scholarly journals SCENARIO BASED INSTRUCTION: A REVERSE APPROACH FOR CONCEPTUAL LEARNING IN PHYSIOLOGY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Meshram ◽  
Lalit Waghmare ◽  
Ajay Meshram ◽  
Tripti Waghmare
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Conceptual Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Feedback Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Group B

To evaluate the gain in knowledge of first year MBBS students with the use of scenario-based teaching a reverse approach for conceptual learning in physiology a prospective interventional study was carried out in department of physiology. Methodology: 200 first year MBBS students participated in the study. 100 students (Group-A) were taken as control group to them the topic of physiology was taught by didactic method and another 100 students (Group-B) were taken as intervention group, where the same topic was taught with scenario-based instruction a reverse approach for conceptual learning in physiology. For each lecture pre and post test was taken. Five consecutive lectures were planned with this intervention. At the same time feedback forms were given to intervention group for purpose of analyzing the results qualitatively. After this intervention crossover of groups were done only for the sake of getting benefits of intervention. Results: Data obtained was analyzed statically. Pre and post test mean were taken. The results of post test (p<0.05) were found to be statistically significant when compared with pretest. As per the results of feedback forms, 90% (n=100) students agreed that the scenario based teaching is a powerful tool to understand the topic as it improves knowledge and makes learning more interesting. Conclusion: According to the MCQ and feedback analysis, the results showed that teaching topic with scenario based instruction is the better approach for making the students to learn, understand and to gain the knowledge of physiology lectures rather than by traditional lecture alone.

EFFECT OF YOGA ON CARDIOVASCULAR EFFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Brij Bhushan Singh ◽  
Shubi Mirja ◽  
Samiya Husain
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of yogic practices on cardio-vascular efficiency. Material and methods: Total Forty (40) subject’s boys/girls were selected as the sample of the study through the random sampling and their age ranged between 20 to 25 years from the Department of Physical Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The subjects were divided into two groups comprising 20 subjects in each group, namely group “A” (the experimental group) performs yogic practices (Asanas, Pranayamas and Kriyas) and group “B” (the control group) served as control. Statistical technique: for the assessment of the cardiovascular efficiency through Harvard step test pre and post-test was conducted and t-test was applied for the analysis. Result: revealed that there exist a significant difference between group A and group B, at .05 level of significance. On the basis of the pre and post-test among experimental and control group, experimental group found better than the control group on cardiovascular efficiency and significant result were found in this study.

scholarly journals The Role of Peer- and Self-Assessment in Developing Saudi EFL Learners’ English Writing Skills

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Manal Obaid Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
English Writing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

<p>The current study focuses on the importance of integrating peer- and self-assessment in<br />teaching English as a second/foreign language in Saudi Arabia. It pays special attention to the<br />mechanisms by which Saudi EFL learners can improve their English writing skills if they<br />engage in peer- and self-assessment regularly. To this end, the researcher administered a<br />writing composition task to measure the participants’ ability to express themselves in good<br />English, focusing on the coherence, cohesion, word choice, spelling, punctuation, and layout<br />of their essays. The researcher utilised the experimental two-groups design of a pre-test and a<br />post-test, in order to evaluate the participants’ performance prior to the application of the<br />treatment (i.e. peer- and self-assessment) and after it. For the purpose of the study, the<br />participants were divided into two groups: students in group A (i.e. the treatment group)<br />engaged in peer- and self-assessment regularly throughout the term, whilst students in group<br />B (i.e. the control group) did not. The results of group A on the pre-test and post-test were<br />compared to those of group B to determine whether the treatment had any impact on their<br />performance. The results reveal that group A outperformed their group B counterparts on the<br />post-test. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the difference between the results of the<br />two groups was statistically significant, suggesting that the treatment contributed positively to<br />the performance of the treatment group. Finally, the study concludes with recommendations<br />for further research.</p>

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHEWING MARSHMALLOW CONTAINING BETEL CHEW IN REDUCING STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND PLAQUE INDEX ON CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
RINDIT PAMBAYUN ◽  
ADE PUTRI ◽  
MEIDY TRI YUDA ◽  
SITI RUSDIANA PUSPA DEWI ◽  
TRI WARDANI WIDOWATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Islamic School ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: Marshmallow is a soft candy loved by all levels of society, especially children. Sucrose contained in marshmallow increases the growth of Streptococcus mutans and plaque. Betel chew as Indonesian traditional plants add in marshmallow was believed to decrease S. mutans and plaque. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chewing marshmallow containing betel chew in reducing S. mutans and plaque index in children. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. It was conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, Laboratory of Agricultural Technology Department, and Islamic School of Al-Amalul Khair. Thirty students were divided into two groups. Group A was chewing marshmallow without betel chew and Group B was chewing marshmallow containing betel chew. Results: The results showed that chewing marshmallow without betel chew increased the growth of S. mutans and plaque index significantly. Chewing marshmallow without betel chew inhibited the growth of S. mutans and dental plaque formation. Conclusion: Chewing marshmallow containing betel chew reduces S. mutans and plaque index on children.

Plaque Removal Efficacy of Dental floss Compare to Water Jet Following Single Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3439-3441
Author(s):  
Syed Midhat Batool ◽  
Madiha Rasheed ◽  
Kawish Syed ◽  
Afaq Farooq ◽  
Zain Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Plaque Removal ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Dental plaque (biofilm) is a well-known contributor to the onset and progression of many dental illnesses. Plaque is a natural biofilm that develops on oral surfaces and contains a wide variety of organisms. As a result, it is critical to control plaque formation, particularly in the young population, by implementing effective preventive strategies. Objective: To assess and compare plaque removal efficacy of water flosser and string floss in patients. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of study: Department of Periodontology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara University from 1st March 2019 to 31st May 2019. Methodology: Seventy patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, group A (using dental floss) as the control group and group B (using waterpik) as the intervention group, using the lottery technique. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, group A (control group), using dental floss and group B (intervention group), using waterpik utilizing the lottery technique. All participants were taught correct brushing technique utilizing the Modified Bass technique and manufacturer's instructions for using waterpik as well as normal flossing instructions for using Dental floss. Results: The mean age presentation was 34.23±6.78 years. The females were 42 (60%) males were 28 (40%). The mean percentage showed that those using water flosser with tooth brushing had low plaque score than using string floss with tooth brushing. The independent t test showed that water flosser is significantly more effective (p=0.001) in plaque reduction than conventional string floss. Conclusion: A water flosser coupled with hand brushing is more effective in eliminating plaque than string floss. Plaque removal was 20-30% higher in the group that used a water flosser. Key words: Efficacy, Dental floss, Water jet

The effects of explicit instruction on L2 learners’ acquisition of verb–noun collocations

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-162
Author(s):  
Mei-Hsing Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Group A ◽  
Recognition Testing ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
English Verb

This study investigates the relative effectiveness of two methods for teaching a set of English verb–noun collocations: form-focused instruction (FFI) and concept-based instruction (CBI). The sample comprised 73 Chinese-speaking learners of English taking intermediate English courses, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an FFI intervention group, a CBI intervention group, and a control group. In order to determine the effects of the two instructional methods, the participants’ collocational knowledge was measured in three ways: via form recall testing, form recognition testing, and meaning recall testing. Specifically, all of the participants took pretests, immediate posttests, and one-week delayed posttests. The results of a comparison of the learning gains between the three groups showed that the CBI and FFI approaches each had a positive effect on establishing initial form–meaning relationships for verb–noun collocations. The CBI group significantly outperformed the FFI group on both collocational acquisition and retention. This result suggests that CBI’s focus on learning verbal meanings through image schemas and conceptualization practice is associated with a deeper understanding of English verb–noun collocations. The study concludes with pedagogical implications for teaching second language (L2) collocations.

scholarly journals Effect of polydextrose-containing beverage on bowel habits and gastrointestinal symptoms of constipated subjects: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-367
Author(s):  
Mohamad Yulianto Kurniawan ◽  
◽  
Nourmatania Istiftiani ◽  
Lilis Heryati ◽  
Christian Reinaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Stool Frequency ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bowel Habits ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Introduction: Indonesians have a low intake of dietary fibre, a key component for an increased incidence in constipation. Available data have documented the benefits of polydextrose (PDX) in healthy subjects. However, data on constipated subjects are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effect of consuming a PDX (prebiotic) beverage on bowel habits and gastrointestinal symptoms of constipated subjects over seven days. Methods: This was a randomised, non-blinded, nonplacebo-controlled parallel design study involving 24 subjects, divided equally into two groups. Group A (active control group) consisted of 12 subjects, consuming one serving size of 6g PDX beverage. While Group B (intervention group) consisted of 12 subjects, consuming two servings of the same product, containing 12g PDX beverage. Changes in bowel habits (constipation score, stool frequency and stool consistency) and gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence) were monitored. Results: Within seven days, Group B showed 4.9% more reduction in overall constipation mean score than that of Group A. Positive improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms were reported: i.e. abdominal pain (∆M = -0.08±0.43), bloating (∆M = -0.29±0.37) and flatulence (∆M = -0.17±0.47). Majority of subjects had desirable stool frequency (87.5%, >3 defecations/week) and stool consistency (58.3%, type 4). These improvements were due to the fact that PDX provides physiological effects consistent with prebiotic fibre, which alters the gut microbiota composition during the fermentation cycle in the large intestine. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggested that daily PDX beverage consumption effectively improved bowel habits, with fewer constipated subjects reporting of gastrointestinal symptoms.

scholarly journals Using Dictation to Promote the Use of Grammar Knowledge in Reconstructing Listening Texts

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Hesthi Herusatoto
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Grammar Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Group

This paper reports the findings of the implementation of full dictation and partial dictation in improving the awareness of using grammar knowledge in reconstructing listening texts among the EFL students at STBA (School of Foreign Languages) LIA Yogyakarta. Three groups participated in the study, i.e. two experimental groups (Group A and B) and a control group (Group C). A pre-test on listening to lectures was administered to the three groups. Over 9 sessions, Group C did the listening exercises in their textbook using dicto-comp technique, while in addition to the listening exercises which applied dicto-comp, the students in Group A was given full dictation exercises and Group B received partial dictation exercises. A post-test was given to the three groups after the ninth session. In addition to the post-test, a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire assessing the students responses to the dictation exercises was given to the experimental groups. Results of paired-samples tests indicated that there was a significant difference between each groups pre- and post-test. The mean gain score of Group B was higher than Group A showing that Group B had better improvement in the post-test. Furthermore, Group B had better grammar points in their post-test compared to Group A. Group C also increased their scores but they still got their teachers assistance to point out their grammatical mistakes in their notes. This suggests that the dictations given to the experimental groups improved the students awareness in applying their grammar knowledge to reproduce a listening text they heard.

scholarly journals Effect of Honey in the Management of Otomycosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amisha Patel ◽  
Vaghela D B
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinical Control Trial ◽  
Group B

Otomycosis is a fungal infection of External ear, characterized by earache, pruritus, ear blockage, discharge, hearing loss and ringing in ear.  It is the most common clinical entity in the ENT clinics. The disease is more common in hot and humid climate. Its worldwide prevalence is 5.2 % and 9 % in India. 5-25 % of otitis externa cases are due to otomycosis. Bactericidal and fungicidal activity of Honey is proved previously by in vitro study. Honey has high osmolarity and acidic pH. And fungus does not grow in acidic media. With this background, present study is aimed to know the efficacy of the Honey in the management of Otomycosis. This randomized clinical control trial including two groups, one is intervention group (group A) and second is control group (group B). Pt is advised to instill three drops of Honey thrice a day for 7 days in Group A and three drops of Clotrimazole thrice a day for 7 days in Group B. There is statistically highly significant results was observed in all signs and symptoms except hearing loss which is significant in both Groups. Statistically insignificant difference was found between both Groups. 

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF POLYETHYLENE SKIN WRAP IN PREVENTION OF HYPOTHERMIA IN PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-13
Author(s):  
Goher Ali Khan ◽  
Usman Riaz ◽  
Sara Iqbal ◽  
Tariq Aziz Qureshi ◽  
Hina Kanwal Shafaat
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Neonatal Hypothermia

Objective: To establish the effectiveness of polyethylene skin wrap in prevention of neonatal hypothermia in preterm and low birth weight neonates. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from May 2015 to Apr 2017. Methodology: A total of 176 neonates were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, through non-probability consecutive sampling. Eighty eight newborns were randomly distributed to each of group “A” and “B” by lottery method. The intervention group “A” infants were wrapped in a polyethylene skin wrap from shoulders down while the control group “B” newborns were wrapped with conventional blankets. After shifting to neonatal intensive care unit, axillary temperatures were recorded with similar pediatric digital thermometers upon admission and after one hour and two hours following admission in the two groups. Results: The mean temperatures measured at one hour and two hours after admission showed significant statistical improvements in the intervention group as compared to the control group (<0.05). Conclusion: The use of polyethylene skin wrap in preterm and low birth weight neonates potentially offers a useful intervenetion in prevention of neonatal hypothermia.

scholarly journals Modified technique of end to side distal radio-cephalic shunt to overcome juxta-anastomotic stenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Haitham Atif ◽  
Nehad Abdou Zaid ◽  
Abd El-Mieniem Fareed Mohamed ◽  
Yehia Mohamed Alkhateep
Keyword(s):  
Patency Rate ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Anastomotic Stenosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Juxta-anastomotic stenosis (JAS) is one of the predominant causes of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure, with the reported incidence of 65%, so that technical modification to alter the outflow vein configuration using the modified technique has been applied to prevent JAS and improve AVF maturation. The aim of the study to evaluate the modified technique of end-to-side distal radiocephalic A-V fistula regarding maturation, patency rate and the resultant juxta-anastomotic stenosis.Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 80 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) at vascular surgery unit in general surgery department, Menoufia university hospital that prepared for dialysis. 40 patients "intervention group" underwent the modified technique to establish a functioning radiocephalic fistula; the other group (40 patients, control group) had the conventional technique of end to side radiocephalic fistula. Follow up of patients was over 6 months regarding function, patency rate and development of juxta-anastomotic stenosis.Results: There was statistically significant difference between 2 groups regarding primary failure, patency and JAS. Primary failure was detected in 2 patients in group A and in 5 patients in group B (p-value is 0.04). Considering patency rate, after 3 months the ratio between group A and group B was 37:34 with significant P value of 0.02, and after 6 months the ratio was 35:33 with P value of 0.03. Regarding JAS, by the end of follow up period, 4 patients diagnosed with JAS in group A, while group B had 8 patients, with p value of 0.01.Conclusions: Modified technique of end to side anastomosis for primary radio-cephalic fistula creation has better patency rate and low incidence of JAS than conventional method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document