scholarly journals Similarity between corn hybrids using sanitary and physiological seed parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz da Paz-Lima ◽  
Rafaela Souza Alves Fonseca ◽  
Cleberly Evangelista dos Santos ◽  
Filipe Beserra da Silva ◽  
Nathan Rosa Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

One of the elements capable of explaining the epidemics of diseases in the fields of corn production is the amount of initial inoculum present in seeds. The objective of this paper was to study the health and physiological quality of maize hybrids grown in the 2019 crop. The experiment was carried out using 22 hybrids represented by: 13K21PW Morgan©, 14K185PW Morgan©, 230 PRO 3 DKB©, 290 PRO 3 DKB© , 3040 VIP3 LG©, 3055 VIP3 LG©, 30F35 Pioneer ©, 310 PRO 3 DKB©, 345 PRO 3 DKB©, 8882 Coded DKB, CBS15C385PW Morgan©, CBS15D089PW Morgan©, CBS15SE137PW Morgan©, Coded x40K205 (3898) Pioneer, K9606 VIP3 KWS©, MG580PW Morgan©, MG652PW Morgan©, SH 7930 PRO 2 Sta Helena©, SH 7990 PRO 2 Sta Helena©, SX5885 VIP3 Syngenta©, SX71715 VIP3 Syngenta© and SX8934 VIP3 Syngenta© that were grown in the municipality of Ipameri, GO. Analyzed the percentage of primary root emission (ERP),% of shoot emission (EPA),% of microorganism incidence, % of fungus genera (% GF). Sixteen fungi were detected representing the microflora detected in the seeds of the evaluated hybrids recognized as Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium verticillioides, Gliomastix sp., Cladosporium sp., Gliocladium sp., Bacillus sp., Geotrichum sp. , Trichoderma sp., Mucor sp., Stenocarpela maydis, Pythium sp., Chaetomium sp., Sporotrix sp. and Scopulariopsis sp. The multivariate analysis jointed the cultivars with highest physiological activity represented by SX 8934 Vip3 SYN®, SX 71715 Vip 3®, 3040 Vip3 LG®, SHS 7990 PRO2, SX 5885 Vip3, MG 652 PW®, K9606 Vip3®, DKB 345 PRO3. The lowest incidence of microorganism was in hybrids DKB 345 PRO3 and 8882 cod.

scholarly journals Priming and drying on the physiological quality of eggplant seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delineide P Gomes ◽  
Alexandre F da Silva ◽  
Denise Cunha FS Dias ◽  
Eveline M Alvarenga ◽  
Laércio J da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Three Sheets ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Primary Root Length

We evaluated the effect of the priming with polyethyleneglicol (PEG) 6000 followed or not of drying on two lots of eggplant seeds with medium and low vigor respectively. The seeds were submitted to the treatments of priming with PEG 6000 in the osmotic potentials of -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa during 48 or 96 hours of priming with and without subsequent drying. For the soaking of seeds in osmotic solutions, these were placed over three sheets of paper boxes such germitest gerbox conditioning moistened with each solution in a 3:1 ratio. The control group was represented by unprimed seeds. The priming for both lots provided higher values in relation to the vigor through the first counting of germination, seedlings and primary root length, germination and emergence rates, emergence and dry weight of seedlings when compared to the non-primed seeds. These results were not verified for germination; significant differences practically were not observed in relation to the controls. Improvements in relation to the vigour were not higher on lot 2 than those obtained on lot 1. The priming with PEG 6000 with subsequent drying increased the vigor of eggplant seeds of the cultivar Morro Grande in relation to those non-primed, however, without differences in the germination.

scholarly journals Assessing the physiological quality of common bean seeds using the Vigor-S® system and its relation to the accelerated aging test

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dantas de Medeiros ◽  
Laércio Junio da Silva ◽  
Nayara Pereira Capobiango ◽  
Camila Andrade Fialho ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Physiological Quality

Abstract: Automated analysis of seed vigor stands out by allowing greater accuracy, standardization, objectivity, and speed in evaluation of the physiological potential of seed lots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Vigor-S® system in assessing the physiological quality of common bean seeds compared to the information provided by the traditional vigor tests recommended for this species. Four genotypes of common bean were used, each one represented by four seed lots. Characterization of the physiological potential of the lots was carried out by the following tests: germination, first count of germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging, and electrical conductivity. The results of these tests were compared with the data obtained from the image analysis technique, specifically the Vigor-S® system, which was used to evaluate seedling growth at two, three, and four days after the beginning of the germination test. Shoot length, primary root length, and seedling length were measured, as well as the growth index, uniformity index, and vigor index were calculated. Computerized analysis of seedling images using the Vigor-S® software is a reliable alternative for evaluation the physiological potential of bean seeds, and it produces information similar to evaluations traditionally used for that purpose.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of bean seeds after application of desiccant herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Brustolini Rosado ◽  
Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira ◽  
Nayara Pereira Capobiango ◽  
Renata Pereira Lopes Moreira ◽  
Francisco Cláudio Lopes Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT: The application of desiccant herbicides in the bean crop is fundamental in the production of quality seeds, since it anticipates the harvesting season, which makes it possible to obtain seeds in the period of physiological maturation, when they are reported with maximum accumulation of dry matter, high vigor levels and germination percentage. However, there is little information about the ideal application time of these products to obtain beans of high physiological quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of bean seeds after application of desiccant herbicides at different times in preharvest. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2x3+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. Desiccant herbicides paraquat (400g ha-1) and paraquat + diuron (200 + 400g ha-1) were applied in three phenological stages (R8, R8/R9 and R9), plus one control (without herbicide application). Yield (Kg ha-1), mass of one thousand seeds (g), germination (%) and seed vigor were evaluated through tests of accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and primary root length. Application of paraquat molecule at the R8 stage and the paraquat + diuron mixture at the R8/R9 stage reduced the viability and vigor of the bean seeds, and compromised yield. Applications of the paraquat herbicide at the R8/R9 and R9 stages or of the mixture (paraquat + diuron) at the R9 stage preserved the physiological quality of the seeds without;however, affecting yield.

scholarly journals Fungos associados às sementes (Cariopses) de cana-de-açúcar: métodos para detecção, incidência e relação entre incidência fúngica e ambiente de produção das sementes

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Dias Martins ◽  
José Otavio Machado Menten ◽  
Álvaro Sanguino
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Phoma Herbarum ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: determinar o método mais adequado para detecção e identificação de fungos associados às sementes (cariopses) de cana-de-açúcar; caracterizar os fungos associados; verificar as incidências nessas sementes e relacionar a incidência fúngica nessas sementes com o ambiente onde foram produzidas. Para detecção do método mais adequado, foram comparados dois substratos, em placas de Petri: agar-água com papel quadriculado e papel de filtro. Utilizaram-se placas de Petri de plástico e de vidro do tipo pirex, para verificar a influência do recipiente. Também foram comparados dois regimes de luz (12 h luz branca fluorescente/12 h escuro e escuro contínuo). As sementes foram mantidas durante sete dias sob temperatura constante de 28 2ºC, quando se procedeu à avaliação. Os requisitos para comparação dos métodos foram sensibilidade, economicidade e praticidade. A partir do método determinado como o mais adequado, foi realizada análise sanitária de 29 cruzamentos dos anos de 2002, 2003 e 2004, caracterizando os fungos associados e verificando as incidências. Posteriormente, compararam-se estas incidências com as condições ambientes, de temperatura e umidade relativa, em que as sementes foram produzidas no programa de melhoramento genético. O método considerado mais adequado, de acordo com os parâmetros analisados, foi o do papel de filtro em placa de Petri de plástico e incubação sob regime de luz (12 h luz branca fluorescente/12 h escuro). Os fungos detectados foram: Alternaria alternata; Aspergillus sp.; Bipolaris sacchari; três grupos morfológicos distintos pertencentes ao gênero Bipolaris; dois grupos morfológicos de Cladosporium; Colletotrichum sp.; três grupos morfológicos de Curvularia; Epicoccum sp.; Fusarium verticillioides; Fusarium semitectum; Leptosphaerulina sp.; Nigrospora sp.; Penicillium sp.; Periconia sp.; Phoma herbarum; Rhizopus sp. e Trichoderma sp. Os mais freqüentemente encontrados foram: Bipolaris sacchari; Bipolaris spp.; Cladosporium spp.; Curvularia spp.; Fusarium verticillioides; Fusarium semitectum e Phoma herbarum. Quando se comparou a porcentagem de incidência dos diversos fungos com o ambiente de produção das sementes, observou-se que não houve relação de temperatura e umidade relativa com incidência fúngica. Supõe-se que as variações de incidência possam estar relacionadas com diferentes fontes de inóculo nos locais de cruzamento ou características genéticas das sementes.

scholarly journals QUALIDADE FÍSICA E FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE MILHO (Zea mays L.) APÓS ARMAZENAMENTO

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
GICELLY DA SILVA MAIA ◽  
WALDENICE LEITE PINHEIRO ◽  
FRANCINETE DE ALMEIDA E ALMEIDA ◽  
JOSÉ RENAN DA SILVA E SILVA ◽  
MAGNUN ANTONIO PENARIOL DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Germination Vigor

QUALIDADE FÍSICA E FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE MILHO (Zea mays L.) APÓS ARMAZENAMENTO   GICELLY DA SILVA MAIA¹, WALDENICE LEITE PINHEIRO², FRANCINETE DE ALMEIDA E ALMEIDA³, JOSÉ RENAN DA SILVA E SILVA4, MAGNUN ANTONIO PENARIOL DA SILVA5                                                1 Graduanda em Engenharia Agrícola - UFRA, PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, CEP 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil. [email protected]  2 Graduanda em Engenharia Agrícola - UFRA, PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, CEP 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil. [email protected] 3 Graduanda em Engenharia Agrícola - UFRA, PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, CEP 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil. [email protected] 4 Graduando em Engenharia Agrícola - UFRA, PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, CEP 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil. [email protected] 5 Orientador. Professor Adjunto C da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus de Tomé-Açu, PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, CEP 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil. [email protected]   RESUMO: A cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) possui grande importância para a economia mundial e sementes com alto potencial fisiológico são premissas para um bom desempenho produtivo agrícola. Os sistemas de armazenamento objetivam manter a viabilidade das sementes, controlando fatores como umidade e temperatura, principais causas de deterioração. Logo, avaliar o vigor de sementes e seu potencial germinativo, visando como se estabelecerão em campo, é essencial para o controle da qualidade. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar o potencial germinativo e vigor de sementes de quatro híbridos de milho, armazenados em embalagens de papel multifoliado, a partir dos testes de germinação e frio. Foram também avaliados o teor de água, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e comprimento de plântulas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições, os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). O híbrido X2 safra 18/18 com vencimento em junho de 2019, apresentou potencial próximo ao indicado pelo fabricante, os demais não alcançaram o percentual mínimo de germinação apontado pelo fabricante. O armazenamento inadequado das embalagens após abertas podem ter reduzido sua eficácia na conservação das sementes, resultando na redução do potencial fisiológico das sementes de milho.   Palavras-chave: embalagens, germinação, vigor.   PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CORN SEEDS (Zea mays L.) AFTER STORAGE   ABSTRACT: The culture of corn (Zea mays L.) has a great importance for worldwide economy and seed with high physiological potential is a premise for good agricultural performance. The storage systems aim to maintain the viability of the seeds, controlling factors such as humidity and temperature, the main causes of deterioration. Therefore, evaluate the vigor of seeds and their germinative potential, aiming at how they will be established in the field is essential for quality control. The present work sought to evaluate the germinative potential and vigor of seeds of four corn hybrids stored in multifoliate paper, based on germination and cold tests. Also applied were: water content, germination speed index, average germination time and seedling length. The randomized design was used, with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions, the results were submitted to Tukey test (p < 0,05). The hybrid X2 crop 18/18, maturing in June 2019, show the next potential indicated by the manufacturer, the rest not achieved or the minimum percentage of germination indicated by the manufacturer. Reduced storage of packages, after opening, can reduce physiological potential of corn seeds.   Keywords: packaging, germination, vigor.

scholarly journals Physiological and Sanitary Quality in Cowpea Seeds Produced in Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Ronimeire T. da Silva ◽  
Maria de F. Q. Lopes ◽  
Francisco H. A. de Andrade ◽  
Riselane de L. A. Bruno ◽  
Otília R. de Fárias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The importance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) to the Northeast region of Brazil is undeniable, it is a major crop in local family agriculture. As a result, the research aimed to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of local varieties of cowpea coming from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Pathology and Seed Analysis Laboratory, in Federal University of Para&iacute;ba, Campus II, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil. Six cowpea varieties (Baeta, Coruja, Sempre Verde, Epace 10, Feij&atilde;o da Bahia and Pingo de Ouro) from rural Area of the municipality of Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.were evaluated&nbsp; Seed physiological quality was evaluated by determining the first germination count (FGC), germination percentage (G%), seedling length (SL) and electrical conductivity (EC). The sanitary quality of the seeds was evaluated by the method of incubation in filter paper (blotter test). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replicates. The Pingo de Ouro, Sempre Verde and Coruja varieties had germination percentages greater than the minimum standards required for commercialization, while the lower germination percentage and vigor of the Feij&atilde;o da Bahia, Epace 10 and Baeta varieties may be associated with the presence of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.

scholarly journals Efficiency of application of Trichoderma on the physiological quality and health of cowpea seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higor Barbosa Reis ◽  
Artenisa Cerqueira Rodrigues ◽  
Aloisio Freitas Chagas Junior ◽  
Aurenivia Bonifacio ◽  
Gil Rodrigues Santos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
High Degree

One of the main causes of low productivity of cowpea crops in Brazil is the use of low quality seeds. Low quality seeds have a high degree of infestation by phytopathogens, mainly fungi. Seed treatment with biological control agents, such as fungi of the genus Trichoderma, is a useful alternative to reduce or inhibit the transmission of diseases via seeds. In view of the above, this study aims to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of cowpea seeds treated with conidia of Trichoderma sp. (1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 x 108 CFU g-1). We evaluated the germination and the sanity of seeds, length of seedling radicles, and production of indole acetic acid (IAA) by fungi. The experimental design was completely randomized in all experiments. In general, there was a predominance of Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. The treatment of seeds with the conidia of Trichoderma sp. was positive for the parameters related to germination and radicle length of cowpea beans up to the concentration 4.8 x 108 CFU g-1. We conclude that the application of Trichoderma sp. was efficient in reducing the incidence of Fusarium spp., and promoted the germination and elongation of the radicle in cowpea.

scholarly journals Sanitary and physiological quality of ‘purple’ corn (Zea mays L.) seeds submitted to thermotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Vieira ◽  
João Victor da Silva Martins ◽  
Gabriel Ginane Barreto ◽  
Rommel dos Santos Siqueira Gomes ◽  
Edcarlos Camilo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Purple Corn ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Good Productivity

ABSTRACT: The use of seeds with good sanitary and physiological potential ensures the establishment of the crop, with a uniform, vigorous and disease-free seedling stand, which will result in good productivity levels. Seen that, the objective was to evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality of purple corn seeds (Zea mays L.) submitted to thermotherapy. They were subjected to heat treatment with immersion in sterile distilled water (SDW) heated at 50, 60 and 70 °C for 1, 2, and 3 minutes. The control (0 min) correspondens only to immersing the seeds in SDW, which were submitted to sanitary and germination tests in a completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial arrangement 3 × 3 + 1 (exposure time × temperature + additional control). Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared with the Scott-Knott test up to 5% of probability, with the aid of the statistical program SISVAR®. Immersing Zea mays seeds in hot water at 50, 60 and 70 °C for 1, 2, and 3 minutes is efficient to prevent the increased incidence of Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp. The heat treatment at 60 °C for 1 and 2 minutes of immersion reduces the incidence of fungal mycoflora without impairing the physiological quality of seeds.

scholarly journals Sanitary and Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds Treated With Ozone

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor O. Rodrigues ◽  
Amanda C. Penido ◽  
Diego de S. Pereira ◽  
Ariadne M. S. Oliveira ◽  
Alan Eduardo S. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Widely used, the seeds chemical treatment can cause physiological quality loss due to phytotoxicity that the active principles may cause. In this context, the ozone gas stands out (O3) as efficient agent biocide, however its use in the pathogens control and their effects on the seeds physiological quality are still little studied. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the ozone gas efficiency as a controller agent of plant pathogens and its effect on the physiological quality of soybean seeds. For this, seeds of two soybean cultivars were treated with ozone gas in two concentrations (15 and 25 g/m&sup3;) and in five exposure times (0, 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes). After the treatments, the seeds quality was evaluated by tests of sanity, tetrazolium, first germination count, germination percentage, initial stand, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging and enzymatic activity. Six pathogens were found in seeds of soybeans evaluated, namely: Phomopsis sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Cercospora kikuchi and Alternaria sp. It was concluded that the sanitary treatment with ozone gas reduces the incidence of these fungi and does not compromise the physiological quality of soybean seeds.

scholarly journals Physiological and sanitary quality of organic tomato seeds treated with clove basil extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fontes Araujo ◽  
Aldo Luiz Mauri ◽  
Roberto Fontes Araujo ◽  
Hugo Tiago Ribeiro Amaro ◽  
Derly José Henriques da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The seed treatment provides disease control before the crop installation, minimizing the pathogens control cost. However, there are few seed treatment alternatives to organic farming. In this sense, the objective of the study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of organic tomato seeds treated with clove basil extract. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with a 2x5 factorial (extract concentrations x imbibition periods) for each seed lot. Six lots of tomato seeds produced under organic cultivation were used. The samples of the lots were stored in glass pots in a cold room at 16 ºC and 80% of relative humidity for 12 months. Seeds were treated with clove basil extract at concentrations of 5 and 10% for 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 minutes. The seeds physiological and health quality were evaluated by the following tests: moisture content, germination, first count of germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index and seed health. In general, the wild basil extract does not affect the physiological quality of tomato seeds. There were inhibitory and antifungal activity of Aspergillus sp. using basil extract, significantly reducing their impact on the seeds, for all evaluated factors. It was concluded that the clove basil extract inhibit the Aspergillus sp. incidence in organic tomato seeds, maintaining its physiological quality.

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