Synergistic Effect of Serum Homocysteine and Diabetes Mellitus on Brain Alterations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gihwan Byeon ◽  
Min Soo Byun ◽  
Dahyun Yi ◽  
Jun Ho Lee ◽  
So Yeon Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

Background: Both elevated blood homocysteine and diabetes mellitus (DM) are related to cognitive impairments or dementia. A previous study also demonstrated that the association between homocysteine and cognitive decline was much stronger in individuals with DM than in those without DM. Objective: This study aimed to examine the interactive effect of blood homocysteine and DM on brain pathological changes including brain atrophy, amyloid-β and tau deposition, and small vessel disease (SVD) related to cognitive impairments. Methods: A total of 430 non-demented older adults underwent comprehensive clinical assessment, measurement of serum homocysteine level, [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET, [18F] AV-1451 PET, and brain MRI. Results: The interactive effect of homocysteine with the presence of DM on brain atrophy, especially in aging-related brain regions, was significant. Higher homocysteine concentration was associated with more prominent brain atrophy in individuals with DM, but not in those without DM. In contrast, interaction effect of homocysteine and DM was found neither on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies, including amyloid-β and tau deposition, nor white matter hyperintensity volume as a measure of SVD. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that high blood homocysteine level and DM synergistically aggravate brain damage independently of AD and cerebrovascular disease. With regard to preventing dementia or cognitive decline in older adults, these results support the importance of strictly controlling blood glucose in individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia and lowering blood homocysteine level in those with DM.

Progression of brain atrophy and cognitive decline in diabetes mellitus: A 3-year follow-up

Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. C. van Elderen ◽  
A. de Roos ◽  
A. J. M. de Craen ◽  
R. G. J. Westendorp ◽  
G. J. Blauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Brain Atrophy

scholarly journals COGNITIVE AND HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN OLDER ADULTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S77-S77
Author(s):  
Jessica S West ◽  
Scott Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract As the number of older adults increases, increased prevalence of cognitive and sensory impairments pose growing public health challenges. Research on the relationship between hearing impairment and cognition, however, is minimal and has yielded mixed results, with some studies finding that hearing impairment is associated with cognitive decline, and others reporting that the association is weak or non-existent. Most of this research has been conducted outside of the U.S., and the few U.S.-based longitudinal studies have relied mostly on small, non-representative samples involving short follow-up periods. Further, despite known gendered patterns in cognitive and hearing impairments, no studies to date have examined whether the relationship between the two varies by gender. Our study addresses these weaknesses in the literature by utilizing nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014; n=14,169), a large, nationally representative, longitudinal study that facilitates examination of long-term interrelationships between hearing and cognitive impairments. In this study, we use autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) methods to model: 1) the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive decline, and 2) sex differences in the relationship. ALT models enable us to determine whether hearing impairment and cognitive impairment are associated, net of their common tendency simply to co-trend with age. Results indicate that hearing and cognitive impairments are strongly interrelated processes that trend together over time. Moreover, hearing impairment has an increasing impact on cognitive impairment across age while the effect of cognitive impairment on hearing impairment levels out over time. Sex differences in these patterns are discussed.

scholarly journals Serum homocysteine level and gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Gong ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yan Shao ◽  
Juning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

scholarly journals Fully Bayesian longitudinal unsupervised learning for the assessment and visualization of AD heterogeneity and progression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Poulakis ◽  
Daniel Ferreira ◽  
Joana B. Pereira ◽  
Örjan Smedby ◽  
Prashanthi Vemuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Disease Staging ◽  
Hippocampal Sparing ◽  
Brain Data ◽  
Fully Bayesian

AbstractTau pathology and regional brain atrophy are the closest correlate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding heterogeneity and longitudinal progression of brain atrophy during the disease course will play a key role in understanding AD pathogenesis. We propose a framework for longitudinal clustering that: 1) incorporates whole brain data, 2) leverages unequal visits per individual, 3) compares clusters with a control group, 4) allows to study confounding effects, 5) provides clusters visualization, 6) measures clustering uncertainty, all these simultaneously. We used amyloid-β positive AD and negative healthy subjects, three longitudinal sMRI scans (cortical thickness and subcortical volume) over two years. We found 3 distinct longitudinal AD brain atrophy patterns: a typical diffuse pattern (n=34, 47.2%), and 2 atypical patterns: Minimal atrophy (n=23 31.9%) and Hippocampal sparing (n=9, 12.5%). We also identified outliers (n=3, 4.2%) and observations with uncertain classification (n=3, 4.2%). The clusters differed not only in regional distributions of atrophy at baseline, but also longitudinal atrophy progression, age at AD onset, and cognitive decline. A framework for the longitudinal assessment of variability in cohorts with several neuroimaging measures was successfully developed. We believe this framework may aid in disentangling distinct subtypes of AD from disease staging.

scholarly journals Association between serum homocysteine level and cognitive function in middle-aged type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0224611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanda Damanik ◽  
Andre Mayza ◽  
Andhika Rachman ◽  
Rani Sauriasari ◽  
Melly Kristanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of tau deposition are associated with amyloid, ApoE, sex, and cognitive decline in older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2155-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana B. Pereira ◽  
Theresa M. Harrison ◽  
Renaud La Joie ◽  
Suzanne L. Baker ◽  
William J. Jagust
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pittsburgh Compound B ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Abstract Purpose The abnormal deposition of tau begins before the onset of clinical symptoms and seems to target specific brain networks. The aim of this study is to identify the spatial patterns of tau deposition in cognitively normal older adults and assess whether they are related to amyloid-β (Aβ), APOE, sex, and longitudinal cognitive decline. Methods We included 114 older adults with cross-sectional flortaucipir (FTP) and Pittsburgh Compound-B PET in addition to longitudinal cognitive testing. A voxel-wise independent component analysis was applied to FTP images to identify the spatial patterns of tau deposition. We then assessed whether tau within these patterns differed by Aβ status, APOE genotype, and sex. Linear mixed effects models were built to test whether tau in each component predicted cognitive decline. Finally, we ordered the spatial components based on the frequency of high tau deposition to model tau spread. Results We found 10 biologically plausible tau patterns in the whole sample. There was greater tau in medial temporal, occipital, and orbitofrontal components in Aβ-positive compared with Aβ-negative individuals; in the parahippocampal component in ε3ε3 compared with ε2ε3 carriers; and in temporo-parietal and anterior frontal components in women compared with men. Higher tau in temporal and frontal components predicted longitudinal cognitive decline in memory and executive functions, respectively. Tau deposition was most frequently observed in medial temporal and ventral cortical areas, followed by lateral and primary areas. Conclusions These findings suggest that the spatial patterns of tau in asymptomatic individuals are clinically meaningful and are associated with Aβ, APOE ε2ε3, sex and cognitive decline. These patterns could be used to predict the regional spread of tau and perform in vivo tau staging in older adults.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium/Potassium Intake Does Not Affect Cognitive Function or Brain Imaging Indices

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Nowak ◽  
Linda Fried ◽  
Anna Jovanovich ◽  
Joachim Ix ◽  
Kristine Yaffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Structural Brain

Background: Dietary sodium may influence cognitive function through its effects on cerebrovascular function and cerebral blood flow. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary sodium intake with cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. We also evaluated the associations of dietary potassium and sodium:potassium intake with cognitive decline, and associations of these nutrients with micro- and macro-structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices. In all, 1,194 participants in the Health Aging and Body Composition study with measurements of dietary sodium intake (food frequency questionnaire [FFQ]) and change in the modified Mini Mental State Exam (3MS) were included. Results: The age of participants was 74 ± 3 years with a mean dietary sodium intake of 2,677 ± 1,060 mg/day. During follow-up (6.9 ± 0.1 years), 340 (28%) had a clinically significant decline in 3MS score (≥1.5 SD of mean decline). After adjustment, dietary sodium intake was not associated with odds of cognitive decline (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.50–1.84 per doubling of sodium). Similarly, potassium was not associated with cognitive decline; however, higher sodium:potassium intake was associated with increased odds of cognitive decline (OR 2.02 [95% CI 1.01–4.03] per unit increase). Neither sodium or potassium alone nor sodium:potassium were associated with micro- or macro-structural brain MRI indices. These results are limited by the use of FFQ. Conclusions: In community-dwelling older adults, higher sodium:potassium, but not sodium or potassium intake alone, was associated with decline in cognitive function, with no associations observed with micro- and macro-structural brain MRI indices. These findings do not support reduction dietary sodium/increased potassium intake to prevent cognitive decline with aging.

scholarly journals Amyloid-β Imaging in Older Adults Presenting to a Memory Clinic with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (s1) ◽  
pp. S151-S159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth E. Snitz ◽  
Oscar L. Lopez ◽  
Eric McDade ◽  
James T. Becker ◽  
Ann D. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Clinic
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