scholarly journals THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE OF NON-MUSLIM LEADERS IN INDONESIAN MUSLIM MAJORITY COMMUNITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Ali Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Mohd Shahril Bin Ahmad Razimi ◽  
Moh. Mukri ◽  
Is Susanto
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Law ◽  
Taking Care

One of the issues that often arise in the national politics and up to now is still warm is the rejection of non-Muslim leadership in the Muslim community. This problem arises due to differences in the views of scholars in understanding the verses of the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet. In order to solve these problems, this article seeks to find sources of library data and then describes the reality of non-Muslim leadership in Indonesia. The results showed that the scholars differed in opinion regarding the permissibility of non-Muslim leaders. First, forbid choosing non-Muslim leaders because they have similarities in interpreting lafadz awliya 'with helpers and leaders. Second, they allow non-Muslim leaders for Muslim-majority areas because they hold the view that lafadz awliya' is no longer appropriate in the current context. In the perspective of Islam, a leader is called the caliph al-nubuwwah as the successor of the Prophet in world affairs, religion, or the state, therefore the law authorizing non-Muslims to handle the affairs of Muslims is haram, the law is like asking non-Muslims for help to fight rebels, and so on. as well as taking care of the affairs of the Muslims in general, this is in accordance with the letter al-Maidah verse 51 concerning the inability to control the administrative affairs of the Muslims to non-Muslims

The Concept of State in Islam

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Justice Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Law ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Universe

The state in Islam is founded on certain principles which, according tothe faith of a Muslim, are laid down in the Qur’an and Sunnah of the HolyProphet. The first principle is that all authority in the universe vests inAllah, Who is the Omnipotent and Omnipresent Creater of the universe.Thus, according to a Muslim’s faith Allah alone must be obeyed to theexclusion of all others, and obedience may be rendered to man only underAllah’s command in the case of the Prophets whereunder renderingobedience is in fact to Allah and not to human beings. The secondprinciple is that the law has already been laid down by Allah in the formof commands of what is good and what is evil, in the Qur’an, which is thepure word of Allah whereas Sunnah of the Holy Prophet is theauthoritative exposition of the Qur’an. These commands have been sentin the form of revelation from time to time to the Prophets for theguidance of mankind, the last being the Holy Prophet Muhammad(Peace be upon him) through whom the faith had been completed andperfkcted in the Qur’an. Allah has already placed in the nature of manthe knowledge of good and evil and has furhter clarified the distinctionbetween good and evil in the Qur’an. Thus, the law of Allah, properlycalled, consists of Awumar and Nawuhi (the positive and negativeinjunctions of the Qur’an) and it is on this basis that according to aMuslim’s faith all legislation has already been made by Allah and everyMuslim is enjoined to promote good and to suppress evil.In the Qur’an no mode of lite is prescribed for a politically andeconomically subjugated Muslim community. In Sura 4: Verse 59 theMuslims are commanded to obey Allah, to obey the Holy Prophet andthose having authority over them, who are from amongst them.Consequently, a Muslim is to render obedience firstly to Allah, then tothe Holy Prophet, lastly to those members of the Muslim comminity whocommand authority over him provided that they are acting only inexecution of the commands of Allah and the Holy Prophet. So, it isevident that rendering obedience to those who command authority over ...

scholarly journals Fatwa On Waqf: Specialized Analysis In Hand Over Of Waqf Lands by State Authority

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Mohd Afandi Bin Mat Rani
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
State Council ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

This paper tries to analyze the fatwa regarding issues of hand over of waqf lands to the State Authorities which have been going on since the year 1951 to 2006. Though it may only focus on several states in Malaysia, such revelations can act as strong exemplary of the current and overall fatwa that has been issued by the authorized party. This is due to the idea that the approaches and development of fatwa are very much similar to each other. However, fatwa regarding the law of hand over of waqf lands by the government are rarely discussed and are often decided by the State Fatwa Committee as well as the National Fatwa Committee. Despite the hand over as an intention for country’s development, the procedures in dealing with this issue are not correctly applied as approved by the Mufti nor is it referred to Islamic State Council or ‘Majlis Agama Islam Negeri’ (MAIN), including the waqf lands entrusted to the Muslim community. This could be the effect of Land Acquisition Act 1960 which stood out more than its counterpart; MAIN, though the latter being the only authorized endowment trustee in Malaysia. This paper addresses various issues on constraints of waqf procedures and suggestions in improving its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Kepedulian Muslim Perkotaan terhadap Kehalalan Makanan Produk Pengusaha Mikro Kecil (Kasus pada Masyarakat Muslim Minoritas di Kota Kupang, NTT)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Dandung Budi Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

As a country with a Muslim majority, it is not uncommon for the state to protect the Islamic community from consuming food, drugs and cosmetics that originate from non-halal substances and ingredients. In reality, the state has yet to provide certain guarantee regarding the halal status of a product in accordance to the Islamic law. There are still very few food products from the micro and small industries that posses and propose for halal certification. Micro and small entrepreneurs as of current remain unconcerned regarding the halal status of their products, despite the availability of assistance in the certification process. What about the case in which a minority Muslim community resides amidst a community of non-muslim majority with its local regulation and character in the city of Kupang? For that reason, this explorative research which employed a mixed-method approach will attempt to answer the following questions: (1) what are the concern of urban Muslim community in the city of Kupang regarding the halal status of micro/small business food products; and (2) what factors influence the concern of the Muslim community in the city of Kupang regarding the halal status of micro/small business food products. The objectives of this research are: (1) obtain an outlook on the concern of Muslim community in the city of Kupang regarding the halal status of micro/small business food products; (2) obtain understanding on actions undertaken based on the concern of Muslim community in the city of Kupang regarding the halal status of micro/small business food products; and (3) to identify the factors influencing the concern of Muslim community in the city of Kupang regarding the halal status of micro/small business food products.The research result shows a high concern of Muslim community in the city of Kupang regarding the halal status of micro/small business food products. It is proven that as much as 77% of respondents stated they always checked the halal label of packaged food, 48% of respondents stated that they always asked fast food vendors whether lard based oil is used, 86% of respondents said that they would speak fairly if they knew that a chicken vendor is selling meat that has gone bad, 97% of respondents said they refused to continue their purchase when entering a restaurant offering menu of chicken, goat, or beef that is processed side by side with pork, and as much as 88% of respondents stated that they would report a seller who mixes chicken or other meat with pork. The high level of concern demonstrated by the Muslim community in the city of Kupang is caused by a sociological factor, wherein being a minor community living in a community with differing religious norms has in fact triggered the community’s awareness in the importance of halal products.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ю. М. Оборотов
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Law

В современной методологии юриспруденции происходит переход от изучения состо­яний ее объекта, которыми выступают право и государство, к постижению этого объек­та в его изменениях и превращениях. Две подсистемы методологии юриспруденции, подсистема обращенная к состоянию права и государства; и подсистема обращенная к изменениям права и государства, — получают свое отображение в концептуальной форме, методологических подходах, методах, специфических понятиях. Показательны перемены в содержании методологии юриспруденции, где определяю­щее значение имеют методологические подходы, определяющие стратегию исследова­тельских поисков во взаимосвязи юриспруденции с правом и государством. Среди наи­более характерных подходов антропологический, аксиологический, цивилизационный, синергетический и герменевтический — определяют плюралистичность современной методологии и свидетельствуют о становлении новой парадигмы методологии юриспру­денции.   In modern methodology of jurisprudence there is a transition from the study the states of its object to its comprehension in changes and transformations. Hence the two subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence: subsystem facing the states of the law and the state as well as their components and aspects; and subsystem facing the changes of the law and the state in general and their constituents. These subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence receive its reflection in conceptual form, methodological approaches, methods, specific concepts. Methodology of jurisprudence should not be restricted to the methodology of legal theory. In this regard, it is an important methodological question about subject of jurisprudence. It is proposed to consider the subject of jurisprudence as complex, covering both the law and the state in their specificity, interaction and integrity. Indicative changes in the content methodology of jurisprudence are the usage of decisive importance methodological approaches that govern research strategy searches in conjunction with the law and the state. Among the most characteristic of modern development approaches: anthropological, axiological, civilization, synergistic and hermeneutic. Modern methodology of jurisprudence is pluralistic in nature alleging various approaches to the law and the state. Marked approaches allow the formation of a new paradigm methodology of jurisprudence.

Urgensi Assesment Report Dalam Omnibus Law RUU Cipta Kerja

ADALAH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Rahmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
The Law ◽  
Scientific Arguments

Abstract:A draft law must be able to answer and solve the main problem of the society so that with the existence of the law the community gets legal protection from the state. However, the draft of Cipta Kerja Law makes an endless controversy. In fact, the draft was allegedly containing some problems since its appearance. Therefore, academic research (Assesment Report) is needed so that the rules in the draft have basic scientific arguments that can be justified. Unfortunately, the draft does not conduct an assesment report to know whether the society need the law and urgent.Keywords: Legal Protection, Controversy and Assesment Report Abstrak:Sebuah rancangan undang-undang harus dapat menjawab dan menyentuh pokok permasalahan masyarakat sehingga dengan adanya undang-undang tersebut masyarakat mendapatkan sebuah perlindungan hukum dari negara. Namun, dalam RUU Cipta Kerja ini justru berakibat pada kontroversi yang tiada hentinya. Bahkan, disinyalir RUU ini mengandung kecacatan sejak awal pembentukannya. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan penelitian akademis sehingga aturan-aturan yang ada dalam RUU ini mempunyai basis argumentasi ilmiah yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan yang salah satunya adalah dengan membuat Laporan Kelayakan. Sayangnya RUU ini belum melakukan laporan kelayakan apakah RUU ini dibutuhkan dan penting di masyarakat.Katakunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Kontroversi dan Laporan Kelayakan

NIKAH SIRI DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM TEORITIS DAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Aidil Alfin ◽  
Busyro Busyro
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Law

The differences of laws in marriage registration have generated argumentative conflicts among the ulama. Some of them agree and the others disagree. Ulama who agree say that proscribing secretly marriage (nikah siri) is in accordance to Islamic law. Even though the regulation about marriage registration has been written in The Indonesian Act No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and in the Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesian, the practice of secret marriage is still existed among Indonesian Muslim society. They base their practices on what some of local ShafiiyahUlema say all the time that this kind of marriage is in accordance to shari’ah. It is common to say that Shafi’ischool of law is the largest shari’ahschool of law in Indonesia. In the sociology of Islamic law, most of the scholars in Indonesia who adhere to the Shafi'i school and also most of the Indonesian Muslim community adhere to the same school, may have a significant influence on the constraints of reform of Islamic law related to the registration of marriages in particular and other matters about marriage in general contained in the Law No. 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesia.

The Constitutional Principle of Accountability: A Study of Contemporary South African Case Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuks Okpaluba
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Many

‘Accountability’ is one of the democratic values entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa, 1996. It is a value recognised throughout the Constitution and imposed upon the law-making organs of state, the Executive, the Judiciary and all public functionaries. This constitutional imperative is given pride of place among the other founding values: equality before the law, the rule of law and the supremacy of the Constitution. This study therefore sets out to investigate how the courts have grappled with the interpretation and application of the principle of accountability, the starting point being the relationship between accountability and judicial review. Therefore, in the exercise of its judicial review power, a court may enquire whether the failure of a public functionary to comply with a constitutional duty of accountability renders the decision made illegal, irrational or unreasonable. One of the many facets of the principle of accountability upon which this article dwells is to ascertain how the courts have deployed that expression in making the state and its agencies liable for the delictual wrongs committed against an individual in vindication of a breach of the individual’s constitutional right in the course of performing a public duty. Here, accountability and breach of public duty; the liability of the state for detaining illegal immigrants contrary to the prescripts of the law; the vicarious liability of the state for the criminal acts of the police and other law-enforcement officers (as in police rape cases and misuse of official firearms by police officers), and the liability of the state for delictual conduct in the context of public procurement are discussed. Having carefully analysed the available case law, this article concludes that no public functionary can brush aside the duty of accountability wherever it is imposed without being in breach of a vital constitutional mandate. Further, it is the constitutional duty of the courts, when called upon, to declare such act or conduct an infringement of the Constitution.

PERSINGGUNGAN KEWENANGAN MENGADILI PENYALAHGUNAAN DISKRESI ANTARA PENGADILAN TUN DAN PENGADILAN TIPIKOR / INTERCEPTION OF JUSTICE AUTHORITY OF DISCRETION ABUSE BETWEEN ADMINISTRATION COURT AND CORRUPTION COURTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Budi Suhariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
State Finance ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Receive

Diskresi sebagai wewenang bebas, keberadaannya rentan akan disalahgunakan. Penyalahgunaan diskresi yang berimplikasi merugikan keuangan negara dapat dituntutkan pertanggungjawabannya secara hukum administrasi maupun hukum pidana. Mengingat selama ini peraturan perundang-undangan tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi tidak merumuskan secara rinci yang dimaksudkan unsur menyalahgunakan kewenangan maka para hakim menggunakan konsep penyalahgunaan wewenang dari hukum administrasi. Problema muncul saat diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 dimana telah memicu persinggungan dalam hal kewenangan mengadili penyalahgunaan wewenang (termasuk diskresi) antara Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara dengan Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Pada perkembangannya, persinggungan kewenangan mengadili tersebut ditegaskan oleh Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2015 bahwa PTUN berwenang menerima, memeriksa, dan memutus permohonan penilaian ada atau tidak ada penyalahgunaan wewenang (termasuk diskresi) dalam Keputusan dan/atau Tindakan Pejabat Pemerintahan sebelum adanya proses pidana. Sehubungan tidak dijelaskan tentang definisi dan batasan proses pidana yang dimaksud, maka timbul penafsiran yang berbeda. Perlu diadakan kesepakatan bersama dan dituangkan dalam regulasi tentang tapal batas persinggungan yang jelas tanpa meniadakan kewenangan pengujian penyalahgunaan wewenang diskresi pada Pengadilan TUN.Discretion as free authority is vulnerable to being misused. The abuse of discretion implicating the state finance may be prosecuted by both administrative and criminal law. In view of the fact that the law on corruption eradication does not formulate in detail the intended element of authority abuse, the judges use the concept of authority abuse from administrative law. Problems arise when the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 triggered an interception in terms of justice/ adjudicate authority on authority abuse (including discretion) between the Administrative Court and Corruption Court. In its development, the interception of justice authority is affirmed by Regulation of the Supreme Court Number 4 of 2015 that the Administrative Court has the authority to receive, examine and decide upon the appeal there is or there is no misuse of authority in the Decision and / or Action of Government Officials prior to the criminal process. That is, shortly before the commencement of the criminal process then that's when the authority of PTUN decides to judge the misuse of authority over the case. In this context, Perma No. 4 of 2015 has imposed restrictions on the authority of the TUN Court in prosecuting the abuse of discretionary authority.

TANGGUNGJAWAB REKTOR SEBAGAI KPA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI YANG MENYELENGGARAKAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN BADAN LAYANAN UMUM (PTN PK-BLU)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Dewi Kania Sugiharti ◽  
Muhammad Ziaurahman ◽  
Sechabudin Sechabudin
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

Universities that apply the concept of Public Service Agency (BLU - PK PTN ) in performing functions as an organ which is engaged in the service infrastructure support through goods or services . As an institution under the auspices of the government and the state budget receives PTN PK - BLU implement mechanisms to acquire goods or services in accordance with the law. However, the procurement process in obtaining goods or services sometimes poses problems that arise as a consequence of the passage of the procurement of goods or services involving the organs in it as PA / KPA , KDP , ULP , and Committee / Receiver Procurement Officer. Rector of the KPA in PK - BLU PTN has the authority to control the organs that carry out the process of procurement of goods / services in the environment . Errors in the procurement process of goods / services performed by the CO and the ULP / Procurement Officer causing state losses due to these errors, either due to negligence or unlawful acts. As the KPA in the process of procurement of goods / services Rector can control the organs in accordance with the authority given. The consequences are acceptable if the authorities ultimately the procurement of goods / services did not heed the warning Rector officials related procurement process of goods / services will receive sanctions. Keywords: Authorized Budget, Financial State.

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