Color-blindness simulation for red-green and blue-yellow ambiguity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sheida Anbari ◽  
Hamid Reza Hamidi ◽  
Shokoh Kermanshahani
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Color Vision Test

Color blindness has important effects on people’s daily activities, since most activities require a discernment between colors. It is very important for engineers and designers to understand how colorblind people perceive colors. Therefore, many methods have been proposed to simulate color perception of people affected by Dichromacy and anomalous Trichromacy. However, the simulation results rarely have been evaluated with the reports of concerned individuals. In first study, we tried to simulate the color perception of people with different types (red and green) and different degrees of color blindness. Different degrees of red-green deficiency is simulated on the 24-plates brand of the Ishihara color vision test kit. Then simulated plates were tested on people with normal color vision. The results show that the simulation performance is better in the case of high degrees of red-green deficiency. There is also a clear difference between the assessment of female and male volunteers. In another study, the perception of the color of people with blue-yellow blindness is also considered. The proposed blue-yellow blind simulation is compared with the result of another research project. The results show that the color perception of individuals with different degrees of blue-yellow blindness can be reconstructed with a reasonable accuracy.

scholarly journals Frequency of Color Blindness in Driving License Candidates Presenting in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-931
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Huzaifa Akhlaq ◽  
Muhammad Ahsen ◽  
Nida Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Driving License ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Optic Nerve Disorders

Background: Color vision is an integral part of visual functions. Defective color vision may leadto difficulties in daily activities and even choosing and continuing in a certain profession. Colorvision deficiency or blindness may be congenital or acquired due to retinal or optic nerve disorders Aim: To investigate the frequency of color blindness or weakness in driving license candidates presenting for medical exam, for the year 2019. Methodology: The study design was descriptive cross sectional and the sampling technique wasnon probability convenient sampling. The place of study was eye outdoor of Allied Hospital,Faisalabad. The sample size was 13,637 based on inclusion criteria. The subjects ranged in agefrom 18 years onwards to a maximum presentation of 76 years with mean age as 30.728 ±10.131.Both genders were included in the study. Visual acuity was tested on Snellen’s Chart andrefraction, if needed, was performed to obtain best corrected acuity. Results: The results of the study showed that most of the subjects had 6/6 vision as 96.6% in righteye and 96.5% in left eye, 6/9 as 2.8% and 2.9% and 6/12 as 0.3% and 0.4% respectively for rightand left eye. The frequency of normal color vision was 94%, 4.9% for red green deficiency and 1.1% for color blindness. Conclusion: A frequency of 4.9% and 1.1% for color deficiency and color blindness respectively, in drivers, indicates that color vision must be tested to avoid any possible accidents related todeficient color perception. Keywords: Driving license, colorblindness

On Knowing Books by Their Colors

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Boynton ◽  
Stanley Dolensky
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Abstract Stimulus ◽  
Color Cues ◽  
Stimulus Materials ◽  
Search And Recognition ◽  
Better Than

In a search and recognition task utilizing real-world objects, the usefulness of color cues is observed to depend upon the availability of alphanumeric information. Following a 45-sec. inspection of a randomly selected collection of 17 books, spread on a table with their titles exposed, subjects were asked to identify as many of these as possible during a test period beginning 3 min. later in which 17 decoys were also present. Some subjects wore glasses with red filters during the test and inspection periods. The color blindness thereby introduced did not impair their performance in comparison with control subjects who were able to utilize normal color vision. Moreover, the introduction of color during the test period impaired the performance of subjects who had been deprived of color cues during inspection. It was concluded that subjects paid attention mostly to book titles and for that reason did not use other cues, including color, to much advantage. In a second experiment, where titles were obscured, subjects with normal color vision performed much better than those who were made color blind during the inspection or test periods. The results of both experiments are generally consistent with predictions based on experiments which have used abstract stimulus materials.

scholarly journals Variations in normal color vision. V. Simulations of adaptation to natural color environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGOR JURICEVIC ◽  
MICHAEL A. WEBSTER
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Color Appearance ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Natural Color ◽  
Outdoor Scenes ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Spectral Statistics ◽  
Unique Hues ◽  
Different Color

AbstractModern accounts of color appearance differ in whether they assume that the perceptual primaries (e.g., white and the unique hues of red, green, blue, and yellow) correspond to unique states determined by the spectral sensitivities of the observer or by the spectral statistics of the environment. We examined the interaction between observers and their environments by asking how color perception should vary if appearance depends on fixed responses in a set of color channels, when the sensitivities of these channels are adapted in plausible ways to different environments. Adaptation was modeled as gain changes in the cones and in multiple postreceptoral channels tuned to different directions in color–luminance space. Gains were adjusted so that the average channel responses were equated across two environments or for the same environment during different seasons, based on sets of natural outdoor scenes (Webster et al., 2007). Because of adaptation, even observers with a shared underlying physiology should perceive color in significantly and systematically different ways when they are exposed to and thus adapted by different contexts. These include differences in achromatic settings (owing to variations in the average chromaticity of locations) and differences in perceived hue (because of differences in scene contrasts). Modeling these changes provides a way of simulating how colors might be experienced by individuals in different color environments and provides a measure of how much color appearance might be modulated for a given observer by variations in the environment.

scholarly journals Spectral Filter Selection for Increasing Chromatic Diversity in CVD Subjects

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-Domingo ◽  
Eva M. Valero ◽  
Luis Gómez-Robledo ◽  
Rafael Huertas ◽  
Javier Hernández-Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Normal Observer ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Spectral Filter ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Color Filters

This paper analyzes, through computational simulations, which spectral filters increase the number of discernible colors (NODC) of subjects with normal color vision, as well as red–green anomalous trichromats and dichromats. The filters are selected from a set of filters in which we have modeled spectral transmittances. With the selected filters we have carried out simulations performed using the spectral reflectances captured either by a hyperspectral camera or by a spectrometer. We have also studied the effects of these filters on color coordinates. Finally, we have simulated the results of two widely used color blindness tests: Ishihara and Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue (FM100). In these analyses the selected filters are compared with the commercial filters from EnChroma and VINO companies. The results show that the increase in NODC with the selected filters is not relevant. The simulation results show that none of these chosen filters help color vision deficiency (CVD) subjects to pass the set of color blindness tests studied. These results obtained using standard colorimetry support the hypothesis that the use of color filters does not cause CVDs to have a perception similar to that of a normal observer.

Evaluation of an updated HRR color vision test

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES E. BAILEY ◽  
MAUREEN NEITZ ◽  
DIANE M. TAIT ◽  
JAY NEITZ
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Color Vision Test ◽  
Color Vision Deficiencies

The HRR pseudoisochromatic plate (pip) test was originally designed as a screening and diagnostic test for color vision deficiencies. The original HRR test is now long out of print. We evaluate here the new 4th edition of the HRR test, produced in 2002 by Richmond Products. The 2002 edition was compared to the original 1955 edition for a group of subjects with normal color vision and a group who had been previously diagnosed as having color vision deficiencies. The color deficient subjects spanned the range of severity among people with red-green deficiencies except for one individual who had a mild congenital tritan deficiency. The new test compared favorably with the original and in at least two areas, outperformed it. Among subjects with deutan defects the classification of severity correlated better with the anomaloscope results than the original; all the subjects who were classified as dichromats on the anomaloscope were rated as “severe” on the new HRR, while those diagnosed as anomalous trichromats were rated as mild or medium on the new test. Among those with moderate and severe defects the new test was highly accurate in correctly categorizing subjects as protan or deutan. In addition, a mild tritan subject made a tritan error on the new test whereas he was misdiagnosed as normal on the original.

Color Problems: Work, Pathology, and Perception in Modern Britain

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordanna Bailkin
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Color Vision Tests ◽  
Historical Relationship

This article explores the historical relationship between scientific research and labor management by investigating the state supervision of color perception in British workers (1870s-1920s). Whereas eighteenth-century scientific writers had described color blindness as an individual idiosyncrasy, color blindness was interpreted in the late nineteenth century as a social contaminant. As multiple sites of labor and industry were saturated with color—for example, through the deployment of flashing red and green lights on ships and railways—the color vision of workers became an increasingly significant medical and legal concern. Starting in the 1890s, the Board of Trade developed new efforts to legislate the admittedly subjective realm of color perception. But British workers also publicly opposed the Board's efforts to regulate their perception and objected to the “modernist” palette that was commonly used in color vision tests. I trace the emergence of color blindness as a class-specific pathology and consider both the denigration and the valorization of workers' perceptions in modern British industrial society.

scholarly journals Color vision test to differentiate Alzheimer's disease from vascular dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1753-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Color Vision Test ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Differential Diagnosis Of Dementia

Arnaoutoglou et al. (2017) reported that “Ishihara Color Vision Test – 38 Plate” was useful for the differential diagnosis of dementia between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD). The authors used sensitivity/specificity analysis, presenting 80.6% and 87.5% to discriminate AD and VaD patients when an optimal (32.5) cut-off value of performance was used. The authors cited a reference of the fact that AD patients suffered from a non-specific type of color blindness (Pache et al., 2003), and I have a query on their study with special reference to statistical method.

scholarly journals Color perception differentiates Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from Vascular Dementia (VaD) patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Arnaoutoglou ◽  
M. Arnaoutoglou ◽  
P. Nemtsas ◽  
V. Costa ◽  
S. J. Baloyannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Color Vision Test

ABSTRACTBackground:Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD) are the most common causes of dementia in older people. Both diseases appear to have similar clinical symptoms, such as deficits in attention and executive function, but specific cognitive domains are affected. Current cohort studies have shown a close relationship between αβ deposits and age-related macular degeneration (Johnson et al., 2002; Ratnayaka et al., 2015). Additionally, a close link between the thinning of the retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) and AD patients has been described, while it has been proposed that AD patients suffer from a non-specific type of color blindness (Pache et al., 2003).Methods:Our study included 103 individuals divided into three groups: A healthy control group (n = 35), AD (n = 32) according to DSM-IV-TR, NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, and VaD (n = 36) based on ΝΙΝDS-AIREN, as well as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) results. The severity of patient's cognitive impairment, was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and was classified according to the Reisberg global deterioration scale (GDS). Visual perception was examined using the Ishihara plates: “Ishihara Color Vision Test - 38 Plate.”Results:The three groups were not statistically different for demographic data (age, gender, and education). The Ishihara color blindness test has a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 87.5% to discriminate AD and VaD patients when an optimal (32.5) cut-off value of performance is used.Conclusions:Ishihara Color Vision Test - 38 Plate is a promising potential method as an easy and not time-consuming screening test for the differential diagnosis of dementia between AD and VaD.

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