Egg Weight Loss during Incubation and Relative Hatching Chick Weight and their Relationships to Post-Hatch Blood Glucose Concentration, Body Temperature, Visceral Changes, and Liver Glycogen Concentrations in Nutrient Restricted Broilers

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-230
Author(s):  
E.D. Peebles ◽  
R.W. Keirs ◽  
L.W. Bennett ◽  
S.K. Whitmarsh ◽  
P.D. Gerard
1965 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. BENTLEY ◽  
B. K. FOLLETT

SUMMARY River lampreys regulated their blood glucose concentration when injected with glucose. Mammalian insulin decreased the blood glucose concentration in the lamprey while adrenaline, cortisol and arginine vasotocin increased it. Glucagon had no effect initially but after a delay of 4 hr. decreased the blood glucose level. Insulin and cortisol increased the liver glycogen concentration. Adrenaline decreased the muscle glycogen concentration; vasotocin increased it. Treatment with alloxan increased the blood glucose concentration. Fat and glycogen in the lamprey are stored mainly in the skeletal muscles and their histochemical distribution in muscle is described. The results are discussed in relation to the metabolism of the migrating lamprey and the evolution of the control of carbohydrate metabolism in vertebrates.


2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Yun Kim ◽  
Sang Sun Lee

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beta 3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) were associated with differences in weight loss and lipid profiles in obese premenopausal women exposed to low-calorie meal replacements over a period of six weeks. Forty women between the ages of 20 and 35 were randomly divided into two groups, each of which consumed one of two low-calorie meal replacements containing either white rice or mixed rice. Although body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose concentration, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significantly different by the UCP1 genotype in the white rice group, there were significant differences in body weight (p = 0.041), BMI (p = 0.027), and blood glucose concentration (p = 0.047) between carriers and non-carriers of the G allele in the mixed rice group after the six-week meal replacement intervention. The β3-AR polymorphism showed no apparent affect on these parameters. Dietary fiber affects weight gain since it is closely related with absorption of nutrients. As a result, the AA type UCP1 genotype produced significant weight loss in the mixed rice group, but not in the white rice group.


Life Sciences ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 1467-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Wood ◽  
Philip A. Healey ◽  
JoséA. Menéndez ◽  
Sarah L. Verne ◽  
Dale M. Atrens

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Meiers ◽  
W. Beien ◽  
T. Dieterich ◽  
W. Staib

ABSTRACT The cortisol conditioned liver glycogen development was investigated within a time limit through the use of intact starved rats, which were made artificial diabetics with alloxan, and which were adrenalectomized. The liver glycogen and blood glucose concentration showed after one oral insertion of cortisol phased changes, which indicates endocrine counter-reactions. The insulin-like activity in plasma which was investigated through the use of intact rats showed an increase, while the cortisol conditioned induction of the liver – tryptophan-pyrrolase from endocrine regulations was not influenced, the cortisol conditioned liver glycogen development represented itself as a combined reaction of primary and secondary effects. An insular reaction obviously follows a primary gluconeogenetic one. Then an adrenalic counter-regulation results. These factors ascertain the degree and duration of the liver glycogen sedimentation.


1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1168-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Penney ◽  
C. Clough Helfman ◽  
Joseph C. Dunbar Jr. ◽  
Lowell E. McCoy

Human and animal studies suggest a poorer outcome in the presence of abnormal blood glucose concentration during cerebral hypoxia–ischemia. It is unknown whether this is also the case in acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Using Levine-prepared rats, three groups were established and exposed to CO to answer this question: (1) hyperglycemics resulting from the administration of a 50% glucose solution, (2) hypoglycemics resulting from the administration of normal saline, and (3) untreated controls. The rats inhaled 2400 ppm CO for 90 min in the absence of anesthesia. Blood glucose was raised to a mean value of 402 mg/dL just prior to CO exposure in group 1. This resulted in an increased mortality rate (i.e., 54%), and during 4 h of room air recovery an impaired ability to regain body temperature, an increased plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity, and an increased neurologic deficit as compared with group 3. Hypoglycemia, which developed during CO exposure in group 2 (mean minimum glucose after 90 min, 44 mg/dL), resulted in an increased mortality rate (i.e., 46%), and during 4 h of room air recovery an impaired ability to regain body temperature and an increased neurologic deficit as compared with group 3. Blood glucose concentration in the rats in groups 2 and 3 that died during or shortly after CO exposure was significantly depressed relative to the survivors of those groups. Plasma insulin activity was elevated during CO exposure in group 1 as compared with group 3, but fell during recovery; insulin remained low throughout CO exposure and recovery in group 2. The results demonstrate the deleterious effects of both a very high and a very low blood glucose concentration during acute CO exposure.Key words: blood pressure, body temperature, carbon monoxide, glucose, heart rate, hematocrit, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, insulin, lactate dehydrogenase, mortality, morbidity, neurologic deficit.


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