scholarly journals Assessment of the degree of lameness in cows

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Kontsevaya ◽  
A. M. Nefedov ◽  
V. I. Lutsay ◽  
S. I. Lavrov ◽  
D. A. Pekurovsky
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Finger Pad ◽  
Daily Milk

Relevance. The structure of the hoof of cows is a complex biological mechanism consisting of the hoof joint, hoof bone, finger pad, sole, hoof wall, etc. According to V.A. Lukyanovsky (1982), hooves are an additional heart of the animal, since when the hoof hits the ground, the blood actively rises, which allows to create auxiliary pressure in the blood vessels, facilitating the work of the heart muscle. When this system is violated, pathologies of the cardiovascular system often develop. The appearance of foci of the pathological process in different parts of the hoof will not only disrupt the work of the heart, but also cause discomfort, pain, and most importantly — lameness, which will be the driving force in a significant decrease in the productivity of cattle.Methods. Scientists identify three main signs of developing lameness in an animal. The first is the position of the back when walking, normally the back should be smooth and straight, while with the onset of lameness, the animal will carefully rearrange the limb, thereby straining the dorsal muscles, after which a bend in the back will be observed. The second sign is a short step, since with pain syndrome, the animal tries to minimize the load on the diseased limb. The third sign will be the obvious protection of the diseased limb, as a result of which the animal will completely cease to rely on the limb, both when walking and when standing.Results. A systematic approach will allow us to present a mathematical model of a healthy animal and of lame one. Thus, the following pattern can be identified: In order to receive nutrients together with the feed, the cow must reach the feeder, therefore, depending on the degree of lameness, there is a decrease in the consumption of dry matter, up to 15%. Based on this, it can be calculated that with a lack of nutrients and energy, there will be a decrease in milk yield of up to 36%. Which, according to P.I. Nikanorov and I.M. Kasyanov, will lead to a loss of up to 300 kg of milk for the entire lactation period. It was found that in the presence of overgrown and deformed hooves, the daily milk yield of cows is reduced by 5–12%, and with the appearance of cracks in the fragments of the horny capsule — by 19–20%. Also, the birth of a calf is required to obtain milk, and the presence of lameness will negatively affect the production of reproductive hormones, lead to the appearance of “quiet” hunting, which in turn will indirectly lead to a loss of milk productivity.

scholarly journals On designing the average lactation curve at the ascending phase

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Comparisons are made between different methods to find the peak production (maximum daily milk yield) and methods to design the average lactation curve at the ascending phase in dairy cows. It was noted that in order to determine the height and location of the maximal producing capacity of a cow in a known lactation period, it is preferable to choose the peak production as a mean of three subsequent best days. It was also noted that the usual methods for drawing the average lactation curves do not give a true picture of the height and location of the peak. The author suggests a method for determining the average lactation curve at the ascending phase by using the averages of both milk productions and times involved in reaching the peak and known fractions (e.g. 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 5/4) of it. In this lactation curve the peak production is the mean of the peaks of individual cows, and the time involved in reaching it is the mean of the durations of the ascending phases of the individual cows.

scholarly journals Productivity of fi rst-calf cows of different sire lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolchev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The results of the study of milk productivity and lactation rates of fi rst-calf cows are presented. The research into fi rst-calf cows of black-andwhite Holstein breed, belonging to sire lines of Wis Ideal 1013415 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was conducted in 2018 in Novosibirsk region. The number of cows under study was 64, the period of the study covered 305 days of lactation. Monitoring of milk production, milk fl ow intensity, fat and protein content was carried out monthly. The research materials were analyzed for groups of cows depending on their sire line and productivity for single and daily milk yield, fat and protein content, and dynamics of milk ejection for the fi rst 3 minutes of milking. The highest daily milk yield in both lines was observed in the second month of lactation. In the fourth and fi fth months of lactation, the average daily milk yield of Refl ection Sovereign cows was signifi cantly higher (р < 0.001) than that of their peers of the Vis Ideal line, by 1.3 kg. During the lactation period, the productivity of the Vis Ideal and Refl ection Sovereign cows was almost the same: milk yield – 8296 and 8220 kg, fat content – 4.02 and 4.06%, protein – 3.36 and 3.35% and milk fl ow intensity – 2.70 and 2.78 kg/min, respectively. In the second and third months of lactation, cows of both lines had a decrease in the content of fat, protein and intensity of milk fl ow with a gradual increase in these indices in the fourth and fi fth months of lactation. First-calf cows of the black-and-white breed of Canadian selection of different sire lines showed a high level of milk productivity and proved to be suitable for further breeding work.

scholarly journals LEVEL OF FEEDING AND THE DYNAMICS OF MILK YIELDS OF AYRSHIRE BREED OF COWS AFTER FIRST CALVING

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
O.V. Zelenina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Ermoshina ◽  
M.A. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Pronounced Peak

Evaluation of the nutritional value of feed mixtures for lactation periods of the Ayrshire first-calf breed showed that in the first period there is an excess of dry matter and easily digestible protein in the diet, and a lack of sugar in all periods. The consumption of energy and nutrients for the synthesis of 1 kg of milk was optimal. For 305 days of lactation, an average of 7653 kg of milk per cow was obtained after the first calving, and the maximum daily milk yield was recorded in the second month of lactation. The research of lactation curves showed that highly productive cows have a more pronounced peak of milk yield in the first lactation months; the level of milk productivity remains high up to 9-10 months of the lactation period.

ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СВОЙСТВ ВЫМЕНИ ГОЛШТИНСКИХ КОРОВ АВСТРАЛИЙСКОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЮГА РОССИИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
V.A. KARATUNOV ◽  
I.N. TUZOV
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Изучены функциональные свойства вымени коров голштинской породы австралийской селекции, выращенных с использованием повышенных норм выпойки молока и добавлением пробиотического препарата целлобактерин . В сельхозпредприятии Краснодарского края, на потомках импортного скота голштинской породы австралийской селекции, завезенного в 2008 году. Для проведения опыта от нетелей линии Рефлекшн Соверинг 198998 получили телят и сформировали 4 группы подопытных телочек по 16 голов (n64): I контрольная, II, III, IV опытные. Животные были аналогами по происхождению, живой массе и возрасту. Различие между группами заключалось в технологии их выращивания. Телки контрольной группы выращивались по технологии принятой в хозяйстве, а животных II, III и IV опытных групп кормили опытными рационами. В состав кормовых рационов телочек опытных групп входило неодинаковое количество кормов животного происхождения и пробиотический препарат. После отела было установлено, что коровы опытных групп превосходили сверстниц I контрольной группы по обхвату вымени на 0,83,0 см. По 3 лактации различия по изучаемым промерам подопытных групп составили 1,33,5 см. При изучении промеров глубины вымени по 1 и 3 лактации установлена такая же закономерность по их увеличению, как и по обхвату вымени. Наиболее высокие суточные удои установлены у коров III группы 26,2 кг, превосходство над сверстницами контрольной группы по этому показателю составило 4,3 кг, или 19,6. По скорости молокоотдачи животные контрольной группы уступали сверстницам опытных групп. Индекс вымени во всех группах был достаточно высоким, и составлял по 1й лактации 44,846,2, по 3й 45,347,4. Суточные удои коров по 3 лактации возросли. Доказана зависимость между величиной вымени и удоем за лактацию. Интенсивное выращивание подопытных телок с добавлением пробиотического препарата положительно отразилось на увеличении у них промеров вымени, когда они стали коровами, что способствовало повышению удоев с 1по 3 лактации. Установлено, что коровы опытных групп по 1 лактации превышали сверстниц контрольной на 1,44,3 кг. По 3 лактации превышение составило 1,45,4 кг. Установлено, что коровы опытных групп превосходили сверстниц I контрольной группы по функциональным свойствам вымени.Functional properties of udders of Holstein cow breed of Australian selection grown with the use of increased norms of milk feeding and the addition of Cellobacterine probiotic preparation were studied. Research was carried out on the basis of agricultural enterprise located on the territory of Krasnodar region using the offspring of Hostein cow breed of Australian selection imported in 2008. 4 groups of test cow calves consisting of 16 animals (n64) received from Reflection Sovereign bred heifers 198998 were formed to carry out the experiment. There was group I which was used as control, and groups II, III, and IV which were used as test groups. Animals had similar origin, live weight and age. The groups were differentiated by growth technology. Cow calves from the control group were grown according to the traditional technology, and animals from group II, III, and IV received experimental feed. Nonuniform quantity of feeds of animal origin and probiotic preparation were included in feed rations of cow calves from test groups. After calving it was found that test cows were superior to animals from control group I in udder circumference by 0.83.0 cm. During the third lactation period the differences according to the studied measurements of test groups amounted to 1.3 3.5 cm. Analysis of udder depth measurements during the first and the third lactation period showed the same tendency towards increasing as during the analysis of udder circumference. The highest daily milk yield was registered in the cows from group III 26.2kg, the superiority to the cows from the control group in this parameter amounted to 4.3 kg or 19.6. Milk flow speed of control group animals was inferior to that of the cows from test groups. Udder index was rather high in all of the groups and during the first lactation period amounted to 44.846.2, the third 45.3.47.4. Daily milk yield increased during the third lactation period. The dependence of the size of the udder on milk yield per lactation was proved. Intensive growth of test cow calves with the addition of probiotic preparation positively influenced the increase in udder measurements when they became grown cows, which facilitated the increase in milk yield from the first to the third lactation period. It was found during the first lactation period test group cows were superior to the cows from the control group by 1.4 4.3 kg. The increase amounted to 1.4 5.4 kg during the third lactation period. It was also found that test group cows were superior to the cows from the control group in terms of udder functional properties.

Status of Nili Ravi buffaloes in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Vij ◽  
M.S. Tantia
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Demographic Distribution ◽  
Natural Service ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryNili Ravi buffaloes are native to the Ferozepur, Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab. A systematic survey was conducted in this area to study the socio-economic status of the farmers, and the demographic distribution and breed characteristics of Nili Ravi buffaloes. The majority of the farmers surveyed (84%) kept buffaloes. About 34 % of buffalo farmers were landless. Average land holdings were 1.50 hectares. Animals were provided with separate houses. The buffaloes were tied most of the time and fed chaffed fodder. Natural service was mainly practiced for the breeding of animals. Very few buffaloes had typical Nili Ravi characters (all extremities white). Most of the Nili Ravi type buffaloes now available have white markings on the forehead and hind legs only, and some have wall eyes i.e. eyes with a whitish iris. Average daily milk yield was 6.67 kg in a lactation period of 8–9 months. Nili Ravi type buffaloes constituted only 10.8 %, 8.7 % and 14 % of total buffaloes surveyed in Ferozepur, Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts, respectively. The estimated population of these buffaloes was about 0.2 million. The population of Nili Ravi is declining because of the non-availability of typical Nili Ravi bulls and non-marketability of Nili Ravi type (2–3 white extremities) animals.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN (FH) PADA PERIODE LAKTASI YANG BERBEDA (Milk Production of Friesian Holstein (FH) Cows at Different Lactation Periods)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmud ◽  
Woro Busono ◽  
Puguh Surjowardojo ◽  
Yuli Arif Tribudi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Peak Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This research was conducted in PT Greenfields Indonesia, Babadan Village, Ngajum Districts, Malang, East Java. The purpose of the study was to compare the milk production of FH (Friesian Holstein) dairy cows in various lactation periods. The material used in this research was data records of Australian FH, which have been developed in the Greenfields Indonesia farm. The data used were from 473 dairy cows, which consisted of 100 heads for each lactation period from the period I up to period IV and 73 heads for lactation period V. The variables measured were milk production 305 day 2X ME, daily milk yield production, peak day production, and the peak lactation. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the result showed differences, the analysis was continued using the Duncan test. The results showed that the increase in the lactation period significantly (P<0.01) decreased milk production and increased the duration of lactation peaks of FH cows. The highest milk production 305 day 2X ME was in the lactation period II, which was around 10232.90 ± 1036.62 kg/lactation or 32 ± 5.13 kg/day. In this period, the peak day in milk lactation was 71.5 ± 27.5 days, and the peak of milk production was 45.7 ± 4.1 kg/day. In conclusion, milk production increased from the first lactation period to the second lactation period and then decreased in subsequent periods. The peak of the first lactation period was reached longer, then falls in the second lactation period and then increases again at the following lactation period

scholarly journals Effect of lactation stage and milking frequency on milk yield from udder quarters of cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-642
Author(s):  
M. Bogucki
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Left Front ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the study was to analyse daily milk yield from udder quarters of automatically milked primiparous and multiparous cows during lactation and with changing milking frequency. The daily milk yield of udder quarters was higher in multiparous than in primiparous cows. At the same time, differences were observed, especially in front and rear quarters, and also in left and right quarters. The front quarters (LF and RF) of primiparous cows produced an average of 6.75 and 6.71 kg milk, and those of multiparous cows by 0.78 and 0.51 kg milk more, respectively. Higher daily milk yield was characteristic of rear quarters: 8.22 kg (left) and 7.71 kg (right) in primiparous cows, and 10.06 and 10.47 kg in multiparous cows, respectively. With advancing lactation (from ≤100 to >300 days), the milk yield of all quarters was found to decrease. The lowest decrease was in left front quarters (by 3.40 kg) and the highest in right rear quarters (by 4.35 kg). This relationship was most evident in cows entering lactation (in the first lactation period of ≤100 days). As milking frequency increased, the milk yield of individual quarters increased markedly. In front quarters, left and right quarters showed similar milk yields for milking frequency of less than 2.50 times/day and more than 2.80 times/day. A similar relationship was observed for rear quarters. The contribution of front and rear quarters to daily production was 45.8–54.2% in primiparous cows and 41.8–58.2% in multiparous cows.Keywords: Milk, multiparous, primiparous, quarter milking

scholarly journals Productivity of milk and milk composition of an indigenous sheep breed in Macedonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-504
Author(s):  
N. Pacinovski ◽  
V. Dzabirski ◽  
K. Porcu ◽  
E. Joshevska ◽  
G. Cilev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Several production traits have been examined in 180 Ovchepolian sheep during a four-year production period (2010-2013). The sheep ranged in age from the first to the 7th lactation and 4319 individual lactation controls were realized in total. Besides the basic statistics, all data were analysed using a multi-factorial fixed model. The influence of certain factors was studied using the F-test and the analyses were made using the SPSS set of programs. Most of the factors (year, lactation, lambing month and number of milk recording) had a highly significant influence (P<0.001) on daily milk production (milk from the morning, evening and the total amount of milk, % of milk fat and kg fat) in this breed of sheep. The month of milk recording also had a significant influence (P<0.05) on all traits. Only fertility had no impact on the variations in the tested parameters, aside from the total daily milk, on which a highly significant influence was manifested (P<0.01). The average milk lactation among the tested sheep population during all four years was, on average, 58 ? 0.247 l, while the production of milked milk for the same period was 37 ? 0.217 l. The length of the lactation period in these sheep for the four years studied averaged 182 ? 0.31 days. The maximal daily milk yield in this sheep population was measured in 2011 (0.302 ? 0.26 l). Regarding their age, the highest daily milk yield was determined in sheep in the third lactation (0.365 ? 0.26), while those in the 7th lactation had the lowest (0.255 ? 0.27).

scholarly journals Milk yield study of alpine goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Purevdolgor Dagviikhorol ◽  
Khaliunaa Tumenbayar
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The project aim was conducted to determine the milk yield and composition the lactation period (April to October) of the Alpine breed native goat in Mongolia. In terms of goat nutrition and herding, in April, May, and October, semi-farming was supplemented with fodder, and the rest of the time was spent on natural pastures. The average daily milk yield of goats is 2.1 liters on the 60th day of lactation and stabilizes on the 70th and 80th days, and the milk yield decreases further depending on the lactation period. The milk content of Alpine goats was determined by lactoscan with an average fat content of 3.6%, protein 3.3%, sugar 4.7%, minerals 0.7% and dry matter 9.2%. Альпин үүлдрийн ямааны сүүн ашиг шимийн судалгаа Монгол оронд нутагшуулан үржүүлж буй Альпин үүлдрийн ямааны саалийн хугацаан дах (4-10-р саруудад) сүүний гарц, найрлагыг тодорхойлох зорилгоор энэхүү судалгааны ажлыг хийж гүйцэтгэлээ.Ямааны тэжээллэг, маллагааны хувьд  IV, V, X сард хагас байран маллагаанд өвс, хивэг, шүүст тэжээл өгч бусад хугацаанд байгалийн бэлчээрт маллав. Ямааны хоногийн дундаж сүүний гарц лактацийн 60 дэх хоногт хамгийн их  буюу 2.1 л, 70-80 дах хоногт тогтворжиж цаашид лактацийн хугацаанаас хамаарч сүүний гарц буурч байна.  Альпин үүлдрийн ямааны сүүний найрлагыг лактоскан багажаар тодорхойлоход тослог дунджаар  3.6%, уураг 3.3 %, сахар 4.7 %, эрдэс бодис 0.7 %, хуурай бодис 9.2 хувийн агууламжтай байна. Альпин үүлдрийн ямааны дэлэнгийн бүслүүр саахын өмнө дунджаар 43.7 см байсан бол саасны дараа 31.8 см буюу 11.9 см-аар, хөхний бүслүүр саахын өмнө 11.4 см байсан бол саасны дараа 3.4 см, хөхний урт саасны дараа 1.2 см-аар тус тус багассан байна.  Түлхүүр үг:  ямаа, сүүний гарц, тослог уураг, эрдэс бодис   

scholarly journals A SİMULATİON STUDY TO DETERMİNE THE RESPONSE OF MORKARAMAN SHEEP RAİSED İN CENTRAL AND EASTERN ANATOLİAN TO CHANGİNG CLİMATE CONDİTİONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Ufuk Karadavut ◽  
Burhan Bahadır ◽  
Volkan Karadavut ◽  
Galip Şimşek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Climate change has begun to affect the whole world seriously. If necessary and sufficient measures are not taken, it seems possible that much bigger disasters will occur in the future. The agricultural sector, which forms the basis of food production, is affected the most and rapidly by this change. Significant decreases have been observed in plant and animal production. Our primary purpose is to determine the reproductive potential of animals and the amount of resistance to climate change and evaluate the economic situation. The study was carried out within ten years, covering 2009-2019. In this study, morkaraman sheep bred in the province of Kırşehir in the Central Anatolian Region and the province of Bingöl in the Eastern Anatolia Region is considered material in Turkey. In order to obtain the data used, a total of 296 sheep, 145 sheep in the Eastern Anatolia Region and 151 sheep in the Central Anatolia Region, were evaluated. The simulation study was carried out using the polygenic model. The variables examined are as follows; Lactation time (days), Average daily milk yield (ml), Daily amount of feed consumed for 1 kg live weight (kg), Yield (%), Incidence of Mastitis, Daily oil yield (g/day), Daily protein yield ( g/day), Fertility (%), Fertility time (productivity) (Days), Change in milk yield for each degree above 22 °C and Protein change for each degree above 22 °C (g/°C /day). As a result, in a one-degree increase in temperature, the highest negative effect is seen in the average daily milk yield and lactation period. Fertility and the amount of feed consumed per kg of weight had the lowest value. The preliminary work to be done with the work is that the selection of animals that are resistant/tolerant to climate change should be made. Keywords: Genotypic effects, climatic change, morkaraman sheep, simulation, sustainability.

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