scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions on tympanic temperature and milk production in grazing cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mauricio Veléz-Terranova ◽  
Raúl Molina ◽  
Hugo Sánchez ◽  
Rómulo Campos ◽  
Sandra Perilla
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tympanic Temperature

Seasonal Influence on Milk Production Performance in SDCMPUL in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software

Dairy farming is vulnerable to seasonal variable factors such as temperature, cold climatic conditions, and rainfall. These affect the production and reproduction traits of dairy animals. Seasonal variability also affects the quantity of consumption and marketing of milk considerably. The study aimed to assess the seasonal fluctuation in milk production in Sivagangai District Cooperative Milk Producer Union Limited (SDCMPUL), Tamil Nadu. The study used secondary data. The milk production data were collected from SDCMPUL, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. The data covered the period from 2001-02 to 2020-21. The study used descriptive statistics, CAGR, and paired ‘t-test to determine the variation of milk production according to seasonal changes. The MS office - Excel software and SPSS software were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the mean milk production of the lean and flush season was 2.46 and 2.30 lakh liters, and the CAGR of milk production in SDCMPUL, Tamil Nadu, during the period 2001-02 to 2020-21 was 5.65 percent, and it was 5.23 percent in lean season and 6.11 percent in the flush season while the growth rate of milk production during the lean and flush season was positive and was significant statistically. It was found that the quantity of milk production was higher in the lean season than a flush season; however, the variability of milk production was more in the flush season than in the lean season.

ZONEAMENTO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA VACAS LEITEIRAS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Zanandra Boff Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies ◽  
Marília Boff De Oliveira ◽  
Irajá Jantsch De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Holstein Cows

O presente estudo teve como objetivo de estabelecer o zoneamento bioclimático para vacas leiteiras no estado do RS a partir do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) e realizar a espacialização do déficit da produção de leite das vacas da raça Holandesa com nível de produção de 20, 25 e 30 kg dia -1. O estudo foi realizado para 27 municípios do estado para os quais foi calculado o ITU a partir de dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes a última normal climatológica (1961 e 1990) disponível no site do INMET. Nos meses em que o ITU foi superior ao de conforto térmico foi calculado a déficit de produção de leite. Uma vez detectada a dependência espacial, produziu-se o mapa temático da distribuição espacial da variável por meio de krigagem ordinária. O modelo esférico foi o que melhor ajustou à semivariância experimental observada para o ITU, que apresentou dependência espacial com correlação significativa negativa entre os valores de altitude. O ITU foi superior a 70, considerado condição de alerta, em 18 municípios dos 27 avaliados, nos meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro, chegando ao valor máximo de 75,4, na faixa de municípios situados na região sudoeste, com altitude de até 100 m. O déficit de produção de leite de vacas Holandesas, para um nível de produção de 20 a 30 kg dia -1, em função de condições climáticas foi de até 4,20 kg dia -1 para o estado do RS.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: conforto térmico; índices de conforto térmico, geoestatística. BIOCLIMATIC ZONING FOR DAIRY COWS IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SULABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to establish the bioclimatic zoning for dairy cows in the state of RS analyzing  the temperature and humidity index (THI) and to perform the spatialization of  milk production deficit of  Holstein  cows  of 20, 25 and 30 kg day-1. The study was performed in  27 state municipalities for those UTI was calculated from the data of compensated mean temperature (TMC) and compensated relative humidity (URC), referring to the last climatological normal data (1961 and 1990) available on  INMET website. Once the spatial dependence was detected, a thematic map of the spatial distribution was generated using ordinary kriging. The spherical model was the best fit for the experimental semivariance observed for THI, which showed spatial dependence with significant negative correlation between altitude values. The THI was above 70, considered an alert condition, in 18 municipalities of the 27 evaluated, in the months of december, january and february, reaching a maximum value of 75.4, in the range of municipalities located in the southwest region, with altitude up to 100 m. The milk production deficit of Holstein cows, for a production yield of 20 to 30 kg day -1,  regarding  the climatic conditions, was up to 4.20 kg day -1 for the RS state.KEYWORDS: thermal comfort; thermal comfort indexes, geostatistics.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature‑Humidity Relations During Years on Milk Production and Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Toušová ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Sylvana Pokorná
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of climatic conditions represented by daily air temperature and relative air humidity on indicators of Holstein cows’ milk quality and production. The first dataset represented individual milk production in day of milk performance recording (milk kg, fat %, protein %, and somatic cells count thous.*ml−1). The second dataset represented total daily milk characteristics of herd (milk kg, fat %, protein % and somatic cells count thous.*ml−1). A total of 654 Holstein cows were observed and evaluated. Both datasets were evaluated in relation to selected external influences (year, month, average daily air temperature, and average daily relatively air humidity). Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.3, and UNIVARIATE, REG and GLM procedure. Three groups of daily air temeperature (< 4.4 °C; 4.4 – 13.2 °C; > 13.2 °C), and daily relative air humidity (< 65.3 %; 65.3 – 80.4 %; > 80.4 %) were conducted for evaluation. Significant (P < 0.05) linear regressions were computed among daily air temperature and all milk production indicators, except of somatic cells count attribute. The highest individual daily milk production (35.94 kg, P < 0.01), and protein content (3.41 %, P < 0.01) were achieved with the highest average daily air temperature. Opposite results were observed for milk yield of herd as well as protein content. Average daily relative air humidity had lower influence on individual and bulk milk samples. The better results were achieved for both datasets (individual and bulk samples) in groups (65.3 – 80.4 %; > 80.4 %) of average daily relative air humidity. Obtained results point out importance of outdoor climatic parameters monitoring and preventive measures of climatic conditions in the stable.

scholarly journals Environmental variables and Jersey cattle milk quality in the humid tropic of Costa Rica.

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Rodolfo WingChing-Jones ◽  
Esteban Mora Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
System Variables

Climatic conditions affect milk production in the humid tropics. They have an effect on on somatic cell count (SCC) and total solids (TS), fat, protein (CP) and lactose concentration in milk. We studied these variables in Turrialba, Costa Rica, for 52 weeks between 2009 and 2010. We collected 784 samples (100 ml each) of milk from 19 animals and analyzed them with the FOSS Electric A/S for MilkoScan TM FT 120 Type 71200. Somatic cell count was done with the 400 Series Fossomatic. Temperature affected TS, fat and lac- tose content (p <0.05), precipitation affected the TS and CP content correlated with radiation. Humidity affected SCC, TS, fat and lactose. Within system variables, animal and lactation days are significant for SCC and milk components; calving number was related to fat content, CP and lactose. Age and milk production affect TS, fat, CP and lactose. Month affected TS, CP and lactose content. All variables changed with the year.  

Effect of climatic variation on reproduction by pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Antrozous Pallidus ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Pallid Bats ◽  
Spring Temperatures

Bats are unusual among mammals in having the ability to respond to fluctuating climatic conditions by employing either a homeothermic or a heterothermic strategy. Low temperatures affect insectivorous bats by increasing the energy required for homeothermy while roosting and by decreasing the energy available due to lower activity of insect prey. Low temperatures may be particularly costly to pregnant and lactating bats because these experience greater energetic demands due to gestation and milk production. The use of heterothermy may increase gestation length and decrease milk production. In a 2-year study of female pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) in central Oregon, I found that lower spring temperatures in 1991 than in 1990 were correlated with a higher percentage of nonreproductive females, delayed parturition dates, reduced synchrony of parturition, and lower body mass of lactating females. Overall reproductive success was probably lower in 1991 as a result of females not reproducing or of juvenile mortality. In 1991, both females and juveniles were probably in poorer condition prior to migrating and entering hibernation. The effects of temperature on reproduction in this ground-foraging bat are similar to those documented for aerial insectivorous bats. These results have implications for conservation and management of this species in the northern part of its range.

The effect of sodium fertilisation of pasture on herbage production and the performance of lactating dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
A. Cushnahan ◽  
F.J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Production Response

Recent work by Chiy and Phillips (1991, 1992) has shown that the application of sodium (Na) fertiliser can produce improvements in pasture growth, pasture composition and the performance of grazing dairy cattle. However other studies have shown much smaller or zero effects in terms of pasture production following Na application (Smithet al., 1983; O'Connoret al., 1989). The objective of the present series of studies was to examine the milk production response to Na fertilisation of pasture under a differing set of soil and climatic conditions and to establish if there was an optimum level of Na input. In addition it was important to pursue the mechanisms of any animal production responses recorded. A series of studies were therefore undertaken to examine: (a) the influence of Na fertilisation of pasture on dairy cattle performance in comparison with any effects obtained through dietary Na supplementation, and (b) the effects of Na on herbage production, composition and digestibility.

scholarly journals Improving the fatty acid profile of dairy cow milk by combining grazing with feeding of total mixed ration

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Morales-Almaráz ◽  
Ana Soldado ◽  
Amelia González ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Ignacio Domínguez-Vara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile

Grazing cows could produce milk with a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is beneficial to human health, compared with non-grazing cows, though grazing alone could compromise milk production. Under oceanic climate conditions, a study involving 15 dairy cows, fed total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum in combination with different grazing times of 12 h (TMR12), 6 h (TMR06) and zero grazing time (TMR00) with the aim to evaluate different strategies on the fatty acids profile of milk and milk production. No differences were seen between the treatments with respect to milk yield (34·4±6·3 kg/d) or milk protein content (30·4±1·8 g/kg). The milk produced by the TMR12 cows had less total fat (36·2 vs. 38·2 g/kg) and saturated fatty acid (FA, 69·39 vs. 71·44 g/100 g FA) than that produced by the TMR00 cows. The concentration of vaccenic acid in the TMR06 and TMR12 milk was twice that of the TMR00 milk (4·22, 4·09 and 2·26 g/100 g FA respectively). Linear increases in conjugated linoleic (CLA) and linolenic acids were observed with increasing grazing time. Pasture was an important source of FA especially C18:3 for TMR06 and TMR12 cows. Under oceanic climatic conditions, the grazing of dairy cows as a complement to feeding with TMR can improve the FA profile of milk and increase its CLA content.

scholarly journals Development of an observational - perceptual heat strain risk assessment (OPHSRA) index and its validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Yazdanirad ◽  
Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Monazzam ◽  
Habibollah Dehghan ◽  
Farideh Golbabaei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The thermal strain can be measured using subjective methods without the use of sensitive equipment. The purpose of the present study was the development and validation of an observational - perceptual heat strain risk assessment (OPHSRA) method. Methods This cross-sectional study, in 2019, was performed. At first, an observational-perceptual questionnaire was designed using effective items in producing heat strain. Then, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were examined. Later, 201 male workers were asked to perform the routine tasks for 90 min under various climatic conditions after resting in a cool room. At the end of the activity, the tympanic temperature of the subjects was accurately measured. Also, the designed questionnaire was completed by researchers and participants. Then, the effect coefficients of the items were calculated and used for developing the novel index. At final, the index validity was investigated. Results The values of the content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) of the designed questionnaire with 16 questions were equal to 0.793, 0.913, and 0.910, respectively. The results indicated that environmental, job, administrative, and clothing items assessed by the questionnaire with the coefficients of 0.860, 0.658, 0.783, and 0.566 had significant effects on the thermal strain, respectively. These coefficients were exploited to develop the index. The result revealed that the OPHSRA index justified 69% of the variations of the tympanic temperature (R2 = 0.69). Conclusion The novel index developed by the questionnaire had an acceptable validity. Therefore, this index can be used for estimating the risk of thermal strain in a variety of thermal conditions.

scholarly journals   Agricultural trade in example of milk from perspective of multi-criteria analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 315-323
Author(s):  
V. Doubek ◽  
J. Švasta ◽  
L. Ackermann Blažková
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Carbon Recycling ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual

Traditional farming on agricultural land under the standard soil and natural-climatic conditions within the EU is based on the structure of the polygastric livestock (especially cattle), which ensures the complex carbon recycling and its return to arable soil. In the last 15 years, we have been witnessing to a sharp decline in the number of dairy cows in the Czech Republic. This fact has resulted in certain destabilising factors that have disrupted the stability of the biological system. Breeding dairy cows and its profitability is a function of the conditions for the realisation of milk production. This paper examines these aspects within a complex of factors from the use of milk production to the structure of the decision making process and it classifies and quantifies the individual problems from the perspective of the multi-criteria analysis. &nbsp;

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