scholarly journals Biological effectiveness of quillay (Quillaja saponaria) extracts for the control of yellow aphids (Melanaphis sacchari) in sorghum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Almirez Rojas ◽  
Alejandro Palacios-Talavera ◽  
Jorge M. P. Vázquez-Alvarado ◽  
Jesús O. Pérez-González ◽  
Juan C. Bartolo-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Quillaja Saponaria ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Calcium Polysulfide ◽  
Absolute Control

Objective: To evaluate and define a plant extract for the control of the yellow aphid in order to prevent environmental contamination and improve crop profitability. Design/Methodology/Approach: In a sorghum plot —located in the municipality of Jantetelco, Morelos— with a high incidence of yellow aphids, three doses —2-, 4-, and 6-mL L-1 of water of Quillaja saponaria extract, 0.2-mL L-1 of water of Imidacloprid, and 10-mL L-1 of water of calcium polysulfide—, as well as an absolute control, were evaluated. The applications were carried out using a 15-L manual spray backpack, which had been previously calibrated and had a fan nozzle. A randomized block experimental design—with six treatments and four repetitions— was used. The experimental unit was made up of five 5-m long rows with 0.70 m between rows, resulting in a 17.5 m2 total area per experimental unit. The three central furrows were the useful plot, leaving 0.5 m at each end of the furrow. The total size of the experimental plot was 420 m2. Results: The biological effectiveness during the samplings was as follows: both the Quillaja saponaria (6-, 4- and 2-mL L-1 water doses) and Imidacloprid treatments had a 100% effectiveness. Study limitations/implications: This study was carried out in sorghum crops. Findings/conclusions: Treatments based on Quillaja saponaria extracts on M. sacchari in sorghum crops showed 100% biological effectiveness from the first application and no phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment

scholarly journals Biological, botanical and chemical alternatives for the control of blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 8169-8176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Darío Hincapié Echeverri ◽  
Alegría Saldarriaga Cardona ◽  
Cipriano Díaz Diez
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Absolute Control

In order to control the main diseases that affect blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth.), a research in which 12 treatments to San Antonio ecotype plants originated in vitro was conducted. These treatments were: 1: Trichoderma harzianum+richoderma koningii (Tropical Fungus), 2: Trichoderma sp. (Bioprotection), 3: Trichoderma koningiopsis (Th003 Trichoderma), 4: Trichoderma asperellum (Th034 Trichoderma), 5: Trichoderma asperellum (T-30 Trichoderma), 6: Trichoderma asperellum (T-98 Trichoderma), 7:Burkholderia cepacia (Botrycid), 8: extract of Swinglea glutinosa (Ecoswin), 9: traditional farming treatments (Mancozeb, Propamocarb), 10: chemical products applications (Mancozeb, Mandipropamida, Carbendazim, Propamocar and Metalaxil+Mancozeb) alternated according to the impact of the disease, 11: chemical products applications alternated with organic products according to the suppliers recommendations and presence of the diseases, 12: absolute control, no treatment was applied to the plants. The applications were carried out every 15 days, each plant was an experimental unit and each treatment was made of five experimental units. 12 treatments were made through a RCBD (randomized complete block design) with three repetitions for a total of 15 experimental units per treatment. The assessments were performed every 8 days, and the variables were: number of healthy and sick fruits/treatment, costs/treatment and gross profit. A variance analysis and a Tukey test 5% were made. The best treatments were T11 (rotation of chemicals with biological products), T10 (rotation of chemical products according to the impact of the disease) and T3 (T. koningiopsis); considering the obtained performance/treatment, treatment cost and profit.

scholarly journals Experimental planning for conducting experiments with cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Alessandro Dal’Col Lúcio ◽  
Darlei M Lambrecht ◽  
Bruno G Sari ◽  
Dionatan K Krysczun ◽  
Cassiane Ubessi
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Variability ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Fruit Diameter

ABSTRACT In order to be considered highly reliable (showing very accurate results), an experiment needs to be very well planned. Defining the experimental plot size and number of replicates is fundamental to control the experimental error at the beginning of the experiment. The aim of this study was to estimate the plot size and the number of replicates sufficient to perform experiments with Cucumis sativus. A uniformity trial was installed in the first week of January 2017. The spacing used was 0.3 m between plants and 1 m between rows, resulting in 12 plants in each of the 12 cultivation rows and each basic experimental unit was composed of one plant. The variables observed in 18 harvests were average fruit mass (MMF, in g), average fruit length (CMF, in cm) and average fruit diameter (DMF, in cm). The harvests were analyzed individually and grouped to reduce experimental variability. The number of replicates and the plot size were estimated using the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation. The plot size and the number of replicates were influenced by the variability in the rows and between the harvests. We recommend plots consisting of four plants per cultivation row with six replicates for the minimum significant difference by Tukey’s test, expressed in 25% the means percentage.

scholarly journals Quality of Broilers Fed Diets Containing Dry Distillery Grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Jean Kaique Valentim ◽  
Heder José D'Ávila Lima ◽  
Tatiana Marques Bittencourt ◽  
Jonatan Mikhail Del Solar Velarde ◽  
Luciana Kimie Savay Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Broiler Meat Quality

The present study aimed to evaluate carcass, cut yields and gastrointestinal tract biometry, the meat quality and body lesions of broiler chicken fed with four levels of corn distillers dried grain with soluble in experimental diets. A total of 700 day-old mixed flock Cobb 500 broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, seven replicates by treatment with 20 birds each. The experimental diets were controlled with crescent inclusion levels of DDGS (4, 8, 12 and 16 %). At 35 days of age 2 broilers from each lot was selected, weighted and identified with medium weight from the experimental unit for slaughtering and evaluation of cuts yield, carcass and gastrointestinal biometry. To evaluate hock lesions and broiler meat quality. Quadratic effect was observed in reference to the weight of the carcass and chest can be included the levels up to 11.29 percent and 6.16 percent respectively. For the other variables of income of casting, edible organs and not edible and there was no significant effect on gastrointestinal biometrics, only for the total size of the gastrointestinal tract there was quadratic effect being the level of 4.25% indicated for increased size of the organs. For all welfare and meat quality variables evaluated, there was no difference between the DDGS levels used in broiler diets and control diet. These findings means that the addition of up to 16 % DDGS in diets can be an alternative to feed chicken without inducing body lesions neither altering broiler meat quality.

Fosfitos de potasio en el manejo de Peronospora sparsa Berkeley y calidad floral del cultivo de rosa cv. Samouraï ®

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rómulo García-Velasco ◽  
Martha Elena Mora-Herrera ◽  
Jaime Mejía-Carranza ◽  
Sotero Aguilar-Medel ◽  
Mauricio González-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Potassium Phosphite ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Absolute Control

Peronospora sparsa Berkeley limits the production of rose as a cut flower up to 100%. In some crops, potassium phosphites are used as a sustainable alternative for the control of oomycetes. The objectives were to evaluate the biological effectivity of commercial formulations of potassium phosphite for the management of P. sparsa, and to calculate their effect on the quality of rosa cv. Samouraï® stems and flower buds. A randomized complete block design with five treatments and an absolute control with six repetitions were used for two consecutive years. The following aspects were evaluated: incidence, disease severity, biological effectiveness, and floral quality through the length and diameter of flower stems and buds. The potassium phosphites evaluated reduced incidence to 81.7% and severity from 71.7 to 97.0%, which led to a biological effectiveness of 96.9% with FosfiMax 40-20®. The Defense Ax ® treatment increased the length and diameter of the button compared to the other treatments.

scholarly journals Potential of transmission of Pyricularia graminis-tritici from plant to seed and from seed to seedling in wheat genotypes with different degrees of blast resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delineide Pereira Gomes ◽  
Valterley Soares Rocha ◽  
João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho Rocha ◽  
Olinto Liparini Pereira ◽  
Moacil Alves de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
Fungal Suspension

Abstract: Transmission studies of Pyricularia graminis-tritici by wheat seed can help establishing pathogen tolerance standards in crops. Four genotypes, each one with different responses to blast, were inoculated with five volumes of fungal suspension (1,5x105 spores.mL-1), in order to obtain 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% of plants inoculated in the experimental unit. The potential of transmission of P. graminis-tritici from plant to seed was evaluated by the incidence of the fungus in the seeds produced. Under controlled conditions, the transmission rate of the fungus from seed to seedling was evaluated. Blast incidence in field allowed a high incidence of P. graminis-tritici in the seeds, especially in the genotypes considered susceptible. The transmission of fungus from the seeds to seedlings occurred 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, at low rates. There was a relationship between the presence of blast in field and the incidence of P. graminis-tritici in seeds produced by the genotypes BRS 264, VI 98053, CD 116 and CD 104. Inoculation of 5, 10, 20 and 30% of plants with fungus can generate a high incidence of the pathogen in field and in the seeds produced, but it doesn`t guarantee a high transmission rate from seed to seedling, which is low under controlled conditions.

Playing safe games – thematic analysis of victims’ perspectives on gendered bullying in academia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Arathi Krishna ◽  
Devi Soumyaja
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Women Faculty ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Academic Bullying ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Academic Sector

Purpose High incidence of workplace bullying in Indian organizations is well-acknowledged, but less is known about the games that bullies play to create a favorable atmosphere for bullying in academic institutions. This study aims to reveal the “safe game” tactics that the bullies use to chase targets like a predator chases his prey. Design/methodology/approach The study explores various manifestations of academic bullying by analyzing the victimization experiences of women faculty in academic institutions. The data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and informal discussions to explore the victimization episodes in detail. Findings The analysis indicates a set of common manifestations framed by bullies in academia to create a favorable environment for bullying. These manifestations often play out in a sequence. Initially, the targets are overloaded with work to portray the victims as incapable and less competent. Then, the bullies lodge many formal complaints with the help of their supporters. Finally, they create an environment of silence by threatening them for their responses against bullying. Originality/value This paper is supported by previous research in this area and progresses by exploring the experiences of the victims in academics to find a common sequence in the mistreatment they suffer. The study concludes by showing unexplored areas in research on workplace bullying in the academic sector and provides a foundation for further research.

scholarly journals Economic impact of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) ON Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, and its management in the southwestern of Puebla, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Serratos Tejeda ◽  
Juan Morales Jiménez ◽  
Arturo Huerta de la Peña ◽  
José Hilario Hernández Salgado ◽  
Juan Antonio Villanueva Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Application Index

Objective: To evaluate the economic impact of sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sacchari)and the sorghum crop profitability in Western Puebla, Mexico, considering themanagement practices application-index (IAPM), related to the control practicessuggested by the State Plant Health Committee (CESAVEG).Design/Methodology/Approach: Data on socioeconomic aspects of the producer andthe production units were collected. The questionnaire was applied to producersaffiliated to PROAGRO. Results are shown using descriptive statistics.Results: The aphid infestation in sorghum had its most relevant effect on yield during2014-2016. Income obtained from sorghum sales is decreasing due to a downwardtrend in the purchase price per ton. After the arrival of M. sacchari the primary controlstrategy was to increase the number of insecticide applications, increasing productioncosts.Limitations of the study/implications: Since producers; incomes do not depend solely on sorghum production, the effect of the pest on their economy was relatively minor. Findings/Conclusions: The management practices application index indicates amoderate use of the recommended practices to manage this pest. The B/C ratiosuggests that even after the establishment of M. sacchari, sorghum is still a profitableactivity.

scholarly journals Suspension of irrigation during the maturation phase of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mepivoseth Castelán-Estrada ◽  
Sergio Salgado-García ◽  
Jesús M. Méndez-Adorno ◽  
Luz C. Lagunes-Espinoza ◽  
Samuel Córdova-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Plot Design

Objective: To evaluate if there is an increase in the concentration of sugars in sugarcane grinding stalks as a result of controlled water stress. Design/Methodology/Approach: An experimental plot on cultivar MEX 69-290 was established in 2nd ratoon cycle, on a mollic Gleysol soil in the supply area of ​the​ Pujiltic sugar mill. Five treatments in irrigation suspension were established: T1 = 15 days; T2 = 30 days; T3 = 45 days; T4 = 60 days, and T5 = 75 days of suspension. The treatments were distributed in the field in a gradient plot design, following the slope of the land, with four repetitions within each irrigation strip. Results: The results show that suspending irrigation between 45 and 60 days before harvest increases the quality of the juices as well as the yields of the grinding stalks. In addition, natural precipitation plus irrigation water do not satisfy the water needs of the crop in the area under the scheme followed by the farmers. Study Limitations/Implications: Irrigation rotation. Findings/Conclusions: The authors recommend providing the necessary amount of auxiliary irrigation to satisfy the water demand of the crop during the growth cycle but suspending irrigation at the beginning of the ripening and maturity stage.

Left to their fate: rights of minority equity holders in Ghanaian firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otuo Serebour Agyemang ◽  
Emmanuel Aboagye ◽  
Joyce Frimpong
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Control Rights ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Corporate Information

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the rights of shareholders, particularly those of minority shareholders in the management of firms in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – As a result of the largely unexplored nature of this issue in Ghana, a qualitative analysis was conducted to offer a painstaking understanding needed. The case study design is in particular relevant for exploring such phenomenon, as it evolves through the experiences of several key players. Findings – Data indicate that minority shareholders’ influence is, in most cases, nil in every aspect of their firms. Whilst majority shareholders have an absolute right to appoint or influence the appointment of top officials of the firms, minority shareholders’ role in the selection is limited. In addition, in regards to control of corporate decision-making processes, unlike the majority shareholders, the minority shareholders do not have any influence on them. Further, in terms of relevant information, whilst the majority shareholders have absolute access to them anytime they desire, the minority shareholders only rely on annual general meetings to get hold of them, thus limiting their access to corporate information. The revelations unambiguously grant the majority shareholders of the firms absolute control rights whilst undermining the rights of the minority shareholders. This paper was concluded by itemizing the implications of our findings for management, regulators and governments. Originality/value – It is believed that this is among the handful of studies that have been conducted using developing or emergent economy data to empirically analyse how minority shareholders wield their rights in emergent economies and to add to the mounting pool of scattered cross-country evidence.

The observation of defects on (100) CdTe surfaces by chemical etching

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1424-1425
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Crystalline Perfection ◽  
Crystalline Defects ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Crystallographic Defects ◽  
Cdznte Substrates ◽  
Device Technology

The crystalline perfection of bulk CdTe substrates plays an important role in their use in infrared device technology. The application of chemical etchants to determine crystal polarity or the density and distribution of crystallographic defects in (100) CdTe is not well understood. The lack of data on (100) CdTe surfaces is a result of the apparent difficulty in growing (100) CdTe single crystal substrates which is caused by a high incidence of twinning. Many etchants have been reported to predict polarity on one or both (111) CdTe planes but are considered to be unsuitable as defect etchants. An etchant reported recently has been considered to be a true defect etchant for CdTe, MCT and CdZnTe substrates. This etchant has been reported to reveal crystalline defects such as dislocations, grain boundaries and inclusions in (110) and (111) CdTe. In this study the effect of this new etchant on (100) CdTe surfaces is investigated.The single crystals used in this study were (100) CdTe as-cut slices (1mm thickness) from Bridgman-grown ingots.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document