowledge of the anatomy and topography of the cervical spine in the fetus. The complex interactions of the cervical spine with the corresponding parts of the spinal cord and adjacent structures require detailed study during the embryonic period of ontogenesis.The aim of the study was to investigate the morphometric and topographic anatomical fetal features of the cervical spine and adjacent structures at 20–22 weeks of the intrauterine development.Material and methods. This study was performed on the sectional material from human fetuses, 20–22 weeks of development (20 human fetuses of both sexes), obtained from the fetal collection of the Department of Human Anatomy, Orenburg State Medical University. A standard set of morphological methods were applied in the study – macromicroscopic preparation, Pirogov method of cuts in three mutually perpendicular planes, production of serial histotopograms with Van Gieson staining, photography, morphometry.Results. It was found that during the studied periods of prenatal ontogenesis, the length of the cervical spine averaged 17.5±1.5 mm. The transverse size of the vertebral body in fetuses of 20–22 weeks of development throughout the cervical spine is of greater importance than the anteroposterior. The transverse and anteroposterior dimensions of the vertebral foramen gradually decrease in the craniocaudal direction. It was also demonstrated that it is necessary to remove the dura mater in order to obtain reliable dimensional characteristics of the spinal cord.Conclusion. Thus, the data obtained on the anatomy and topography of the spinal column and the spinal cord at the 20th – 22nd weeks of the human ontogenesis can serve as the morphological basis of fetal surgery.

DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIAL VESSELS OF THE STOMACH IN THE LATE FETAL PERIOD OF HUMAN ONTOGENESIS AND IN NEWBORNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (67) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
A. O. Loytra ◽  
A. A. Shkrobanets ◽  
O. M. Boichuk ◽  
L. Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
R. R. Dmytrenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Period ◽  
Human Ontogenesis

IV All-Russian Scientific Conference "The influence of anthropogenic factors on the morphogenesis and structural transformations of cells, tissues and organs of humans and animals"

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
E. S. Valishin ◽  
N. M. Vanov
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The conference was dedicated to the 190th anniversary of the Department of Human Anatomy of Kazan State Medical University, the 100th anniversary of the birth of Corr. USSR Academy of Sciences, prof. N.G. Kolosov, and was also timed to coincide with the opening of the unique building of the Department of Anatomy after reconstructive capital repairs.

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