Antibacterial activity of avocado extracts (Persea americana Mill.) against Streptococcus agalactiae

Abstract The antioxidant and antibacterial activity and toxicity of natural products can change according to plant variety, as well as the part of the plant which is analyzed. In this study, peel, pulp and seed of four avocado varieties (Quintal, Fortuna, Margarida, and Hass) were analyzed for antioxidant and antibacterial properties and toxicity. There are few studies in the literature comparing these three first varieties. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability Power) methods, along with the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Principal component analysis was applied for antioxidant tests. Antibacterial activity against food pathogens was assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. Toxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina and also by hemolytic activity. The ethanolic extract of Quintal variety peel presented the greatest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This same extract showed no toxicity in the preliminary tests, and shows great potential for food industry application as an additive.

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Uji Antibakteri Sediaan Masker Peel Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea ameicana Mill.) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis sebagai Antijerawat

Jurnal MIPA ◽

10.35799/jmuo.8.3.2019.25773 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Esterlina Aldora Puluh ◽

Hosea Jaya Edy ◽

Jainer Pasca Siampa

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Inhibitory Ability ◽

Activity Test

Daun Alpukat memiliki kandungan antara lain saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, quersetin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off berdasarkan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium. Formula sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun Alpukat dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% dan 0.3%. Ekstrak tanaman daun alpukat diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian antibakteri dengan metode sumuran diameter zona hambat yang paling besar yaitu pada konsentrasi 0,3% dengan diameter zona hambat 3 mm ± 0,32 dan kemampuan daya hambat dikategorikan lemah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak etanol daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off yaitu pada konsentrasi 0.3% dan dikategorikan kemampuan daya hambat lemahAvocado leaves contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quercetin which are as antibacterial properties. This study aims to obtain the best concentration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) which is formulated as a gel peel off mask preparation based on antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. Avocado leaf extract peel off mask gel formula is made with a concentration variation of 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% and 0.3%. Avocado leaf extract is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial testing with the largest inhibition zone diameter wells method is at a concentration of 0.3% with a diameter of inhibition zone 3 mm ± 0.32 and the ability of inhibition is categorized as weak. It can be concluded that the best concentration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) Which is formulated as a gel peel off mask preparation is at a concentration of 0.3% and categorized as weak inhibitory ability

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Antibacterial Activity against Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Inhibitory Activity of Monoamine Oxidase A & B by Persea americana “Avocado” Seed Extracts

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2021.23294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 2093-2098

Author(s):

N-D. Nogbou ◽

Z.T. Mkhombo ◽

M.T. Olivier ◽

M.O. Ogunrombi ◽

R.B. Maseko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Monoamine Oxidase ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Monoamine Oxidase A ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Mao A ◽

Seed Extracts

This study reported various Persia americana seed extracts for the presence and total content of phytochemicals, antibacterial activity and inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO) A & B enzymes. Phytochemical studies showed that phenols, flavonoids and tannins were found in all the polar solvents. The highest antibacterial activity was exhibited against Gram-positive bacteria by acetone extract on Enterococcus faecium and methanol extract on Enterococcus faecalis. From the monoamine inhibition experiments, a significant inhibitory activity was observed from ethanolic extracts against MAO-A and from n-hexane extracts against MAO-B. This study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of P. americana seed extracts against enterococci bacteria, E. faecium and E. faecalis. This finding offers hope of a potential new antibacterial compound in the treatment of these multidrug resistant bacteria.

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Phytoconstituent Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Epicarp Extracts from Mature Fruits of Persea americana Mill

Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.21705/mcbs.v4i2.133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Cyuzuzo Callixte ◽

Dusabimana Jean Damascene ◽

Anwar Ma'aruf ◽

Yoes Prijatna Dachlan ◽

Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Persea Americana ◽

World Health ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Health Organization ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has reported the antimicrobial resistance as one among the ten threats to global health in 2019. The development of plant-derived antibiotics is currently considered as a modern medicine’s greatest success. Persea americana is a plant with high medicinal profile which allow its different parts to be used for therapeutic purposes. This study is aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of ethanol and chloroform extracts from epicarp of mature fruits of P. americana Mill against human pathogens.Materials and Methods: The epicarps of avocado were dried in oven and ground into powder using porcelain mortar and pestle. The powdered plant materials were extracted with both 96% ethanol and chloroform. Extracts were qualitatively screened to examine their bioactive contents and agar well diffusion method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity of extracts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Results: Both solvents showed the ability to dissolve the secondary metabolites from avocado epicarps. Phytochemical screening disclosed the presence of alkaloids, proteins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts and absence of flavonoids and tannins in chloroform extracts. The extracts showed the inhibition zones ranging from 14±4.5 mm to 26±2.1 mm while streptomycin demonstrated high inhibition zones ranging from 20±3.1 mm to 30 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts fall in the range of 0.3125 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL while the MIC values for streptomycin vary from 0.25 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL.Conclusion: The ethanol and chloroform extracts proved to be potentially effective and to be used as natural alternative preventives to fight against various disease-causing bacteria.Keywords: antibacterial activity, ethanol extract, chloroform extract, Persea americana, Rwanda

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Fractionation and Hydrolyzation of Avocado Peel Extract: Improvement of Antibacterial Activity

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10010023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Igor Trujillo-Mayol ◽

Nidia Casas-Forero ◽

Edgar Pastene-Navarrete ◽

Fabiana Lima Silva ◽

Julio Alarcón-Enos

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

High Performance ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Inhibitory Efficiency ◽

Biofilm Disruption ◽

Peel Extract

Avocado Hass (Persea americana Mill) peel extract (APE) has the potential as a natural ingredient to substitute for chemical preservatives. The objectives of this study were to assess the phytochemical composition by high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass/mass spectrometry (HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS), total phenolic content (TPC), proanthocyanidin (PAC) content, and antioxidant activity of the APE, the organic fraction (OF), the aqueous fraction (AF), and the acid-microwave hydrolyzed APE (HAPE), on the antibacterial activity (ABA). The results indicated that APE and OF contained (p ˂ 0.05) a higher phenolic composition and antioxidant activity than AF and HAPE. The ABA specified that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus were inhibited by all the extracts (minimal inhibitory concentration—MIC ≥ 500 µg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus was only significantly inhibited by APE (≥750 µg/mL), the same MIC was observed for the OF on Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The HAPE increased the inhibitory efficiency up to 25% on Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (MIC ≥ 750 µg/mL), and 83.34% on L. monocytogenes (MIC ≥ 125 µg/mL) compared to APE (MIC ≥ 750 µg/mL). Also, HAPE inhibited the biofilm formation at the lowest concentration (125 µg/mL); meanwhile, the biofilm disruption showed to be concentration-time-dependent (p ˃ 0.05) compared to amoxicillin. In conclusion, the fractionation and hydrolyzation of APE improved the ABA; thus, those strategies are useful to design new antimicrobial compounds.

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Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação da atividade antibacteriana dos extratos das folhas de Persea americana Mill / Phytochemical study and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Persea americana Mill leaf extracts

Brazilian Journal of Development ◽

10.34117/bjdv7n10-230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Larissa Pâmela Santos Lima ◽

Débora Mariana Dias Maia ◽

Valéria Farias Andrade ◽

Talita Antunes Guimarães ◽

Flávio Júnior Barbosa Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Study

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Therapeutic potentials of Excoecaria agallocha against gram-positive and gram-negative fish bacterial pathogens

Journal of Ideas in Health ◽

10.47108/jidhealth.vol2.iss2.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 87-94

Author(s):

Laith A. Abdul Razak ◽

Nadirah Musa ◽

Aya Jabar ◽

Najiah Musa

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

E Coli ◽

Excoecaria Agallocha

Background: The present investigation of a mangrove plant, Excoecaria agallocha, which is a popular medicinal substitute for the treatment of microbial ailments, were evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Methods: Antibacterial activity was performed using agar diffusion method, disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antibiotic susceptibility assays. Experimental fish fed diet containing 0 (control), 5, 25, and 50 mg kg-1 E. agallocha leaf methanol extract for 28 days then challenged individually with E. coli or S. agalactiae and mortalities were recorded over a ten-day post-infection period. Results: Results indicated that both bacterial species are sensitive to tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. E. coli was found to be resistant to neomycin. E. agallocha extract concentration of 50 mg/ml produced a zone of inhibition of 18 mm against E. coli, in contrast to 13 mm against S. agalactiae. E. agallocha showed bactericidal activity against E. coli and bacteriostatic activity against S. agalactiae. The highest E. agallocha LC50 activity was 83 mg/ml. The highest cumulative mortality was 90.0 ± 10.0% in control as compared to 26.7 ± 11.5% in the group fed with 50 mg kg-1 E. agallocha extract, significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hence, E. agallocha showed antibacterial activity against fish pathogens Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; therefore, E. agallocha may be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against fish pathogenic bacteria as an additive to feed at a concentration depend, safe, non-cytotoxic doses.

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