scholarly journals Clinical symptoms of damage to the lateral surface of the tibia of dairy cows of different phenotype in the conditions of industrial dairy production

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (100) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
L. Roman ◽  
S. Sidashova ◽  
I. Popova ◽  
N. Stepanova ◽  
V. Chornyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Red Hair ◽  
Service Period

The results of the influence of the conditions of keeping Ukrainian red dairy cows on the manifestation of clinical symptoms of damage to the lateral surface of the tibia and the level of reproduction are presented. The study was conducted on the basis of an industrial dairy complex (600 dairy cows with an average productivity of 6050 kg of milk per lactation) as part of agricultural associations in Odessa region. The objects of the study were cows during lactation, which were kept loose in sections with rest boxes (where the floor was a special rubber mat with a thickness of 30 mm). Evaluation (in points) was performed on the clinical manifestation of symptoms of damage to the skin epithelium of the lateral surface of the leg, which was injured by the rubber coating of the stall compared to the level of reproduction (service period, days/%) and the severity of skin pigmentation of the body surface (selection melanism). Clinical, zootechnical, biometric methods were comprehensively applied to realize the purpose of research. Comparison of data (n = 462) visual-clinical assessment of the condition of the skin of the lateral surface of the leg, as an indicator of the adaptability of lactating cows to keep in sections with rubber flooring and the area of pigmented hair of animals of different phenotypes by coat color, showed that cows typical pigmentation, characteristic of red dairy breed (red hair occupied more than 80 % of the body surface), wound lesions of the lower leg are much less common, namely: in comparison with red-spotted animals by 28.41–15.98 %, with mostly white – by 39.03–20.23 %, respectively. Due to the negative impact of open wounds of the skin of the leg on the immunity of lactating cows, it was found that increasing the number of animals with damaged epithelium as a gateway to infection, provokes an increase in the service period in cows with predominantly white or mottled color to 140.97 and 141.07 days, which is higher by 6.74 and 6.84 days, respectively, compared with red animals (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL MUCOSAL PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF GROUP B VITAMIN IMBALANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Anna Yatsenko ◽  
Lidiya Trankovskaya ◽  
Olga Artyulova
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Group B

Subject. The scientific works of recent years show an increase in the degree of negative impact of vitamin deficiency and vitamin-like substances on the state of health of the population. With the deficiency of most vitamins, synthetic processes and regeneration of oral tissues are reduced, so often the initial signs of hypovitaminosis are stomatitis, gingivitis, glossitis, and therefore, it is dentists who are the first to diagnose deviations in the body associated with vitamin deficiency. This justifies the relevance and practical value of studying and describing clinical cases of manifestations of deficient vitamin conditions in the oral cavity. The object – is to study the effect of B vitamins on the oral mucosa in order to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis of vitamin-deficient conditions of the human body. Methodology. These clinical examples illustrate the management experience of patients with manifestations of deficient vitamin conditions on the oral mucosa. Clinical and laboratory methods of diagnosing the analysed conditions of the organism were applied. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the STATISTICA 10 software (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Results. The deficient condition of the organism in relation to vitamins B2, B6, B12 in patients 18-75 years old has been studied. Characteristic clinical changes on the oral mucosa of the examined patients were established. So, in most patients with vitamin B2 deficiency, the classic Sebrel triad was found: dermatitis, glossitis, cheilitis. In those examined with a lack of vitamin B6, language desquamations (smoothed, polished language) were determined in the 83.6%, often combined with glossodinia. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were characterized by a lesion in the form of Meller-Gunter glossitis in 74.9% of cases, moreover, 67.6% of patients showed paresthesia in the area of tongue and oral mucosa. Conclusions. The study found that the first clinical symptoms of deficient conditions of the presented vitamins of group B were found from the oral cavity. Thus, it is the dentist who is the first to diagnose the pathological states of lack of group B vitamins in the human body, which emphasizes the importance and relevance of continuing to study these states of the body.

The effects of intraruminal infusions of urea on the voluntary intake and milk production of cows receiving grass silage diets

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai-Jun Choung ◽  
David G. Chamberlain ◽  
Phillip C. Thomas ◽  
Ian Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Insulin In Plasma ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Higher Doses

SummaryResponses of dairy cows given silage diets to the intraruminal infusion of urea in progressively increasing doses were studied in four experiments, two with non-lactating cows and two with lactating cows. No clinical symptoms of NH3 toxicity were observed in any of the experiments. When urea was infused continuously, silage intake was depressed (P < 0·05) when the total supply of N exceeded the equivalent of 250g crude protein (CP)/kg DM in the total diet. However, when the urea load was administered twice daily, as opposed to continuously, intake depression (P < 0·05) occurred at the equivalent of 170g CP/kg DM. At the higher doses of urea, concentrations of NH3 in peripheral blood increased and were accompanied by increased concentrations of glucose and reduced levels of insulin in plasma. In general, responses of milk production followed those of silage intake but there was evidence of greater proportional reductions in the yield of lactose relative to that of fat and protein. It is concluded that the voluntary intake of high-protein silages may be depressed by factors associated with high rates of absorption of NH3 from the rumen.

scholarly journals КЛІНІКО–БІОХІМІЧНИЙ СТАТУС ДІЙНИХ КОРІВ ПАФ «НЕФЕДІВСЬКЕ» КАМ’ЯНЕЦЬ–ПОДІЛЬСЬКОГО РАЙОНУ ХМЕЛЬНИЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
О.M. Koltun ◽  
V.I. Rusyn
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

These results of clinical and biochemical status of the herd of dairy cows PAF «Nefedivske» Kamenets–Podolsk district of Khmelnitsky region. The aim was to determine the clinical and biochemical status of the herd of dairy cows and its results to develop measures correcting the violations. Work performed at the PAF «Nefedivske» Kamenets–Podolsk district of Khmelnitsky region. The object of the research were lactating cows, black and white breeds, ages 4 – 6 years and daily milk yield 16 – 18 liters of milk.Survey livestock lactating cows clinically infected animals, which noted the following symptoms: drowsiness animals, reducing distortion and appetite, dullness and disheveled hair cover; delay molting; decrease skin resilience, dry it and thickening; anemic visible mucous membranes; reducing the number of periods and bovine milk production. Serum lactating cows found high content of inorganic phosphorus and iron, and low content of copper and zinc, which constitutes a violation of mineral metabolism. Patient’s hemocytopoesis animals found violations that characterized olihochromemia, decreased hematocrit values and average concentrations of hemoglobin, indicating the development of hypochromic anemia. According to the results of biochemical blood tests in lactating cows installed hipoproteinemia, hipoalbuminemia, and high activity of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, indicating a violation of metabolic processes in the body sick animals. These results indicate the need for the development and management of correcting the violations of metabolism in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Influence of heat stress on reproductive performance in dairy cows and opportunities to reduce its effects – a review

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
T. Penev ◽  
D. Dimov ◽  
N. Vasilev ◽  
J. Mitev ◽  
Tch. Miteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Open Interval ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Genetic Progress

Abstract. The goal of this review is to consider and discuss the scientific literature related to the effect of heat stress (HS) on reproductive performance in dairy cows and opportunities to reduce its effects. The information in literature shows that the HS topic in dairy cows began to be discussed in the 1970s. As genetic progress related to productivity increases, the requirements for cows also increase, including for their reproduction performance. In the present review, a significant array of scientific papers is examined, as a result of which it is established that HS has a multifaceted effect on reproduction in dairy cows. The main role for the negative impact of HS is the effect of high ambient temperature on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. As a result, hormonal changes occur in the body of cows, which affect the behavior of cows in estrus, the development of follicles in the ovaries and the survival of the embryo in the uterus. These changes affect the main elements of cattle breeding such as length of days open interval, conception rate, number of inseminations required for conception. To mitigate the negative impact of HS on cows, methods have been developed for better estrus detection, for microclimate control, as well as for hormonal treatment of cows in order to increase reproductive performance. Although some progress has been made in each of the measures, HS still poses a serious reproductive problem for dairy cows, especially in the countries with warmer climates. This provokes the interest of many scientists around the world who seek to offer a solution/mitigation to this problem.

scholarly journals Wide coverage of the body surface by melanocyte-mediated skin pigmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 449 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Tadokoro ◽  
Yuuki Shikaya ◽  
Yoshiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Evaluation of rectal temperature in diagnosis of puerperal metritis in dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Palenik ◽  
R. Dolezel ◽  
J. Kratochvil ◽  
S. Cech ◽  
J. Zajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Accurate Indicator

The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the body temperature within the interval of 10 days <I>post partum</I> in cows with puerperal metritis, as confirmed by a clinical examination, in comparison with cows without clinical symptoms of this disease. In addition, the body temperature in cows having a purulent and putrid character of lochia was compared. Rectal temperature was measured daily in 92 randomly selected cows. The cows were examined clinically on day 10 ± 3 <I>post partum</I> and were divided according to the character of lochia into Group M1 (purulent lochia, <I>n</I> = 29), Group M2 (putrid lochia, <I>n</I> = 28) and Group C (normal lochia, <I>n</I> = 35). The number of cows with a fever (temperature > 39.0°C or > 39.5°C) at least once during 10 days <I>post partum</I> was higher in Groups M1 and M2 compared to Group C (86.2% and 92.9% vs. 54.3%, <I>P</I> < 0.01 and <I>P</I> < 0.001, or 41.4% and 71.4% vs. 14.3%, <I>P</I> < 0.05 and <I>P</I> < 0.001). In addition, there was a higher number of cows with a temperature > 39.5°C in Group M2 in comparison with Group M1 (<I>P</I> < 0.05). More cows showed consistent temperatures > 39.0°C for three days or > 39.5°C for two days in Group M2 compared to Group C (42.9% vs. 8.6%, <I>P</I> < 0.01 or 25.0% vs. 2.9%, <I>P</I> < 0.05). Average daily temperatures were higher in Group M2 compared to Group C on Days 1, 3, 5 and 7 (<I>P</I>P < 0.05) as well as on Days 2 and 6 (<I>P</I> < 0.01) <I>post partum</I>. The results reveal the following: higher incidence of body temperature > 39.0°C in cows with puerperal metritis; risk period for fever from Day 3 to Day 7 <I>post partum</I>; higher incidence of fever in cows with putrid lochia compared to cows with purulent lochia; body temperature > 39.5°C being a more accurate indicator of puerperal metritis than temperature > 39.0°C. Despite that, the occurrence of fever was irregular. In conclusion, measurement of body temperature does not represent a sufficiently accurate diagnostic method for puerperal metritis although it may be considered a useful indicator for assessment of the severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Feeding Total Mixed Ration (TMR) on Production and Reproductive Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H.W.M. Karunanayaka ◽  
R.T.P. Liyanage ◽  
W.A.D. Nayananjalie ◽  
M.A.A.P. Kumari ◽  
S.C. Somasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Animals

The development of the dairy sector is economically important to many countries of the world. However, the dairy sector has faced many constraints due to the unavailability of quality and quantity of feed resources and their responses on growth, health and reproduction in dairy animals. The total mixed ration (TMR) is an alternate strategy to overcome the feed shortage of lactating cows by utilizing available feed resources effectively and efficiently. This review article elaborates the effects of TMR on the production and reproduction performance of lactating dairy cows. Interestingly, TMR feeding has a significant effect on the body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, milk yield and composition and reproductive performances of lactating dairy cows. Feeding TMR to dairy animals was investigated to provide a balanced diet, reduce feed wastage and save labour cost and time. Hence, feeding TMR as per the animal requirement is more efficient as compared to traditional feeds.

scholarly journals DETEKSI BAKTERI GENUS VIBRIO SEBAGAI CAUSATIVE AGENT PADA IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS VAR. SANGKURIANG) DI KOTA TASIKMALAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Vita Meylani ◽  
Rinaldi Rizal Putra
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Dead Fish ◽  
Brackish Pond

<em>Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus var Sangkuriang) is the main commodity that widely cultivated in Tasikmalaya City. However, farmers have difficulty because of the disease which causes death in fish. High mortality is suspected as a vibriosis disease by genus Vibrio because redness wounds on dead fish. The purpose of this study is to know the genus Vibrio which causes of disease in Sangkuriang catfish. 10 samples of fish were taken from Sangkuriang catfish pond culture in Kelurahan Kersanagara Tasikmalaya City which were potentially suspected of vibriosis disease. Isolation of bacteria were done on TCBS medium. Bacterial isolates were collected from fish lesion on the body surface, liver, and kidneys of catfish. Isolation were able to gained 21 isolates and then 5 isolates (VK1, VK5, VK7, VK17, and VK21) were selected based on colony morphology and Postulates Koch’s were tested. The results showed that the clinical symptoms of catfish infected by vibriosis were redness lesions/ulcers on the body surface, hemorrhagic, fluid inside stomach, and fin eroded with redness wound. Bacterial identification through biochemical test revealed the causative agent of catfish disease at brackish pond area were bacteria of the genus Vibrio (VK 1, VK 5, and VK 7), Vibrio vulnificus (VK 17 and VK 21).</em>

Flagellar Attachment in Selected Trypanosomes

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
J. J. Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flagellar Pocket ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
Free Flagellum ◽  
Flagellar Axoneme

Movement in epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of trypanosomes is accomplished by planar sinusoidal beating of the anteriorly directed flagellum and associated undulating membrane. The flagellum emerges from a bottle-shaped depression, the flagellar pocket, opening on the lateral surface of the cell. The limiting cell membrane envelopes not only the body of the trypanosome but is continuous with and insheathes the flagellar axoneme forming the undulating membrane. In some species a paraxial rod parallels the axoneme from its point of emergence at the flagellar pocket and is an integral component of the undulating membrane. A portion of the flagellum may extend beyond the anterior apex of the cell as a free flagellum; the length is variable in different species of trypanosomes.

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