scholarly journals Earthworm Depuration: Analysis of Coprophagy and Light Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Messer ◽  
Ann C Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
Paper Disc

Earthworms are used as biomarkers to determine the bioavailability of contaminants. As such, their uptake of contaminants has been studied extensively. Protocols have been established to ensure that laboratory-obtained data are valid and comparable. However, the method of removing the organism’s gut content (depuration) before assessing the contaminant in the tissue is not standardized. The aim of this research project is to investigate some parameters for earthworm depuration: light conditions and coprophagy prevention. Eisenia fetida were depurated for 48 hours in two separate studies according to guidelines ASTM-E1676 and OECD Test No. 317. In one study, 2 frequencies of egesta removal were employed during depuration to prevent coprophagy and compared to the control (egesta and worms removed after 48 hours). In another study, the subjects and material egested were assessed under conditions of continuous darkness and the control (continuous light). The depuration methods that included egesta removal every 12 and 24 hours resulted in 62% and 10% more egested material per mg of earthworm than the control (filter paper disc change after 48 hours), respectively. The earthworms depurated in continuous darkness egested 94% more material per mg of earthworm than the control. The results indicate that depuration would be more total under continuous darkness and employing a coprophagy prevention method. These findings could lead to more efficient depuration methods.

scholarly journals Dissemination of Aerosol and Splatter in Clinical Environment during Cavity Preparation: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3773
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Rizwan Jouhar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Class V ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paper Disc

Dental health care workers around the world are in a constant state of fear and anxiety because they work in a constrained space of the dental practice. During routine dental procedures, they are exposed to aerosol and splatter. These airborne particles pose a great risk of transmitting contagious infections to health care workers and patients, especially in an era of social distancing due to COVID-19. The current study was conducted to evaluate contamination amount, duration, the distance of aerosol, and splatter produced after cavity preparation using a two-hole and four-hole handpiece. The study was performed on a dental manikin in a dental simulation laboratory at the College of Dentistry, King Faisal University Al Ahsa. The dental manikin was set to a reclined position to simulate the clinical operatory position of the patient for dental restorative procedures. Aerosol and splatter were collected on Grade 1 qualitative cotton cellulose filter paper. These were placed on adhesive tape extending from the headrest of the dental manikin in six different directions (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 o’clock) for up to 60 inches and on certain positions of the operator and assistant such as the chest, head, forearms, upper leg, and inside facemask. Class V cavity preparation was done by the principal investigator at a specific time of 3 min on tooth #11 using a two-hole high-speed handpiece, then on the next day, Class V cavity preparation was performed on tooth #21 by a four-hole handpiece. High volume suction was used throughout the cavity preparation. Immediately after cavity preparation, the first filter paper disc was replaced with new ones in all positions. The second set of filter papers was removed after 30 min. Transparent grids were used to count the contamination area on the filter paper disc. No statistically significant difference was found in the mean amount of aerosol and splatter produced by both handpieces, however, a statistically significant difference was found in an amount of aerosol and splatter produced at a 12, 24, and 36 inches distance immediately after cavity preparation and 30 min after cavity preparation, regardless of the type of handpiece used. It is advisable to refrain from removing the personal protective barriers immediately after the procedure within the vicinity of the dental practice. The use of other adjuncts such as high volume suction to reduce the spread of aerosol and splatter is also recommended.

Filter Paper Disc Modification of the Oxford Cup Penicillin Determination.

1944 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Vincent ◽  
H. W. Vincent ◽  
J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Paper Disc

Use of a Disc-Assay System to Detect Oxytetracycline Residues in Honey

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE A. ROTH ◽  
SUET KWAN ◽  
PETER SPORNS
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Osmotic Effects ◽  
Paper Disc ◽  
Disc Assay

A simple inexpensive disc-assay system for detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) in honey was developed. This bioassay involved diluting honey 1:1 (wt/wt) with 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and applying 90 μl of this solution to a 0.5-in (12.7-mm) filter paper disc placed on Bacillus cereus-inoculated media. This test detected about 0.2 μg OTC/ml (0.4 μg OTC/g honey) without interference from natural antibacterial inhibitors in honey. It was also shown that a variety of materials contributed to the natural inhibitor effect in honey, including materials other than glucose oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide and the osmotic effects of sugar.

scholarly journals Effect of photoperiod on the cultural morphology of Rhizoctonia solani isolates of maize from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
SRI WAHYUNI BUDIARTI ◽  
RUDY LUKMAN ◽  
CHRISTANTI SUMARDIYONO ◽  
ARIF WIBOWO ◽  
ACHMADI PRIYATMOJO
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Special Region ◽  
Cultural Morphology

Abstract. Budiarti SW, Lukman R, Sumardiyono C, Wibowo A, Priyatmojo A. 2019. Effect of photoperiod on the cultural morphology of Rhizoctonia solani isolates of maize from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2028-2038. Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a significant constraint of maize production in Indonesia, especially within the last several years. R. solani is an important soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen which is known to be sensitive to different environmental conditions. The differential response of fungi to light and dark is important to study, especially of those causing disease to crop plant as it helps to reveal the factors regulating the pathogenicity of the fungus. This study aims to determine the effect of light duration on the mycelial development and sclerotia formation of R. solani isolates obtained from different locations in Yogyakarta Special Region and Central Java, Indonesia. Ten isolates of R. solani collected from different geographic regions in Yogyakarta Special Region, and Central Java from maize (nine isolates) and rice (one isolate) were exposed to three different light conditions: 12 h alternating light/dark, continuous darkness, and continuous light. Cultural morphology and sclerotial characteristics were recorded for each isolate. All isolates revealed great diversity in terms of cultural and morphological characteristics after exposure to three different light conditions. Under complete darkness, the mycelial growth phase was extended, and a fluffy mass of mycelia was produced. All isolates showed abundant growth under the 12 h alternating light/dark condition than under the continuous dark and continuous light conditions. Sclerotia were initiated earlier under the 12 h alternating light/dark condition than under other conditions. The 12 h alternating light/dark condition also induced number and heavier weight of sclerotia compared with those produced under the continuous light and continuous dark conditions. The modifications in light condition exert a significant impact on some R. solani isolates.

FILTER PAPER DISC METHOD OF COLLECTING WHOLE BLOOD FOR SEROLOGIC STUDIES IN CHILDREN12

1966 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES CHIN ◽  
NATHALIE J. SCHMIDT ◽  
EDWIN H. LENNETTE ◽  
MAUREEN HANAHOE
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Paper Disc

Flavanes from Dracaena cambodiana

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1407-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Hao-Fu Dai ◽  
Jiao Wu ◽  
Yan-Bo Zeng ◽  
Wen-Li Mei
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Dracaena Cambodiana ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Disc

Two new flavanes, (2S)-4′ ,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylflavane (1), and (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy- 8-methylflavane (2), together with five known flavanes, (2S)-3′ ,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-8- methylflavane (3), (2R)-4′,7-dihydroxy-8-methylflavane (4), (±)-3′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavane (5), (±)-4′,7-dihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavane (6), and (2S)-4′,7-dihydroxyflavane (7), were isolated from the stem of Dracaena cambodiana. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR). Their antimicrobial activities were preliminarily examined by the filter paper disc agar diffusion method.

Evaluation of electrogustometry and the filter paper disc method for taste assessment

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Berling ◽  
Johan Knutsson ◽  
Andreas Rosenblad ◽  
Magnus von Unge
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Taste Assessment ◽  
Paper Disc
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