scholarly journals Screening of microorganisms which are able to accelerate the process of microbial transformation of bird droppings

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Al'bina Luneva

Abstract. The purpose of the research. Screening of collection strains of microorganisms with enzymatic properties to accelerate the processes of microbial biodegradation of bird droppings. Research methods. The proteolytic activity of the grown cultures was studied according to GOST 20264.2-88, the total microbial number in the chicken droppings (CFU/ml) was analyzed, and the ammonium nitrogen was determined. Research results. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the highest proteolytic activity was demonstrated by the strain Pseudomonas putida 90 biovar A (171), which amounted to 74.6 units/g. When analyzing the effect of the studied collection strains on the decomposition processes of droppings, it was revealed that the largest number of microbial cells in bird droppings was achieved using Pseudomonas putida 90 biovar A (171), which was 104 CFU/ml at the beginning of the researches, and was the maximum and amounted to 1011 CFU/ml by the 15th day. The content of ammonium nitrogen in droppings treated with this culture decreased from 340 mg/l from the beginning of the experiment to 174 (15th day) and 169 mg/l (20th day) and it was the best indicator. When selecting the dose and concentration of the strain-producer Pseudomonas putida 90 biovar A (171) under introduction to bird droppings, it was found that to accelerate the process of biodegradation of bird droppings, the optimal dose for applying the studied culture is 4.0 % of organic waste mass with preliminary dilution by 2 times with water. At the same time, the optimal time of droppings keeping and the studied culture is 15 days. Scientific novelty. It was established for the first time that the treatment of chicken manure with the collection strain Pseudomonas putida 90 biovar A (171) accelerates the process of its microbial transformation.

Author(s):  
A.V. Luneva ◽  

The aim of presented studies was to select the optimal ratio of the proteolytic culture of Pseudomonas putida 90 biovar A (171) and a strain that has the properties of fixing atmospheric nitrogen ‒ Azotobacter chroococcum 31/8 R to accelerate the process of biodegradation of chicken droppings to indicators of the relevant regulatory documentation. In conducted studies, the following indicators were analyzed: content of ammonium nitrogen, total microbial number, ammonia nitrogen, index of bacteria of the escherichia coli group, index of enterococci and pathogenic microorganisms, eggs and larvae of helminths, and the hazard class of processed and untreated chicken droppings was determined by the calculation method. As a result of conducted physico-chemical and sanitary-biological analyses, it was found that a more optimal and stable result was revealed when processing chicken droppings with the studied cultures in a ratio of 1:1. This treatment of droppings with cultures contributed to a 15-day decrease in the level of ammonium nitrogen in the by-product from 278 mg/l to 97 mg/l, the content of ammonia in the environment from 84 mg/m3 to 13 mg/m3, index of bacteria of the escherichia coli group from 4 to 1 units, index of enterococci from 5 to 2 units, index of pathogenic microorganisms from 2 to 0 units, number of eggs and larvae of helminths from 8 to 0 copies, number of larvae of synanthropic flies from 2 to 0 copies at the same time increasing the total microbial number to a value of at least 1011 cells/g. The hazard class of chicken droppings treated with microbial research objects decreased from III to IV and met the requirements of GOST 31461-2012.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00107
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sergeeva ◽  
Gulshat Gasimova

Currently, the most effective way to dispose of bird droppings is to process it into organic fertilizer. The processed litter contains the basic micro and macro elements and amino acids in an easily accessible form for plants. Fertilizer from recycled litter is environmentally friendly and effective in neutralizing pathogenic microflora, larvae and helminth eggs, as well as weed seeds. In this work, we studied the modes of processing chicken manure at the Ark plant, the chemical composition of bird manure and organic fertilizer from it obtained in different ways. The effect of various doses of powder on seed germination, plant growth and development was assessed. It is shown that processing of bird droppings into powder increases the content of available macrocells for plants by two times, and also contributes to their longer preservation in organic fertilizer. The study indicates that pre-sowing soil treatment with powder in the optimal dose increases the germination rate of plants by 75 % compared with the control group.


AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Yoseph Siga ◽  
Yovita Yashinta Bolly

Peanut belongs to the Leguminosae family, which has the opportunity to develop agro- industry in supporting efficient and effective regional economic development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving chicken manure to the growth and production of peanut plants as well as the optimal dose of chicken manure for the growth and production of peanut plants. The study conducted from June 2018 to October 2018. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications so that twenty-four (24) trial units were obtained. Factor A0: No fertilizer (control), A1: 1.5 kg, A2: 3 kg, A3: 4,5, A4: 6, A5: 7 Kg per bed. The results showed that the provision of chicken manure significantly affected the height of plants aged 15 and 30 HST. Significantly affect the number of leaves of plants aged 15 and 30 HST. Very significant effect on the number of pods aged 90 Hst and very significant effect on the weight or wet weight of peanut pods aged 90 Hst. The dose of chicken manure 25 tons/ha in this study is the best fertilizer dosage treatment to provide the highest growth and production of Hypoma one peanut.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1166
Author(s):  
Kabir Soeny ◽  
Barbara Bogacka ◽  
Byron Jones

Determination of the optimal dose is a critical objective in the drug developmental process. An optimal dose prevents over- and under-exposure to the treatment drug thereby facilitating superior patient experience and reduced costs to the healthcare system. In this paper, we present a method for model-based dose optimisation with simultaneous pharmacokinetic estimation of the model parameters. Multiple doses of the drug are considered and the objective is to maintain the blood concentration of the drug around a pre-decided target concentration. We consider an adaptive setting wherein the model parameters are estimated from the blood samples collected at D-optimal time points from all subjects enrolled so far in the trial. The estimated parameters are then used to determine the optimal dose regimen for the next cohort. This procedure continues until the condition of a pre-decided stopping rule is met. Simulation studies and sensitivity analysis are undertaken to validate the methodology. We also evaluate the performance of the methodology when carried out in a non-adaptive setting. A two-stage design is then presented which combines the advantages of the adaptive as well as the non-adaptive approach. We demonstrate that our methodology enables pharmacokinetic estimation and dose regimen optimisation simultaneously in an ethical and cost-effective manner protecting the subjects from the ill-effects of suboptimal dose regimens and economising the number of subjects required in the trial.


AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Yoseph Siga ◽  
Yovita Yashinta Bolly

Peanut belongs to the Leguminosae family, which has the opportunity to develop agro- industry in supporting efficient and effective regional economic development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving chicken manure to the growth and production of peanut plants as well as the optimal dose of chicken manure for the growth and production of peanut plants. The study conducted from June 2018 to October 2018. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications so that twenty-four (24) trial units were obtained. Factor A0: No fertilizer (control), A1: 1.5 kg, A2: 3 kg, A3: 4,5, A4: 6, A5: 7 Kg per bed. The results showed that the provision of chicken manure significantly affected the height of plants aged 15 and 30 HST. Significantly affect the number of leaves of plants aged 15 and 30 HST. Very significant effect on the number of pods aged 90 Hst and very significant effect on the weight or wet weight of peanut pods aged 90 Hst. The dose of chicken manure 25 tons/ha in this study is the best fertilizer dosage treatment to provide the highest growth and production of Hypoma one peanut.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Putu Suwardike ◽  
Putu Sri Wahyuni ◽  
I Made Artika

Abstract. The study aimed at finding out the EM4 fermented chicken manure dosage, the concentration of cow biourine, and the interaction between the two which gave the best growth and yield of Japanese spinach were carried out in Candikuning Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, at altitude of 1,500 m asl. The trial lasted 45 days, starting from Mid April - May 2019, using a Randomized Group Design (RBD), consisting of two factors. The first factor is the chicken manure dose EM-4 fermented (A), with 4 levels, namely: (A0) without chicken manure (control), (A1) chicken manure dose of 10 tons.ha-1 or 480 grams / plot, (A2) chicken manure dose of 20 ton.ha-1 or 960 gram / plot, and (A3) chicken manure dose of 30 ton.ha-1 or 1440 gram / plot. The second factor is the concentration of bovine biourine (B), with 4 levels, namely: (B0) without bovine biourine (control), (B1) concentration of 100 ml.l-1 bovine biourine solution or 10%, (B2) 200 ml bovine biourine concentration. l-1 solution or 20%, (B3) 300 ml.l-1 concentration of beef biourine solution or 30%. The results of the analysis showed that the EM4 fermented chicken manure had a significant effect on almost all variables observed, except plant height per plant aged 17 days and oven dry weight of leaves per plant. The EM4 fermented chicken manure dose of 20 ton.ha-1 gave the highest total wet weight per plant, which was 228.74 g and the highest total oven dry weight per plant, ie 115.37 g. The optimal dose of fermented chicken manure EM-4 is 18.40 ton.ha-1 with a total oven dry weight per plant maximum = 135.21 g. The concentration of 200 ml.l-1 biourine cattle gave the highest total wet weight per plant, which was 238.01 g and the highest total oven dry weight, which was 121.51 g. The optimal concentration of beef biourine is 176.69 ml.l-1 with a total oven dry weight per plant maximum = 135.44 g. The interaction between EM4 fermented chicken manure doses and cattle biourine concentration only significantly affected the number of leaves per plant aged 45 days.Keywords. Chicken manure, Biourine cow, Japanese spinachAbstrak. Penelitian yang betujuan untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk kandang ayam difermentasi EM4, konsentrasi biourine sapi, dan interaksi antara keduanya yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil bayam Jepang terbaik telah dilakukan di Desa Candikuning, Kecamatan Baturiti, Kabupaten Tabanan, pada ketinggian tempat  1.500 m dpl. Percobaan berlangsung selama 45 hari, mulai dari Pertengahan April – Mei 2019, menggunaan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), terdiri dari dua faktor.  Faktor pertama dosis pupuk kandang kandang ayam difermentasi EM-4 (A), dengan 4 taraf yaitu : (A0) tanpa pupuk kandang ayam (kontrol), (A1) pupuk kandang ayam dosis 10 ton.ha-1 atau 480 gram/petak, (A2) pupuk kandang ayam dosis 20 ton.ha-1 atau 960 gram/petak, dan (A3) pupuk kandang ayam dosis 30 ton.ha-1 atau 1440 gram/petak. Faktor kedua kensentrasi biourine sapi (B), dengan 4 taraf yaitu : (B0) tanpa biourine sapi (kontrol), (B1) konsentrasi biourine sapi 100 ml.l-1larutan atau 10%, (B2) konsentrasi biourine sapi 200 ml.l-1larutan atau 20%, (B3) konsentrasi biourine sapi 300 ml.l-1larutan atau 30%.  Hasil analisis ragam menunjukan dosis pupuk kandang ayam yang difermentasi EM4 berpengaruh nyata sampai sangat nyata terhadap hampir semua variabel yang diamati, kecuali tinggi tanaman per tanaman umur 17 hst dan berat kering oven daun per tanaman. Dosis pupuk kandang ayam yang difermentasi EM4 20 ton.ha-1 memberikan  berat basah total per tanaman tertinggi, yaitu 228,74 g dan berat kering oven total per tanaman tertinggi, yaitu 115,37 g. Dosis optimal pupuk kandang ayam yang difermentasi EM-4 yaitu18,40 ton.ha-1dengan berat kering oven total per tanaman maksimum =  135,21 g. Konsentrasi biourine sapi 200 ml.l-1 larutan memberikan berat basah total per tanaman tertinggi, yaitu 238,01 g   dan berat kering oven total tertinggi, yaitu 121,51 g. Konsentrasi optimal biourine sapi yaitu 176,69 ml.l-1 dengan berat kering oven total per tanaman maksimum = 135,44 g. Interaksi antara dosis pupuk kandang ayam yang difermentasi EM4 dan konsentrasi biourine sapi hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun per tanaman umur 45 hst.Kata kunci: Pupuk kandang ayam, Biourine sapi, Bayam jepang


Author(s):  
Victor Polishchuk ◽  
◽  
Sergey Shvorov ◽  
Nikolay Zablodskiy ◽  
Piotr Kucheruk ◽  
...  

The work is aimed at increasing the biogas yield rate at biogas plants by means of codigestion poultry manure in combination with extruded wheat straw. To achieve this goal a series of batch tests were performed to study the yields of biogas and CH4 in anaerobic fermentation of mixtures of manure with extruded wheat straw. The working hypothesis of the study was that the wheat straw addition would allow optimizing carbon to nitrogen ratio reducing thus the inhibitory effect of ammonium nitrogen contained in poultry manure on the digestion process. The most important result of the study consisted in the development of a methodology for determining the efficient ratios of extruded straw to poultry manure, at which the highest rate of methane yield was ensured. The two series of the batch assays at 36°C were performed to study the effect of the straw addition to chicken manure at high and low initial volatile solids concentrations. In each series, three types of mixtures were prepared – with 100%, 65% and 35% of poultry manure by volatile solids content in the combination with wheat straw pellets. The significance of the research results was in the fact that the use of extruded straw together with chicken manure could increase the rate of methane yield by almost two times, compared to the fermentation of only poultry manure. The positive effect of wheat straw addition to poultry manure was found in mixtures with a high initial volatile solids concentration, and hence, a high concentration of nitrogen.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Patrycja Cichońska ◽  
Ewelina Pudło ◽  
Adrian Wojtczak ◽  
Małgorzata Ziarno

The present study aimed to analyze the effect of the addition of whole and milled flaxseed on the quality characteristics of yogurt. In the first stage of the research, the optimal dose of flaxseed was determined. In the second stage of the research, it was assessed whether the selected qualities of yogurt were affected by the form of flaxseed (whole or milled) and the time of addition (before or after fermentation). The yogurts obtained were stored at 5 °C for 21 days, and the changes in active acidity, apparent viscosity, syneresis, and the number of yogurt bacteria were determined. The results of the second stage of the study were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05). The study showed that the addition of milled flaxseed to yogurts in the amount of 1% was optimal. Time and form of flaxseed supplementation significantly influenced the changes in active acidity, apparent viscosity, and syneresis in the tested yogurts. The addition of flaxseed did not significantly change the content of yogurt bacteria. The results indicate that to achieve increased apparent viscosity and reduced syneresis, it is more advantageous to use milled flaxseed rather than whole flaxseed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-443
Author(s):  
Wafa Shafira ◽  
Aji Ali Akbar ◽  
Ochih Saziati

PT. Dinamika Sejahtera Mandiri (PT. DSM) merupakan perusahaan swasta yang bergerak di bidang pertambangan bauksit dengan sistem penambangan terbuka, sehingga menghasilkan hamparan tanah dengan kandungan bahan organik  dan unsur hara sangat rendah serta toksik tinggi sehingga lahan menjadi kritis. Upaya perbaikan lingkungan dilakukan dengan rehabilitasi lahan agar tidak menimbulkan kerusakan berkelanjutan. PT. DSM menggunakan penambahan biostimulan dalam rehabilitasi lahan, namun karena biaya yang mahal maka dilakukan alternatif menggunakan cocopeat sebagai pengganti topsoil dengan biaya terjangkau. Lokasi penelitian terletak di lahan pascatambang bauksit milik PT. DSM yang berada di Desa Teraju, Kecamatan Toba, Kabupaten Sanggau, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Total sampel tanah yang diuji sebanyak 23 sampel, terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dengan masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali, yaitu perlakuan A tanpa perlakuan di lahan dengan topsoil, perlakuan B tanpa perlakuan di lahan tanpa topsoil, perlakuan C 100% cocopeat, perlakuan D 50% cocopeat + 25% arang sekam + 25% kotoran ayam dan perlakuan E 60% cocopeat + 25% arang sekam + 15% kotoran ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kandungan parameter pH, % C- organik, KTK, dan N total dalam media tanam cocopeat memiliki kandungan yang lebih baik daripada topsoil dan tanah pascatambang, namun parameter P2O5, kadar debu, liat, dan pasir, topsoil memiliki kandungan yang lebih baik daripada cocopeat dan tanah pascatambang. Kandungan parameter fisik dan kimia terendah terdapat pada tanah pascatambang. Komposisi media tanam kombinasi cocopeat, arang sekam, dan kotoran ayam memiliki pengaruh yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sengon karena memiliki unsur hara yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan topsoil, tanpa topsoil atau hanya cocopeat saja. Dosis variasi paling optimal dalam pertumbuhan sengon dari segi pertumbuhan fisik tanaman yaitu pada variasi perlakuan kode tanam D, yaitu memiliki pertambahan tinggi tanaman rata-rata 13,7cm dan cabang daun sebanyak 6 helai yang lebih signifikan dibandingkan perlakuan media tanam lainnya. AbstractPT. Dinamika Sejahtera Mandiri (PT. DSM) is a private company engaged in bauxite mining with an open mining system, resulting in a stretch of land with very low organic and nutrient content and high toxicity so that the land becomes critical. Efforts to improve the environment are carried out by rehabilitating land so as not to cause sustainable damage. PT. DSM uses biostimulants in land rehabilitation, but an alternative is to use cocopeat as a substitute for topsoil at an affordable price because of the high cost. The research location is located on the bauxite post-mining land owned by PT. DSM is located in Teraju Village, Toba District, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Total soil samples tested were 23 samples, consisting of 5 treatments with each treatment being repeated three times, namely treatment A without treatment on land with topsoil, treatment B without treatment on the ground without topsoil, treatment C 100% cocopeat, treatment D 50% cocopeat + 25% husk charcoal + 25% chicken manure and treatment E 60% cocopeat + 25% husk charcoal + 15% chicken manure. The results showed that the pH,% C- organic, CEC, and total N content in the cocopeat growing medium had a better range than topsoil and post-mining soil. Still, the P2O5 parameters, the content of dust, clay, and sand, topsoil had better content. Then cocopeat and post-mining land. The lowest range of physical and chemical parameters is found in post-mining soil. The composition of the planting medium combination of cocopeat, husk charcoal, and chicken manure has a good effect on the growth of Sengon plants because it has better nutrients than topsoil, without topsoil, or just cocopeat. The most optimal dose of variation in the evolution of Sengon in terms of physical plant growth is the variation in the treatment of planting code D, which has an average plant height increase of 13.7 cm and six-leaf branches, which is more significant than the treatment of other growing media.


Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Gorbunova

The optimal time interval of poultry waste fermentation for the nutrient medium preparation and increasing the cyanobacteria S. platensis production characteristics were established. The processing of poultry farm waste consisted in the preparation of model wastewater-water manure chicken extract (MCE) at different intervals of its fermentation (3, 21 and 30 days). For the first time, a comparative assessment of the S. platensis kinetic characteristics depending on the method of organic extract preparation (terms of chicken manure fermentations) was carried out. Fermentation of the MCE for 3 days provides the maximum kinetic characteristics of microalgae at all investigated extract concentrations. The minimum S. platensis growth characteristics were obtained using a 10% MCE after 21 and 30 days of fermentation. It was shown that at the MCE concentrations in cultivators of 20–30%, the maximum crop yield was higher than in the control by 11–15%. At the same time, it is possible to significantly reduce the material costs for the classical nutrient media preparation using mineral salts. The use of waste water from poultry farms as nutrient media for microalgae growing will solve the ecological problem of environmental pollution and reduce the cost of microalgae products several times.


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