scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF FIRE RESISTANCE LIMIT OF THE TANK STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Fire Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
E. Нulida ◽  
Ya. Kozak ◽  
M. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Tank Wall ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Research Results

Introduction. Statistical analysis of fires at storage, refining and transportation facilities for oil and petroleum products over the past 20 years shows that out of 200 fires, 92% of them occur in land tanks. In a fire, liquid combustion in the tank is a diffusion combustion of a jet of steam in the air. In the process of burning the liquid in the tank changes the mechanical properties of its metal wall, which affects its fire resistance duration. In the event of a fire in the tank, the drywall may be destroyed. Destruction of dry tank wall can lead to oil spills and cascading fire. Therefore, the main problem is to determine the fire duration before the destruction of the dry wall of the tank, i.e. its fire resistance.Purpose. Develop a method for determining the fire resistance of the dry wall of the storage tank of oil and petroleum products.Methods. To develop a method for determining the fire resistance of storage tank dry wall of oil and petroleum prod-ucts, it is necessary to solve the following problems:1) to determine the temperature effect on sheet material of tank dry wall on its strength;2) to obtain the dependence for determining the duration of time before the occurrence of ultimate destructive stresses of the sheet material of tank dry wall;3) to obtain the dependence for determining the time of fire resistance of tank dry wall of oil and petroleum products in the event of a fire.To solve the first problem, the temperature influence of the sheet steel used to make the tank wall on the yield strength σT was established.To solve the second problem, a dependence was obtained to determine the length of time before the occurrence of critical temperatures at which the destruction of the sheet material of tank dry wall is possible.To solve the third problem, a block diagram of the algorithm for determining the fire resistance of tank dry wall in case of fire was developed, on the basis of which a package of applications was developed.Conclusions and specific suggestions:1. The influence of the temperature of the sheet material of tank dry wall on its strength is established. The research results showed that the temperature of the tank drywall material in the range of 690-710 ºC is critical and it can lead to its destruction.2. The results of the research allowed to obtain the dependence for determining the duration of time to critical temper-atures occurrence at which the destruction of the sheet material of tank dry wall. The results of calculations for the tank RVS-5000 showed that its fire resistance varies within τv = 13…15 minutes. Of course, this value of fire resistance for tank dry wall is very small in terms of the fire extinguishing process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement certain measures to increase the fire resistance of tank dry wall.3. To determine the time of fire resistance of tank dry wall storage of oil and petroleum products in the event of a fire was obtained dependence, which allows to determine the temperature T in ºC from the duration of burning the tank τ per minute, the height of the dry wall h0 in m upper edge. The research results allowed to develop a block diagram of the algorithm for solving this problem, as well as a package of applications based on it, which are written in the C # programming language.

Time-History Analysis of a Super-Large Storage Tank Under Seismic Excitation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Bu ◽  
Caifu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Time History ◽  
Time History Analysis ◽  
Radial Deformation ◽  
Tank Wall ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Wall Deformation ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Earthquake Action

In this paper, two finite element models are established for a super-large storage tank with or without a floating roof on the medium level. Time-history analysis with consideration of fluid-solid coupling for the deformation of tank wall and medium sloshing during or after an earthquake is performed with the emphasis on the effects of the floating roof. It is found that the upper part of tank is more sensitive to the earthquake action than the lower part. The wind girders and the reinforcing rings play a big role in limiting the radial deformation of the upper part of the tank wall. The floating roof has little effect on the tank wall deformation, but it is effective in suppressing the medium sloshing during the earthquake. After the earthquake, the radial deformation of the tank wall attenuates quickly, but the sloshing attenuation of the medium presents a slow progress and the floating roof inhibits the sloshing attenuation of the medium.

Characterization of the fracture behaviour of X42 microalloyed pipeline steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-577
Author(s):  
Halil Ibrahim Ünal ◽  
Hakan Atapek ◽  
Baran Gürkan Beleli ◽  
Seyda Polat ◽  
Serap Gümüs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Behaviour ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Impact Tests

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fracture of grade X42 microalloyed steel used as pipe material after tensile test at room temperature and impact tests at 0, −20 and −40°C, respectively. Design/methodology/approach – In the first stage of the study, X42 steels in the form of sheet and pipe materials were selected and etched samples were characterized using light microscope. In the second stage, mechanical properties of steels were obtained by microhardness measurements, static tensile and impact tests and all the broken surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope to determine the fracture type as a function of both microstructure and loading. Findings – The examinations revealed that: first, the sheet material had a typical ferritic-pearlitic matrix, second, the transverse section of the sheet steel exhibited a matrix consisting of polygonal ferrite-aligned pearlite colonies and the longitudinal one had elongated ferrite phase and pearlite colonies in the direction of rolling, third, ferrite and pearlite distribution was different from the sheet material due to multiaxial deformation in the pipe material, fourth, tensile fracture surfaces of the steels had typical dimple fracture induced by microvoid coalescence, fifth, impact fracture surfaces of the steels changed as a function of the test temperature and cleavage fracture mode of ferritic-pearlitic matrix became more dominant as the temperature decreased, and sixth, grain morphology had an effect on the fracture behavior of the steels. Originality/value – The paper explains the fracture behaviour of X42 microalloyed pipeline steel and its fractographical analysis.

Storage Tank Floor and Wall Defect In-Situ Inspection With Ultrasonic Guided Wave Technique

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjun Feng ◽  
Weibin Wang ◽  
Wenqiang Tong ◽  
Keyi Yuan ◽  
Zandong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Ultrasonic Signal ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Tank Wall ◽  
Transmission Tomography ◽  
Wall Defect ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Wave

Large storage tanks for oil storage are widely used in petrochemical industry. Corrosion in the tank floor and wall is a serious threat for environmental and economic safety. Owing to their unique potential for long-range, in-plane propagation through plates, Ultrasonic Guided Waves (UGW) offer an obvious solution in the development of an on-board structural health-monitoring (SHM) system, providing assessment of structural integrity for storage tank floor and wall defect in-situ inspection. This paper presents this application by focusing on their propagation through the plate structure. Even very small mechanical discontinuity or geometry change of plate structure, e.g. corrosion defect on tank floor, will influence the propagation characteristic of the guided waves. These effects are measured as mode changes, frequency shifts or filtering, reflection and diffraction of new ultrasonic modes or overall distortion of the original ultrasonic signals. By capturing and analyzing these changes we can deduct the corrosion defect of the tank floor and wall which causes the ultrasonic signal change and interactions. The T/R transducers are required to be attached on the outer edge of the tank floor and outer surface of the tank wall. The technique is developed based on the Lamb wave transmission tomography. Starting from the dispersion curve and choosing the appropriate wave mode, the propagation of the guided waves in the tank floor and wall has been carried out through numerical simulation and the experiment has been conducted for verification using the full-size oil storage tank. The low frequency guided waves can propagate longer distance in planar and tubular structures. The later has been already used in pipeline inspection. The complexity of the application of ultrasonic guided wave in tank floor inspection lies in the object containing multiple lap joint welds along the large diameter of the tank (up to 100 m) and the complicated reconstruction of the two-dimensional defect distribution information. The main scope of the investigation was the application of the ultrasonic transmission tomography for localization of non-uniformities of inside tank floor, taking into account ultrasonic signal losses due to the loading with oil on the top and ground support at the bottom for the tank floor, and the loading with oil inside for the vertical tank wall.

A simplified method for calculating the stress of a large storage tank wall

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. P. Chen ◽  
Y. Y. Duan ◽  
J. M. Shen ◽  
J. L. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Tank Wall ◽  
Measured Stress ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Theory Of Plates ◽  
Plates And Shells ◽  
Simplified Calculation

With consideration of the influences from the constraint reaction of tank bottom plate to each shell course, a simplified long-short shell method was proposed to calculate the stress of a large storage tank wall. The first shell course was regarded as a short cylindrical shell while all the others as long cylindrical shells, and the analytic solution equations of shell stress were achieved by theory of plates and shells. With resistance stress-strain method, a field stress test was done on a 15x104 m3 floating-roof oil tank during its water filling test, and the measured stress data are in good agreement with the calculation results obtained by this simplified calculation method for shell stress. Therefore, the simplified method can be adopted to calculate the shell stress of large storage tanks accurately.

Integrity of Old Pipelines Buried in Petroleum Products Storage Terminals

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Y. Fujikawa ◽  
Eduardo O. de A. Silva ◽  
Reinaldo A. das Neves ◽  
Derci Donizeti Massitelli ◽  
Newton Orlando Abraha˜o ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Theoretical Results

This work aims to present the results obtained from the experience gained through the accomplishment of the inspection with the ultrasonic umbilical pig in a non-piggable internal pipe buried in the Transpetro Storage Terminal in Sa˜o Caetano do Sul, in Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. The pipeline considered in this work is a line for marine fuel oil, which, because of its high viscosity, must be heated in order to flow. The oil is heated in the terminal by the steam produced in boilers. The heat transfer may occur in a heat exchanger or inside the storage tank, and the pipeline referred is thermally isolated. So that the line could be inspected, it was divided in two parts, one upstream of the pumps (suction), which is a 12-inch line, and the other downstream of the same pumps (discharge), which is a 14-inch line. This work has been developed by Transpetro’s Pipeline Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Safety Departments together, since the planning phase, passing by the job execution and getting to the conclusion. To begin with, the operational liberation of the line had to be agreed between all the departments involved with the PIG inspection, which were mentioned before, and Transpetro’s Logistics Department. Once the PIG passage was scheduled, an initial cleaning had to be performed by the Operation Activity. Since this line is non-piggable, the installation of adaptations was necessary. After that, the passage of cleaning PIGs was possible, and the line sections could be enabled. The next step was the inspection of the pipeline with umbilical ultrasonic PIGs. After the passage of these PIGs, the adaptations had to be removed and the pipeline had to be conditioned for the operational return. After this part of the inspection was finished, the verification of the results issued was necessary. Once the theoretical results were available, ditches were opened for correlation inspection and temporary repairs in the most critical points for the operation were applied. The last part of the work consists in an analysis study of technical and economical viability for rehabilitation of the lines.

The Effect of Foam Filling Upon the Energy Absorption of Spot Welded Sheet Metal Tubes

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-337
Author(s):  
P. H. Thornton ◽  
C. J. Amberger
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Foam Density ◽  
Shell Material ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Foam Filling ◽  
Spot Welded

The effect of shell material properties and foam density on the energy absorption of spot welded, square section sheet steel tubes was studied. It was found that as the sheet material tensile strength increased, the effectiveness of the foam in increasing the energy absorption capability diminished. The observed changes in energy absorption could be predicted reasonably accurately by a simple model which correlated shell material property, section geometry, and foam density.

scholarly journals Oil and oil products market in Ukraine

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 312 (10) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zakharchuk ◽  
Oksana Vyshnevetska
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

The purpose of the article is to study the market of oil and oil products in Ukraine, its role in the functioning of agriculture and identify ways to improve. Research methods. Methods used: system analysis and generalization (to study and generalize the energy dependence of Ukraine); statistical (to display the situation on the oil and oil products market in quantitative terms through a system of absolute and relative indicators); analysis of the series of dynamics, structural shifts (to analyze and identify trends in the indicators of the oil and oil products market); comparison (comparison of economic indicators); graphic (visual display of research results in the form of graphs). Research results. The essence and features of the Ukrainian market are revealed, a statistical analysis of trends in the development of the oil and oil products market is carried out, factors influencing the trend of the domestic market are identified and the mechanism of their interaction is clarified. The assessment of the current level of oil independence of Ukraine is carried out. Scientific novelty. The necessity of state support in terms of restoring the competitiveness of the domestic oil refining industry, diversifying the supply of petroleum products to the Ukrainian market and maintaining the share of domestically produced petroleum products at the level of 50% of the consumption volume, as well as reducing the share of other suppliers (importers) to 30% in the total balance has been substantiated. Practical significance. The analysis made it possible to identify destabilizing factors in the oil and oil products market, determine the need for systemic changes in the market functioning model and create conditions for increasing the competitiveness of domestic oil products in the Ukrainian market, create conditions for promoting and stimulating the development of the oil refining industry to weaken the reliability of imports of oil products. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 18.

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