scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of ALDH2 in Indonesia’s Minang ethnic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Abdul Halim Sadikin ◽  
Irene Dian ◽  
Mukharjon Mukharjon ◽  
Rini Puspitaningtum ◽  
Septelia Inawati Wanandi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Oxidation ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Ethanol Sensitivity ◽  
Facial Flushing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Toxic Product ◽  
Ecori Restriction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Aldh2 Gene

Background: In some people, acetaldehyde, a toxic product from ethanol oxidation, cannot be oxidized to acetate. The excess of acetaldehyde could cause facial flushing, dizziness, and hypertension when they consume ethanol. This ethanol sensitivity is caused by a deficiency of ALDH2. Objective: This study aims to analyze and count the polymorphism frequency of the ALDH2 gene in Indonesia’s Minang ethnic. Methods: DNA samples were taken randomly from hair bulbous of 60 subjects (male and female, 3rd generation). A nested polymerase chain reaction was conducted to amplify the ALDH2 in the samples. Afterward, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was conducted to the amplicons using the EcoRI restriction enzyme. The measured parameters were the distribution of the wildtype, atypical homozygote, and heterozygote. Results: Results showed that out of 60 subjects, 53.33% have an atypical homozygote gene (subjects prone to hypersensitive to alcohol), 28.33% have a heterozygote gene, and 18.33% have a wildtype gene. The frequency of the atypical alleles in Minang ethnic is 0.675. Conclusion: The atypical ALDH2 allele was much higher than the normal ALDH2 allele, in which most participants have atypical homozygote ALDH2, suggesting the samples are sensitive to alcohol.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Cryptosporidium species in children suffering from diarrhea in Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1546
Author(s):  
Samira Metwally Mohammad ◽  
Magda Saad Ali ◽  
Sara Ahmed Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Raghda Abdelrahman Moustafa ◽  
Mohamed Hassan Sarhan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Introduction: The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is one of the principal reasons for childhood diarrhea around the world. This work aimed to differentiate Cryptosporidium species among children suffering from diarrhea in Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt. Methodology: A total of 97 fecal specimens were taken from children suffering from diarrhea, attending Pediatric Clinics of Zagazig University and Al-Ahrar Hospitals. Full history was taken. Stool samples were examined microscopically using modified Ziehl–Neelsen stain for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts. To identify Cryptosporidium genotypes, positive samples were then subjected to nested Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism targeting Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene. Results: The overall detection rate was 27.8% (27/97) using modified Ziehl–Neelsen stain staining method. Using nested polymerase chain reaction, the gene was amplified in 85.2% (23/27). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that 65.2% (15/23) were Cryptosporidium hominis, 30.4% (7/23) were Cryptosporidium parvum, and one sample was not typed (4.4%). The significant risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in children were animal contact and residence in rural areas. Conclusions: Cryptosporidium is a common enteric parasite affecting children in Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt, with the predominance of C. hominis genotype in children.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Candidatus Phytoplasma spp. associated with Sophora yellow stunt in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touhid Allahverdi ◽  
Heshmatollah Rahimian ◽  
Mina Rastgou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sophora Alopecuroides ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
West Azerbaijan

Abstract In the spring of 2012, sophora (Sophora alopecuroides L.) plants showing symptoms of leaf yellowing, little leaves and stunting were observed in Firooz-kuh (Tehran province), Sari (Mazandaran province) and Urmia (West Azerbaijan province) in Iran. Symptomatic plants from the three locations were subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify 16SrRNA using primer pair P1/P7 followed by primer pair R16F2n/R16R2. The amplicons were purified, sequenced and the nucleotide sequences were analyzed by virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The phytoplasmas associated with the yellows disease were identified as members of the 16SrIX group (Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium) and the 16SrXII group (Candidatus Phytoplasma solani). The two phytoplasmas were placed in 16SrIX-C and 16SrXII-A subgroups, respectively, in constructed phylogenetic trees. This is the first report on sophora yellows associated with Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Phytoplasma Associated with Frogskin Disease in Cassava

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Alvarez ◽  
Juan F. Mejía ◽  
Germán A. Llano ◽  
John B. Loke ◽  
Alberto Calari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
South American ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Cassava frogskin disease (CFSD) is an economically important root disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Colombia and other South American countries, including Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Costa Rica, and Panama. The roots of severely affected plants are thin, making them unsuitable for consumption. In Colombia, phytoplasma infections were confirmed in 35 of 39 genotypes exhibiting mild or severe CFSD symptoms either by direct or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays employing ribosomal (r)RNA operon primer pairs. The CFSD-associated phytoplasmas were identified as group 16SrIII strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analyses of amplified rDNA products, and results were corroborated by PCRs employing group 16SrIII-specific rRNA gene or ribosomal protein (rp) gene primers. Collectively, RFLP analyses indicated that CFSD strains differed from all phytoplasmas described previously in group 16SrIII and, on this basis, the strains were tentatively assigned to new ribosomal and ribosomal protein subgroups 16SrIII-L and rpIII-H, respectively. This is the first molecular identification of a phytoplasma associated with CFSD in cassava in Colombia.

Phytoplasmas Associated with Grapevine Yellows Disease in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gajardo ◽  
N. Fiore ◽  
S. Prodan ◽  
S. Paltrinieri ◽  
S. Botti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Rflp Profile ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

An extensive survey was performed from 2002 to 2006 to detect and identify phytoplasmas associated with Chilean grapevines. Nested polymerase chain reaction assays using phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R2 detected phytoplasmas in 34 out of the 94 samples tested (36%). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses, cloning, and sequencing allowed identification of phytoplasmas belonging to ribosomal subgroups 16SrI-B, 16SrI-C, 16SrVII-A, and 16SrXII-A. The 16SrVII-A phytoplasma represents a new finding in grapevine; moreover, variability of the RFLP profile was observed in some of the 16SrXII-A phytoplasmas, indicating possible new ribosomal subgroups. Mixed phytoplasma infections and infections of phytoplasmas together with one or more viruses also occurred.

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