Estimating rotation angle from asymmetric projection of chest

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhonghang Wu ◽  
Pengfei Hou ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Tianbao Zhu ◽  
Peipei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
New Method ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Thoracic Cage ◽  
Technical Adequacy ◽  
Width Difference ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Chest Examination ◽  
Two Sides

BACKGROUND: Manual or machine-based analysis of chest radiographs needs the images acquired with technical adequacy. Currently, the equidistance between the medial end of clavicles and the center of spinous processes serves as the only criterion to assess whether a frontal PA chest radiograph is taken with any rotation. However, this measurement is normally difficult to implement because there exists overlapping of anatomies within the region. Moreover, there is no way available to predict exact rotating angles even the distances were correctly measured from PA chest radiographs. OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively assess positioning adequacy of PA chest examination, this study proposes and investigates a new method to estimate rotation angles from asymmetric projection of thoracic cage on radiographs. METHOD: By looking into the process of radiographic projection, generalized expressions have been established to correlate rotating angles of thorax with projection difference of left and right sides of thoracic cage. A trunk phantom with different positioning angles is employed to acquire radiographs as standard reference to verify the theoretical expressions. RESULTS: The angles estimated from asymmetric projections of thoracic cage yield good agreement with those actual rotated angles, and an approximate linear relationship exists between rotation angle and asymmetric projection of thoracic cage. Under the experimental projection settings, every degree of rotation corresponds to the width difference of two sides of thoracic cage around 13–14 pixels. CONCLUSION: The proposed new method may be used to quantify rotating angles of chest and assess image quality for thoracic radiographic examination.

Simulation and Implementation of HLA-Based Branch Predictor of Multi-Pipeline Processor

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4952-4957
Author(s):  
Ji Hua Ye ◽  
Qi Xie ◽  
Yao Hong Xiahou
Keyword(s):  
Simulation System ◽  
New Method ◽  
High Level Architecture ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Branch Predictor ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Two Sides

Researched how the multi-pipeline processor accelerates the running of thread ,found that when the branch predictor facing the random branch instruction, the hit rate will become very low, so bring out a new method that using the free pipeline to accelerate the running of branch instruction. If the right prediction from branch predictor is less than 70% and there is a free pipeline, then using two pipelines to run the two sides of a branch instruction at the same time. In order to test the new method, the HLA (High Level architecture) architecture-based simulation system is established, the results show that the new method can really reduce the time when processing the random branch instructions.

scholarly journals Optimasi Faktor Eksposi pada Pemeriksaan Radiografi Thorax menggunakan Computed Radiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Sri Sugiarti ◽  
Surip Surip ◽  
Merrytiana Fadila
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Exposure Factor ◽  
Chest Examination ◽  
Correlational Method

Concerning radiation safety must meet several radiation protection requirements which include justification or utilization of nuclear power, dose limitation, optimization of protection, and radiation safety. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimization of the exposure factor selection and determine the radiation dose received by the patient based on the selection of exposure factors on the thorax examination. The author observed the use of exposure factors on chest radiographic examination with a sample of 60 people. The design of this study uses the correlational method. The independent variables in this study are age, body weight, object thickness, kV, and mAs. Dependent variable exposure to radiation dose on chest examination. The conclusion of this study is the dose exposure level is influenced by age, object thickness, weight, and use of exposure factors which will then be obtained by the DRL (Diagnostic Reference Level) value.

scholarly journals Segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord and syringomyelia in a calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Samara de Paula Lopes ◽  
Yasmin Daoualibi ◽  
Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena ◽  
Vinícius Vasconcellos da Cruz Gonçalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinous Processes

ABSTRACT: Congenital malformations are functional and structural changes in organ systems, tissues, or organs that may develop during the embryonic or fetal phase. Spinal cord malformations, such as segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord (SHSC) and syringomyelia, are rare in bovines. A Girolando calf from Valença, Rio de Janeiro, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro because of motor incoordination. Clinical evaluation revealed a 5-cm depression area in the spine at the dorsal line of the thoracic region. Neurological examination revealed reduced proprioception, pelvic limb extension with increased nociceptive activity, and reduced anal reflex. In radiographic examination, the body of the T11 vertebra had a trapezoidal wedge shape with ventral hemivertebra, probable agenesis or hypoplasia of the T11-T12 spinous processes, and fusion of the T9-T10 spinous processes. Myelography revealed extradural spinal compression caused by vertebral malformations. Necropsy showed no spinous processes (T11-T12), cranial stenosis in the medullary canal (T11-T13), and 1-3-mm pores in the white matter of the thoracic spinal cord (T8-T11). Microscopy revealed cystic dilatations in the white matter (T9-T11), cystic areas of varying sizes (T8-T9), and moderate reduction in the gray matter around the central canal of the medulla (T11-T13). Here, we reported the clinical and pathological findings of SHSC and syringomyelia in a Girolando calf. The features should be differentiated from other spinal cord syndromes. Congenital malformations are of economic importance, and their etiology and diagnosis are fundamental to disease control and progenitor-selection programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Overall Stability for Garage Foundation Excavation of High Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 757-762
Author(s):  
Han Yunshan ◽  
Wu Han ◽  
Dong Yanli ◽  
Wang Yuanlong
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
New Method ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Resistance Moment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
High Building

In current projects, many garages were built after the main structure finished. However, the excavation of garage foundation not only changed the bearing capacity modification by depth, but also makes the soil pressure along the two sides become different. And thus the stress condition of the main building foundations is changed. The change of stress condition affects the stability of main structure directly. Based on the stress condition of high buildings foundation after one side excavation, the change of settlement under the eccentric action was studied. The change of settlement makes the tilt turning appear and thus makes the overturning resistance moment change. The dynamic principle of stability safety factors were also investigated in this paper. The effect of settlement affected by the change of stress condition was considered in the stability analysis of high building. This new method can better and truly evaluate the effect of excavation of foundation on the stability of overturning resistance than the traditional method considering only the static load-carrying capability. The operation of the new method is stronger in the project application for its clear mechanism.

A New Method of Dimensional Synthesis for Planar 4-Bar Path Generation With Prescribed Timing

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Xin ◽  
Chu Jinkui ◽  
Wu Chen ◽  
Cao Weiqing
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
New Method ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Angle Function ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Path Synthesis ◽  
First Time

Abstract Mathematical equations for 4-bar path generation on an arbitrarily arranged mechanism are set up by using complex number and Fourier series theory in this paper. The harmonic components of path generation on the coupler are carried out by systematic study. According to the conception of Coupler Rotation-Angle Operator (in short CRAO) about coupler’s rotation-angle function, a new method of determining the position for a coupler point, real dimensions and installing dimensions of the linkage is established for the first time. Based on this thinking, the concrete steps of dimension synthesis for path generation with prescribed timing are formed, and the method of path synthesis by using harmonic characteristic parameters is developed and further prefect is made.

New Method Based on Improved Double Ball Bar for Measuring Geometric Motion Errors of Coordinate Measuring Machine

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Yinbiao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
New Method ◽  
Separation Algorithm ◽  
Double Ball Bar ◽  
Ball Bar ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Geometric Motion

In this paper, an optimized method of measuring the geometric motion errors of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is proposed. The method is based on an improved double ball bar (DBB) that acquires the motion and link errors of the CMM and its actual rotation angles through simultaneous circular tests. The improved DBB has embedded a ring encoder system to the bottom of a commercial DBB on an auxiliary platform. In addition, an improved motion and link error separation algorithm is established by considering the difference angle Δθ between the actual rotation angle and the theoretical rotation angle of the DBB. Both influential factors of the center offset of the DBB and Δθ are discussed through simulations. When geometric motion errors are compensated for and measured on a 400 mm × 400 mm × 150 mm CMM, the standard deviations of the roundness errors decrease to 1.9 μm and 1.5 μm on the XY and ZX planes, respectively.

scholarly journals Thoracic proportions in children without scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
J Kennedy ◽  
T. Hoffman ◽  
H. Unasa ◽  
C. Frampton ◽  
A. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Thoracic Cage ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Lateral Chest

Purpose Scoliosis is a condition of abnormal growth resulting in 3D deformity of both the spine and thoracic cage. The aim of this study is to use chest radiographs of healthy children to define normal thoracic proportions so as to provide a useful normal reference range against which children with spinal deformity can be compared. Methods Three independent reviewers assessed posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs of 184 normal children aged between two and 15 years. Duplicate assessments were undertaken by all three raters on 36 of these radiographs. We measured the T1 to T12 length, sternal length, chest depth at T6, chest width at T3, chest width at T6 and maximum chest width. Ratios of thoracic dimensions were calculated to define the normal proportions of the thorax. Inter- and intra-rater variance was estimated for all dimensions and dimension ratios. Results The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was excellent with intra-class-correlation coefficients values > 80% and both intra- and inter-rater coefficients of variance < 9% for all parameters. All measured dimensions of the thorax and spine progressed linearly with respect to age. The mean proportions of T1 to 12 length of the sternal length, chest depth at T6, chest width at T3, chest width at T6 and maximum chest width were 0.5, 0.4, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0, respectively. Conclusion It is possible to accurately and reproducibly measure the dimensions of the thoracic cage and spine on plain film radiology. The ratios of T1 to T12 length with respect to sternal length, chest depth at T6, chest width at T3, chest width at T6 and maximum chest remain constant with increasing age. Thoracic dimensions in children progress linearly with increasing age. Level of Evidence V

Optimum radiographic examination for consideration of compensation awards: I. General methodology and application to chest examination

1980 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Eisenberg ◽  
MW Hedgcock ◽  
EA Williams ◽  
BJ Lyden ◽  
Akin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
Chest Examination

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid S. Al Umairi ◽  
Ishaq Al Salmi ◽  
Jokha Al Kalbani ◽  
Atheel Kamona ◽  
Saqar Al Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Chest X Ray

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between the severity of the initial chest x-ray abnormalities in patients with confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the final outcomes. Methods: Retrospectively, we identified serial chest radiographs of 64 patients (57 men, 7 women, with mean age of 50 years) admitted to the Royal Hospital between March 15, 2020 and May 30, 2020 with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The chest radiographs were examined for presence, extent, distribution and progression pattern of radiological abnormalities. Each lung field was divided into 3 zones on each CXR and a score was allocated for each zone. The scores (0 [normal], 1 [mild] to 4 [severe]) for all six zones per chest radiographic examination were summed to provide a cumulative chest radiographic score (range, 0–24). Results: The initial CXR was abnormal in 60 patients (93.8%). The most common finding was ground glass opacity (58/64, 90.6%), followed by consolidation (50/64, 78.1%). The majority of the patients had bilateral (51/64, 85%), multifocal (57/64 95%) combined central and peripheral (36/64, 60%) lung abnormalities. The median score of initial CXR for deceased patients was significantly higher than those who recovered (17 vs 11 respectively; P = 0.009). Five CXR evolution patterns were identified: type I (initial radiograph deteriorates then improves), type II (fluctuate), type III (static), type IV (progressive deterioration) and type V (progressive improvement). Conclusion: Higher baseline chest radiograph score is associated with higher mortality rate and poor prognosis in those with COVID-19 pneumonia. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Chest X-ray; Scoring System; Pneumonia; Prognosis; Outcome; Severity; Consolidation; Ground-glass.

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