scholarly journals Relating Union Density to Wealth Inequality and Subjective Well-Being Across 13 OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Alexander Meurrens
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Labor Union ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Union Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

Since the 1980s, the labor union density has gradually declined across member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), indicating a lowering percentage of employees represented by unions. In the United States, the declining union density has been shown to have an impact on wealth inequality, which has increased correspondingly. With a lack of representation by labor unions, workers are less secure in their jobs, which could cause a reduction in job satisfaction and an increase in stress. Therefore, a declining union density can also influence the subjective well-being of an impacted group. The aim of this research was to identify and investigate the potential relationships between union density and wage inequality and union density and subjective well-being across thirteen countries through regression analysis. The thirteen countries selected were all developed, industrialized democracies and members of the OECD. Simple linear regressions were made using the most recent national data for union density, wealth inequality, and subjective well-being. Regression analysis was performed on the most recent data points of the countries as a group, and for each country individually over a period of time. There was a moderate-strong, negative correlation (R = - 0.608) for the regression of wealth inequality versus union density, yet inconsistent correlation coefficients between countries individually. There was a moderate-weak, positive correlation (R = 0.353) for the regression of subjective well-being versus union density, with more consistent correlation coefficients between countries individually.

scholarly journals Subjective well-being as a predictor of peace attitudes in adolescentsErgenlerde barışa yönelik tutumların yordayıcısı olarak öznel iyi oluş

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğba Sarı ◽  
Umut Kermen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
And Gender

<p>The purpose of this study is to investigate attitudes towards peace with respect to subjective wellbeing and gender. The participants of the study were 240 students who were taking their high school education in Kocaeli. Two different inventories were applied to the students; Adolescent Subjective Wellbeing Inventory and Peace Attitudes Scale. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate if and to which degree subjective wellbeing predicts peace attitudes. To examine the relation between peace attitudes and gender, independent sample t-test was conducted. The results indicated that the peace attitudes of adolescents does not change according to gender (t238= -.153; p&gt;.05). According to the Pearson correlation coefficients, there is positive relations ranged from .30 to .65 between peace attitudes and four subscales of subjective well-being (p&lt;.001). The multiple regression analysis that was held to investigate the predictor role of subjective wellbeing on peace attitudes revealed that family relations satisfaction and positive feelings explains peace attitudes significantly (R<sup>2</sup>= .48 ; F reg= 53,468; p&lt; .001).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin barışa yönelik tutumlarının öznel iyi oluş (aile ilişkilerinde doyum, önemli diğer kişilerle ilişkide doyum, yaşam doyumu, olumlu duygular) ve cinsiyet açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma verileri, 2014-2015 Eğitim ve Öğretim Yılı'nda Kocaeli ilinde üç lisede eğitim gören 14-16 yaşları arasında 240 öğrenciden toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri kişisel bilgi formu, ergen öznel iyi oluş ölçeği ve barışa yönelik tutumlar ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada veri analizinde cinsiyete göre barışa yönelik tutumların değişip değişmediğini test etmek için t-testi yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre, kız (X=16.297) ve erkek (X=16.356) öğrencilerin barışa yönelik tutumları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamaktadır (t238=-.153; p&gt;.05). Değişkenler arasındaki ilişki pearson korelasyon katsayısı ile incelendiğinde, barışa yönelik tutumlar ile öznel iyi oluşun dört alt boyutu arasındaki korelasyonların .30 ile .65 arasında değiştiği gözlenmiştir (p&lt;.001). Öznel iyi oluşun barışa yönelik tutumlarını açıklayıp açıklamadığını incelemek için yapılan çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre ise öznel iyi oluşun aile ilişkilerinde doyum ve olumlu duygular alt boyutlarının barışa yönelik tutumlar üzerinde açıklanan varyansa katkısının anlamlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. (R<sup>2</sup>= .48 ; F reg= 53,468; p&lt; .001). <strong></strong></p>

Do National Service Programs Improve Subjective Well-Being in Communities?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Velasco ◽  
Pamela Paxton ◽  
Robert W. Ressler ◽  
Inbar Weiss ◽  
Lilla Pivnick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Change Score ◽  
National Service ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Community Effects ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Open Question ◽  
New Evidence

Since the creation of Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) in 1964 and AmeriCorps in 1993, a stated goal of national service programs has been to strengthen the overall health of communities across the United States. But whether national service programs have such community effects remains an open question. Using longitudinal cross-lagged panel and change-score models from 2005 to 2013, this study explores whether communities with national service programs exhibit greater subjective well-being. We use novel measures of subjective well-being derived from tweeted expressions of emotions, engagement, and relationships in 1,347 U.S. counties. Results show that national service programs improve subjective well-being primarily by mitigating threats to well-being and communities that exhibit more engagement are better able to attract national service programs. Although limited in size, these persistent effects are robust to multiple threats to inference and provide important new evidence on how national service improves communities in the United States.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COPING STRATEGIES ON THE STUDENT’S WELL-BEING IN CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Alyona Vavilova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Dominant Strategies ◽  
High Level

The article is devoted to the study of student's coping strategies influence on the level of their subjective well-being in conditions of distance learning. It was found that student's coping strategies have an impact on the level of their psychological comfort. Using regression analysis it was revealed that the variability of student's life well-being is determined by the following coping strategies: positive self-esteem; responsibility; planning; escape and self-control. It was developed the typology of students in the conditions of distance education, which includes such indicators of dominant coping strategies: the level of psychological comfort, dominant coping and measure of stress tolerance. According to the certain typology, three types of students were defined: 1) adaptive type (high indicators of well-being, high indicators of tolerance to stress, dominant strategies “self-esteem”, “responsibility” and “planning” ); 2) maladaptive type (low indicators of well-being, low indicators of tolerance to stress, dominant coping “escape”); 3) average adaptive type (average indicators of well-being, average indicators of tolerance to stress; dominant strategies “responsibility”, “self-control”, low indicators of coping “positive self-esteem”). The results of the study indicate that students who are best adapted to distance learning and have a high level of psychological comfort tend to evaluate themselves positively, treat work responsibly, plan their studies and have an average level of self-control.

scholarly journals Individual-Level Determinants of Employee Shirking

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Judge ◽  
Timothy D. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Organization Level

Employee shirking, where workers give less than full effort on the job, has typically been investigated as a construct subject to organization-level influences. Neglected are individual differences that could explain why employees in the same organization or work-group might shirk. Using a sample of workers from the health care profession in the United States, the present study sought to address these limitations by investigating subjective well-being (a dispositional construct), job satisfaction, as well as other indiuidual-level determinants of shirking. Results indicate that whites shirk significantly more than nonwhites, and that subjective well-being, job satisfaction, and age have significant, negative effects on shirking. The implications of these results are discussed.

Why Do Easterners Have Lower Well-Being Than Westerners? The Role of Others’ Approval Contingencies of Self-Worth in the Cross-Cultural Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hong Liu ◽  
Yi-Hsing Claire Chiu ◽  
Jen-Ho Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Cross

Previous studies have shown that Easterners generally perceive themselves as having lower subjective well-being compared with Westerners, and several mechanisms causing such differences have been identified. However, few studies have analyzed the causes of such differences from the perspective of the cross-cultural differences in the meanings of important life events such as whether people receive approval from others. Specifically, events regarding others’ approval might have different meanings to and influences on Easterners and Westerners. Thus, the degree of fluctuation of people’s views of self-worth in response to these events (i.e., others’ approval contingencies of self-worth [CSW]) probably differs between Easterners and Westerners. This may be a reason for cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. We investigated two samples of undergraduate students from Taiwan and the United States to examine the mediating role of others’ approval CSW in forming cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. The results revealed that Taiwanese participants exhibited lower subjective well-being and higher others’ approval CSW than American participants. In addition, others’ approval CSW partially mediated the cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. Thus, one reason for lower subjective well-being among Easterners was likely that their self-esteem was more prone to larger fluctuations depending on whether they receive approval from others in everyday life.

scholarly journals The influence of daily spiritual experiences and gender on subjective well-being over time in cancer survivors

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Myriam Rudaz ◽  
Thomas Ledermann ◽  
Joseph G. Grzywacz
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Daily Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Over Time

Cancer survivors are at risk for poor subjective well-being, but the potential beneficial effect of daily spiritual experiences is unknown. Using data from the second and third wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we examined the extent to which daily spiritual experiences at baseline moderate the association between subjective well-being at baseline and approximately 10 years later in cancer survivors ( n = 288). Regression analyses, controlled for age, educational attainment, and religious/spiritual coping, showed that daily spiritual experiences moderated the association between life satisfaction at baseline and follow-up. Specifically, high spiritual experiences enhanced life satisfaction over time in cancer survivors with low life satisfaction at baseline. Also, daily spiritual experiences moderated the association between positive affect at baseline and follow-up, though this moderating effect was different for women and men. No moderating effect emerged for negative affect.

Married couples’ perceptions on women’s autonomy and subjective well-being in Lao PDR

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Yoshikawa ◽  
Yusuke Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Inheritance System

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the perceptions of married couples regarding women’s autonomy and the association of these perceptions with the subjective well-being of wives in Lao PDR.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in semi-urban communities in Vientiane Capital of Lao PDR. Data were collected from 198 matched married couples with children under 12 years of age. Cross-tabulation analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to assess the association between couple’s perceptions regarding women’s autonomy and the subjective well-being of wives.FindingsResults from regression analysis revealed a positive association between the self-reported autonomy of wives and their subjective well-being. In contrast, neither the husband’s perceptions nor the couple’s concordance regarding the autonomy of the wife was associated with the level of the wife’s subjective well-being.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey was conducted in four small communities in Vientiane Capital. Thus, larger and more representative studies covering the entire country would be preferable for future policy orientation.Originality/valueThe study sites belong to the Lao-Lum group, which follows a matrilineal inheritance system under which wives generally enjoy a relatively higher social status than do women elsewhere in the world. The findings suggest that, even in women-centered settings, interventions aimed at increasing a woman’s perception of her household decision-making autonomy can improve her subjective well-being.

scholarly journals Enhancing Older Adults’ Sense of Belonging and Subjective Well-Being Through Sport Game Attendance, Team Identification, and Emotional Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 530-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhei Inoue ◽  
Daniel L. Wann ◽  
Daniel Lock ◽  
Mikihiro Sato ◽  
Christopher Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Game Attendance

Objective: We investigate how (a) attendance at sport games and (b) identification with a sport team as fans (i.e., team identification) influence older adults’ perceptions of emotional support, belonging, and subjective well-being (SWB). Method: An experimental pilot study was conducted with 50 older adults, followed by a main survey study administered to 534 older adults from various communities across the United States. Results: Pilot study results indicated that game attendance and team identification had a positive and significant influence on older adults’ perceptions of emotional support from fellow team fans. These results were replicated in the main study, which also showed that older adults’ perceived emotional support from fellow fans was positively associated with their sense of belonging which predicted their SWB. Discussion: The findings provide insights into how older adults may be engaged in meaningful forms of social life to help them maintain and enhance mental health.

scholarly journals Endogenous Selection Bias and Cumulative Inequality over the Life Course: Evidence from Educational Inequality in Subjective Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
Fabian Kratz ◽  
Alexander Patzina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Interviewer Effects ◽  
Endogenous Selection ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract According to theories of cumulative (dis-)advantage, inequality increases over the life course. Labour market research has seized this argument to explain the increasing economic inequality as people age. However, evidence for cumulative (dis-)advantage in subjective well-being remains ambiguous, and a prominent study from the United States has reported contradictory results. Here, we reconcile research on inequality in subjective well-being with theories of cumulative (dis-)advantage. We argue that the age-specific endogenous selection of the (survey) population results in decreasing inequalities in subjective well-being means whereas individual-level changes show a pattern of cumulative (dis-)advantage. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the European Social Survey (N = 15,252) and employing hierarchical age-period-cohort models, we replicate the finding of decreasing inequality from the United States with the same research design for Germany. Using panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (persons = 47,683, person-years = 360,306) and employing growth curve models, we show that this pattern of decreasing inequality in subjective well-being means is accompanied by increasing inequality in intra-individual subjective well-being changes. This pattern arises because disadvantaged groups, such as the low educated and individuals with low subjective well-being show lower probabilities of continuing to participate in a survey and because both determinants reinforce each other. In addition to allowing individual changes and attrition processes to be examined, the employed multi-cohort panel data have further key advantages for examining inequality in subjective well-being over the life course: They require weaker assumptions to control for period and cohort effects and make it possible to control for interviewer effects that may influence the results.

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