scholarly journals Preliminary results on tomato breeding (Lycopersicon) in the Republic of Dagestan

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
N. Velizhanov

Abstract. The aim of the work is to separate from hybrid generations (F3-F4) the promising material of high-temperature stress resistance. Scientific novelty. Testing the growth of the germ root at 35, 38 and especially 43 °C is an effective method of differentiating tomato genotypes and identifying their resistance to heat. As a result of our studies of inter-grade and remote hybridization, tomato lines have been obtained, combining heat-resistantness with high productivity and valuable biochemical indicators of fruit quality. Methods. The material for research served 11 promising varieties and lines of tomato. Dedicated genetic sources of heat resistance were included in inter-grade crossings. The selection of genotypes for heat-resistantness in the field was carried out taking into account the complex of morphological and agrochemical features (type and strength of plant growth, bush foliage, phenology, shape and size of the fruit, general productivity of commodity fruits, the mass of the fetus). Results. It has been established that in varieties and lines of tomato, created as a result of inter-grade and interspecies interbreeding, heat-resistant sporophyte varied to large limits depending on the genotype and temperature level. The fruit's product ranged depending on the genotype and the year of cultivation (71.8–98.3 %). All forms turned out to be large-fruited – the weight of the fruit was from 87.8–124.6 g. L132, L204, L112 lines stood out as early forms. The dry matter content of all the genotypes studied is high, as it is above 5.0 %, except for the lines L122, L211 dry matter content of which was 4.74 and 4.58 %, respectively. Vitamin C was highest in L143 (63.32), L141 (62.65), L112 (63.38).

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Аминова ◽  
Evgeniya Aminova ◽  
Мушинский ◽  
Aleksandr Mushinskiy ◽  
Герасимова ◽  
...  

The purpose of research is to identify the most adaptive and productive varieties of potatoes for the steppe zone of Southern Urals. The experience was laid by one-factor circuit in 3-fold repetition. The studies were conducted for middle- and middle-early varieties of potatoes domestic and foreign selection. Determined yield, marketability, starch and dry content in potato tubers. At 4 years of data were allocated potato varieties – Artemis (57.8 t/ha), Aerrow (52.0 t/ha) and Romano (49.5 t/ha). Distinguished highest yield of marketable products varieties: Artemis – 97.9%, Tarasov – 97.7%, and Aerrow Romano – 97.4%. The starch content in tubers was measurable by 10.2% (Ed Scarlett) to 16.0% (Kovalenko Memory), and the dry matter content in tubers ranged from 15.6% (Ed Scarlett) to 23.8% (Memory Kovalenko).


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Ирек Бикчантаев ◽  
Irek Bikchantaev ◽  
Шамиль Шакиров ◽  
Shamil' Shakirov ◽  
Марсель Тагиров ◽  
...  

For the production of high quality silage, and reduction of losses of biological yield, the use of effective biological preparations is topical. In order to reveal the effectiveness of the preservation of nutrients from plant raw materials, a number of laboratory studies were carried out in 2016-2017 in the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture (TatNIISKh). The object of research was haylage harvested from the green mass of alfalfa, grown on the experimental field “TatNIISh” in Laishevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The nutritional value of the conserved green mass of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) variety Aisleau in the phase of budding with different moisture was analyzed. Preservation of the planted plant mass was carried out using biological preparations Biotrof (St. Petersburg), Ferbak-Sil (Kazan), Bioamid-3 (Saratov). The variant with biological preparation Biotroph served as the control. The maximum content of exchange energy (EE), with an increased concentration of phytomass moisture, was established in the control sample, which was 2.36 MJ/kg and was higher than the experimental samples with Bioamid-3 and Ferbak-Sil preparations at 6.78 and 3.82 %. With an increased dry matter content in the green mass of alfalfa, this indicator was the maximum in the sample with the preparation Bioamid-3 (3.67 MJ/kg), which was higher than the control by 4.56%. The leader in the concentration of crude protein and crude fiber, with a high moisture content of raw materials, was set in a control sample and amounted to 6.11 and 6.07%, which were higher than the prototypes with Bioamid-3 and Ferbak-Sil preservatives by 0.33 and 0.16%, 0.76 and 0.48% respectively. The leading preservative for the preservation of raw protein and crude fiber, with reduced moisture content of raw materials, showed the drug Bioamid-3, whose indices were above the control by 0.39 and 0.23%.


2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Milne ◽  
C. Direen ◽  
E. Kitson ◽  
P. Evans ◽  
R.G. Cleland ◽  
...  

Abstract More than 11 cultivars of fodder beet are marketed to farmers, but with little refereed data on differences in potential yield. Trials were established in spring 2012 to evaluate the yield, dry matter content of bulbs, and proportion out of the ground of 13 beet cultivars, at four sites in the South Island. There were differences between cultivars for yield, field emergence, dry matter percentage (DM%) of the bulb, and percentage of the bulb out of the ground. The cultivars 'Enermax' (19.37 t dry matter/ha), 'Magnum' (18.98), 'Bangor' (17.83), 'Troya' (17.54) and 'Kyros' (17.39) were more productive than 'Brigadier' (14.00), which was similar to 'Feldherr' (15.15). There were no interactions between cultivar performance and site. These trials prove that the selection of cultivar has a large effect on the yield and profitability of fodder beet crops. Keywords: Fodder beet, Beta vulgaris, yield, dry matter, cultivars, fertiliser, disease.


Author(s):  
V.K. Serderov ◽  
T.G. Khanbabaev ◽  
D.V. Serderovа

Наряду с правильной организацией базой хранения, для эффективного использования картофеля большое значение имеет его переработка. Содержание сухого вещества один из показателей качества пригодности сортов картофеля для его переработки. В статье обобщены результаты оценки урожайности сортов картофеля в климатических условиях высокогорья Республики Дагестан и содержания в клубнях сухого вещества как критерия пригодности сортов для переработки на картофелепродукты. Исследования проводили в опорном пункте Курахский , МО Курахский район Республики Дагестан, расположенном на высоте 2000 2200 м над уровнем моря в 2017 и 2018 годах. Контроль районированный в республике среднеранний сорт Волжанин. Схема посадки 70 30 см, повторность четырехкратная. Почвенный покров представлен горными каштановыми среднесуглинистыми почвами. Содержание гумуса 2,91-3,01. Питательными веществами почвы обеспечены в средней степени: гидролизуемого азота 2,2-3,5 мг, подвижного фосфора 4-6 мг и обменного калия 12,5-16,5 мг на 100 г. Погодные условия вегетационных периодов были благоприятные для возделывания картофеля. Средняя температура воздуха во время посадки (май) составила 11-12 С, а во время вегетации летние месяцы 14-16 С. Опытные участки расположены опыты в засушливой зоне, так как выпадающие осадки во время вегетации (в среднем 60-80 мм в месяц) недостаточны для роста и развития картофеля. За время вегетации были проведены пять поливов по бороздам из расчета 50 л на м2 (500 м3/га). По урожайности (31,438,7 т/га) в сравнении с контролем выделились сорта: Импала, Ирбитский, Жуковский ранний, Манифест, Матушка, Невский, Примобелла, Розара, Сильвана, Спиридон и Удача. По содержанию сухого вещества (25,829,1) в сравнении с контролем выделились сорта: Алена, Нарт, Гиоконда, Матушка, Росси, Вектор, Примобелла, Импало и Дезире.Along with the correct organization of storage base, for the effective use of potatoes, its processing is of great importance. The dry matter content is one of the indicators of the quality of potato cultivars suitability for processing. The article summarizes the results of assessment of the yield of potato cultivars in the climatic conditions of the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan and the content of dry matter in tubers as a criterion for the suitability of cultivars for processing into potato products. The research was carried out in the reference point Kurakhsky, MO Kurakhsky district of the Republic of Dagestan, located at an altitude of 2000-2200 m above sea level in 2017 and 2018. Control-zoned in the Republic of mid-early cultivar Volzhanin. Planting scheme is 70 30 cm, repeat-four times. The soil is mountain brown medium loamy. Humus content is 2.91-3.01. Soil nutrients are provided to an average extent: hydrolyzed nitrogen 2.2-3.5 mg, mobile phosphorus 4-6 mg and exchange potassium 12.5-16.5 mg per 100 g. The weather conditions of the growing season were favourable for potato growing. The average air temperature during planting (May) was 11-12 C, and during the growing season the summer months was 14-16 C. Experimental plots are located in the arid zone, as precipitation during the growing season (on average 60-80 mm per month) is not sufficient for the growth and development of potatoes. During the growing season, five furrow irrigation was carried out at the rate of 50 l per m2 (500 m3/ha). In terms of yield (31.438.7 t/ha) in comparison with the control, the following cultivars were distinguished: Impala, Irbitsky, Zhukovsky ranniy, Manifest, Matushka, Nevsky, Primobella, Rosara, Silvana, Spiridon and Udacha. According to the dry matter content (25.829.1) in comparison with the control, the following cultivars were distinguished: Alena, Nart, Gioconda, Matushka, Rossi, Vector, Primobella, Impala and Desire.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2(52)) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Oleg Viktorovich Dymar ◽  
Maryia Romanovna Yakovleva ◽  
Oksana Konstantinovna Nikulina ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Koloskova

Application of sugar beet molasses as a secondary resource for the extraction of sugar is a topical issue, which will reduce the loss of sucrose during the processing of sugar beets and increase the economic efficiency of the sugar industry of the Republic of Belarus. Initially it is necessary to reduce the ash content for further desugarisation molasses. This study investigated removal of the ash content of the beet molasses solution with electromembrane equipment applying. The article reflects the results of studies on the possibility of reducing the salinity of a solution of beet molasses using electrodialysis at various voltages applied to the electrodes from 10 to 30 V. In the initial raw material and the final product, the electrical conductivity, optical density and dry matter content were determined, on the basis of which a conclusion was made about the expediency of using electrodialysis.


2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.


2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


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