Satisfaction of visually disabled users with California educational websites

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Keavney
Keyword(s):  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
University Websites ◽  
College And University ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Content Accessibility ◽  
Visually Disabled

BACKGROUND: College and university websites in the United States are legally required to meet accessibility standards to promote equal opportunity in education for blind and visually disabled students. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are the recognized standard for website accessibility. OBJECTIVE: Determine how satisfied blind and visually disabled college and university students are with college and university websites in California, and whether compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines is a good predictor of that satisfaction. METHODS: A random sample of websites from California colleges and universities was evaluated for accessibility compliance. A stratified sample of six websites was taken from the initial sample. Thirty blind or visually disabled students performed a prescribed series of tasks on each of the six websites, then answered a Likert-format survey regarding their satisfaction with each website. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent of websites did not meet the first priority accessibility criteria. Participant responses showed a majority were satisfied with websites, both compliant and non-compliant, and a strong correlation between satisfaction and accessibility compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Despite legal requirements, a majority or large minority of college and university websites in California do not meet accessibility guidelines, indicating a significant opportunity to improve the accessibility of those websites.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Five Different Native and Web-Hybrid Platforms for Building Android Apps and their Accessibility for Screen Readers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lucas Pedroso Carvalho ◽  
Felipe Silva Dias ◽  
André Pimenta Freire
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Screen Readers ◽  
Android Apps ◽  
Wcag 2.0 ◽  
Embedded Web ◽  
Android Applications ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Content Accessibility ◽  
Visually Disabled

The choice of an interface platform to develop mobile applications may have important implications to how accessible the resulting product can be for visually-disabled users. This paper aimed to analyze four platforms to develop native and web-hybrid mobile Android applications, and to verify the adequacy of their interface components to implement mobile applications, in order to identify the main accessibility problems that could be encountered by developers when using them, and the main strategies to overcome those issues. We built 5 prototypes of mobile applications with the aim of adhering as much as possible to accessibility recommendations. The applications were built using techniques of native applications developed with Android Studio with and without Web components and hybrid development using the frameworks Apache Cordova, Ionic and Appcelerator Titanium. We then performed an accessibility inspection of a sample of 30 Android interface components present in 5 prototypes of mobile applications, to verify their adequacy for working with screen readers. The results showed that the prototypes developed using web components were more compatible with accessibility criteria in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0) and with the screen reader TalkBack. The most frequent accessibility problems in native components occurred in tables, headings and multimedia elements. We conclude by showing initial evidence that webbased components in hybrid applications developed using webhybrid and native with embedded web components currently have better support for accessibility than applications with only native components.

Sexual Assault Information Posted on College and University Websites: Size and Setting Matter

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Simmons ◽  
Joy A. Clay
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Websites ◽  
College And University ◽  
Stratified Sample

To better understand what and how institutions of higher education (IHEs) communicate information about sexual assault (SA) on their websites, the current cross-sectional descriptive exploratory study analyzed a stratified sample representing 15% of the IHE websites in the United States. Findings show the availability, location, and type of SA information posted on IHE websites differ based on student population and residential character. Large and primarily residential schools are more likely to include SA information, across multiple pages, with a wider informational span than other categories. However, informational gaps are apparent across all websites. Implications for policy and practice are highlighted.

Information to Help Stalking Victims on College and University Websites: It's Not Easy to Find

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Simmons ◽  
Joy A. Clay ◽  
Kayah Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
University Websites ◽  
College And University ◽  
Residential Characteristics ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Stalking Victims

Content analysis was used to explore the availability, type, and location of stalking prevention and intervention information posted on publicly available Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) websites. A stratified sample representing 20% of the IHEs in the United States (N = 619) across 12 stratified groups identified significant gaps in the information provided. A fourth of the sites posted no information about stalking of any kind. Of those that do include such information, much is difficult to find and focused on reporting to IHE authorities. Definitions, training, and other victim-focused resources are rarely included. Comparisons based on IHE student population (i.e., size) and residential characteristics (i.e., setting) identified notable variations across IHE classification groups. From these identified differences, recommendations to improve information delivery and accessibility are discussed.

Evaluasi Aksesibilitas Learning Object Berdasarkan Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Herru Darmadi ◽  
Yan Fi ◽  
Hady Pranoto
Keyword(s):  
Learning Objects ◽  
Authoring Tool ◽  
Learning Object ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Content Accessibility

Learning Object (LO) is a representation of interactive content that are used to enrich e-learning activities. The goals of this case study were to evaluate accessibility and compatibility factors from learning objects that were produced by using BINUS E-learning Authoring Tool. Data were compiled by using experiment to 30 learning objects by using stratified random sampling from seven faculties in undergraduate program. Data were analyzed using accessibility and compatibility tests based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 Level A. Results of the analysis for accessibility and compatibility tests of Learning Objects was 90% better than average. The result shows that learning objects is fully compatible with major web browser. This paper also presents five accessibility problems found during the test and provide recommendation to overcome the related problems. It can be concluded that the learning objects that were produced using BINUS E-learning Authoring Tool have a high compatibility, with minor accessibility problems. Learning objects with a good accessibility and compatibility will be beneficial to all learner with or without disabilities during their learning process. Index Terms—accessibility, compatibility, HTML, learning object, WCAG2.0, web

The BenToWeb Test Case Suites for the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0

2008 ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Strobbe ◽  
Johannes Koch ◽  
Evangelos Vlachogiannis ◽  
Reinhard Ruemer ◽  
Carlos A. Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Case ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Wcag 2.0 ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Content Accessibility ◽  
The Web

Supporting Accessible User Interfaces Using Web Services

2016 ◽  
pp. 866-884
Author(s):  
Georgios Bouloukakis ◽  
Ioannis Basdekis ◽  
Constantine Stephanidis
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Content Accessibility ◽  
The Web

Web services are an emerging technology that has attracted much attention from both the research and the industry sectors in recent years. The exploitation of Web services as components in Web applications facilitates development and supports application interoperability, regardless of the programming language and platform used. However, existing Web services development standards do not take into account the fact that the provided content and the interactive functionality should be accessible to, and easily operable by, people with disabilities. This chapter presents a platform named myWebAccess, which provides a mechanism for the semi-automated “repair” of Web services' interaction characteristics in order to support the automatic generation of interface elements that conform to the de facto standard of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. myWebAccess enhances interaction quality for specific target user groups, including people with visual and motor disabilities, and supports the use of Web services on diverse platforms (e.g., mobile phones equipped with a browser). The Web developers can build their own design templates and the users of myWebAccess can create a personalized environment containing their favourite services. Thus, they can interact with them through interfaces appropriate to their specific individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluating the web accessibility of IIT libraries: a study of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-145
Author(s):  
Subhajit Panda ◽  
Rupak Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Status ◽  
Accessibility Issues ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Library Websites ◽  
Content Accessibility

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate and identify the status of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) conformance levels (A, AA, AAA) and accessibility status in terms of Severity (Error, Warning and Review) and Responsibility (Editor, Webmaster and Developer) of Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) Library websites based on Siteimprove Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platform.Design/methodology/approachThe library websites of IITs were tested using Siteimprove web-tool to gather details pertaining to W3C's WCAG 2.1 standards. The data thus obtained were then visualized using spreadsheet software for greater insight. A partial correlation test was also done to assess the relationship between the three conformance levels.FindingsThe study could identify significant accessibility-related limitations of the IIT library websites concerning the three WCAG 2.1 conformance levels A (max IIT Bombay), AA (max IIT Dhanbad (ISM)) and AAA (max IIT Gandhinagar and IIT Varanasi (BHU)), Severity and Responsibility. A positive linear relationship exists amongst these conformance levels. The mean value of conformance levels were found to be 18.3 (A), 2.2 (AA) and 3.1 (AAA); Severity scores were found to be 14.4 (Error), 3.9 (Warning) and 5.2 (Review); and Responsibility scores were found to be 6 (Editor), 9.3 (Webmaster) and 8.3 (Developer), respectively.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the comparative picture of accessibility issues and conformance levels of the IITs' library website homepage with the help of results derived/based on Siteimprove Accessibility Checker. The findings of the study reveal that though the library website of IITs' in India possess a well-designed and easily navigable website homepage as far as their accessibility for VIPs is concerned, there are several issues that are still to be resolved.Social implicationsWorld Intellectual Property Organization's (WIPO) Marrakesh VIP Treaty (MVT) and the W3C's WCAG cater to the requirements and rights of the persons with vision-related disability of accessing information and knowledge building a steeper and deeper knowledge divide. Identifying and rectifying the shortcomings in the library websites will bridge the accessibility-divide and make the society more inclusive.Originality/valueNo previous study could be identified evaluating the accessibility issues of the library website of Indian IITs focussed on vision-disabled persons using Siteimprove. The methodology and approach of this paper have value in terms of reusability and reproducibility facilitating future studies.

scholarly journals A Heuristic Method for Evaluating Accessibility in Web-Based Serious Games for Users with Low Vision

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8803
Author(s):  
Luis Salvador-Ullauri ◽  
Patricia Acosta-Vargas ◽  
Mario Gonzalez ◽  
Sergio Luján-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Serious Games ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Content Accessibility

Nowadays, serious games have become a beneficial resource in the learning process; they are part of our culture and promote social inclusion. Designing accessible serious games is a complete challenge, even more for non-experts. Most existing serious games do not meet accessibility standards because of a lack of methods that include standards and help create more accessible serious games. For this reason, our research presents a heuristic method with three modifications to Giorgio Brajnik’s barrier walkthrough method and based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1). We defined 28 barriers for the users with low vision and the related impact and persistence variables by defining severity ranges to evaluate accessibility. This method allows measuring the accessibility of web-based serious games; the method proposed in this article can be a good help for non-experts. As a case study, this heuristic method was applied to 40 web-based serious games. The evaluators concluded that serious games should apply WCAG 2.1 to achieve an adequate and inclusive accessibility level. However, this study has limitations; the heuristic method depends on the evaluators’ experience. This work can contribute to studies related to accessibility heuristics in serious games; it can also help construct a software tool that applies WCAG 2.1 and helps experts and non-experts evaluate accessibility in serious games.

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