scholarly journals Comprehensive Overview of REDD+ in India: Status, Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Harish Bahadur Chand ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar Kewat ◽  
Roshan Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Forest Dependency ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Large Geographical Area

Climate change is a worldwide issue with detrimental effects on ecosystems and human well-being. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is a worldwide policy tool for combating climate change by reducing emissions from the forestry sector and has received widespread attention. Since the program's inception, India has been a strong advocate for REDD+ and its activities. The goal of this research is to evaluate India's current REDD+ readiness. India is the fourth largest CO2 emitter in the world, accounting for 7% of global CO2 emissions. India's emission trajectory shows the country's ever-increasing CO2 emission trend, with an annual average increase rate of 5-6 percent. India has a large geographical area and forest cover, and it holds 7,124.6 million tons of carbon stock. Forests are traditionally managed through a participatory approach, which is similar to REDD+ activities. India has made significant progress toward REDD+ implementation by developing a national REDD+ strategy, enacting consistent laws and regulations, and demonstrating accountability and monitoring of national forest carbon. However, several issues, including forest dependency, community rights, capacity building, policies, and finance, should be carefully addressed to overcome hurdles in REDD+ implementation.

Opportunities for Reaping the Benefits of REDD+ in Sikkim Himalaya for Conservation and Enhancement of Carbon Stock

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Mohommad Shahid ◽  
◽  
L.K. Rai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Article 5

Paris Agreement recognized the role of forests as carbon sink for mitigation of climate change, under Article 5 as REDD+, i.e., reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. Forest cover change analysis was done between two time periods 2005 and 2015 to assess the forest degradation. Carbon sequestration potential of the forests of Sikkim for mitigating climate change is also estimated. Benefits of implementing of REDD+ in Sikkim involving local communities as stakeholder to conserve and sustainably manage the forest is assessed. Gaps and challenges faced by the stakeholder in implementing REDD+ at project level are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Effects of conservation policy on China’s forest recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e1500965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Viña ◽  
William J. McConnell ◽  
Hongbo Yang ◽  
Zhenci Xu ◽  
Jianguo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Change Mitigation

Forest loss is one of the most pervasive land surface transformations on Earth, with drastic effects on global climate, ecosystems, and human well-being. As part of biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation efforts, many countries, including China, have been implementing large-scale policies to conserve and restore forests. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these policies, and information on China’s forest dynamics at the national level has mainly relied on official statistics. In response to international calls for improved reliability and transparency of information on biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation efforts, it is crucial to independently verify government statistics. Furthermore, if forest recovery is verified, it is essential to assess the degree to which this recovery is attributable to policy, within the context of other relevant factors. We assess the dynamics of forest cover in China between 2000 and 2010 and evaluate the effectiveness of one of the largest forest conservation programs in the world—the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP). Results indicate that forest cover has significantly increased in around 1.6% of China’s territory and that the areas exhibiting forest gain experienced a combined increase in net primary productivity (ca. 0.9 Tg of carbon). Among the variables evaluated at county level, the NFCP exhibited a significantly positive relation with forest gain, whereas reduction in rural labor showed a negative relationship with both forest loss and gain. Findings such as these have global implications for forest conservation and climate change mitigation efforts.

Changes in Indian Himalayan Region: Impact on Forest Ecosystems and Implications for REDD+

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Satya Negi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Indian Himalayan Region ◽  
Northern Border

There has been a rising global awareness about the importance of world’s mountain areas as mountains offer diverse goods and services to well over half of the earth’s 7 billion people. Mountains and mountain areas are susceptible in nature as some of the most visible indicators of climate change come from mountain areas e.g. widespread retread of glaciers have been observed from the mountain areas across the globe. The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), a mountain chain along the northern border of India with its diversity of ecosystems has unique and special significance for India. During the last decades, globalization, climate change, and population growth have impacted the forest ecosystems of IHR. Although, there is a net gain (2.10%) of forest cover in IHR during the decade (2001 - 2011), but all the states of IHR did not gain in forest cover during the period. Moreover, changes within the forests, such as changes of undisturbed primary forests into secondary forests are difficult to assess. The overall forest cover of 41.55% of the total geographical area of IHR is way behind the target set by the National Forest Policy of 1988 (Anon; 1988). Protection of Himalayan forests is possible only if the ever growing inhabitants of the IHR are properly compensated for protection of these valuable national resources. Successful implementation of Sustainable Forest Management through the global initiatives like ‘reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries’ (REDD+) at sub-national level is an opportunity to protect the IHR for the national interest.

scholarly journals Materiality Assessment of Natural Capital Risks in Australian Forestry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg S. Smith ◽  
Francisco Ascui ◽  
Anthony P. O’Grady ◽  
Elizabeth Pinkard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Forestry Industry ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Purpose of Review Natural capital is a term for the stocks of natural assets (e.g. natural resources and ecosystems) that yield flows of ecosystem services that benefit the economy and human well-being. Forestry is one of the industries with the greatest dependencies on natural capital, as well as having the potential for substantial positive or negative impacts on natural capital. These dependencies and impacts create direct risks to a forestry enterprise’s ongoing financial viability, which translate into indirect risks for investors and society. There are growing demands from a variety of stakeholders for more reliable information to assess such risks, but at present, these risks are not always well understood, assessed or communicated in a consistent and comparable way. This paper addresses this problem by applying a standardized methodology to develop the first systematic, evidence-based review and financial materiality assessment of natural capital risks for the Australian forestry sector. Recent Findings The vast potential scope of forestry impacts and dependencies on natural capital can be reduced to twenty key areas of relevance to Australian forestry, of which only seven to nine have been assessed as highly financially material for each of the sub-sectors of softwood plantations, hardwood plantations and native forestry. The majority of risks assessed as highly financially material are related to dependencies on natural capital. This is in part due to the fact that current regulations and certification schemes focus on managing impacts, but tend to overlook dependencies. Nearly all of the natural capital risks rated as highly material are likely to be exacerbated by climate change. Summary An improved understanding of natural capital risks is an important input to better decision-making by forestry enterprises, as well as their lenders and investors, forestry regulators and other relevant stakeholders. This paper contributes to the preparedness of the forestry industry and its stakeholders to address questions about vulnerability to future changes and declining trends in natural capital.

scholarly journals Exploratory Study on Suitable Horticulture Trees for Building Sufficiency of Fruits and Nuts from New Transformation of Forestry-Horticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Cover Density

A new transformation for enhancing utility and efficiency of forestry ecosystem and reduction of stress due to resting sole reliance on arable ecosystem for livelihood was devised. This endeavor reached to a new transformation from forestry to Forestry- Horticulture so as to enable acquiring fruits and nuts, highly effectively useful in bringing feel good and wellness, foster of good health and wealth for nations, under changing climate. Reviw and connaissance survey of suitable horticultural trees which bear fruits and nuts and not get damaged by birds, monkeys and ground moving wild animals were searched coveing India from it boundary in North to South and from West to East. There occurred plentiful fruits and nut trees, bushes and herbs, which will easily grow at sites in forest where no trees existed. The statistics of forestry revealed that mere 2.7 percent of geographical area occuring under forest (21.338%), is dense forest having vegetation cover density of 70% or more and remaing areas under forest have moderate to low vegetation covearage. This new transformation will quickly enhance forest cover, induce carbon sequestration, produce woods of different qualities and additionally produce fruits, nuts, gums and resins and many useful produces such as leaves, herbs, honey etc. These products will be available locally as all states have their own forests and produce commodities for business and trades with huge employment generations in process from production to consumption. This new bio based transformation is implementable, without creating any disparity or grudge and bringing a plausible livelihood from stressful situation occurring due to global warming and climate change.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Social-Ecological Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Ghana: Application of the DPSIR Framework

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Richard Kyere-Boateng ◽  
Michal V. Marek
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Eventual Loss

Globally, forests provide several functions and services to support humans’ well-being and the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The services that forests provide enable the forest-dependent people and communities to meet their livelihood needs and well-being. Nevertheless, the world’s forests face a twin environmental problem of deforestation and forest degradation (D&FD), resulting in ubiquitous depletion of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services and eventual loss of forest cover. Ghana, like any tropical forest developing country, is not immune to these human-caused D&FD. This paper reviews Ghana’s D&FD driven by a plethora of pressures, despite many forest policies and interventions to ensure sustainable management and forest use. The review is important as Ghana is experiencing an annual D&FD rate of 2%, equivalent to 135,000 hectares loss of forest cover. Although some studies have focused on the causes of D&FD on Ghana’ forests, they failed to show the chain of causal links of drivers that cause D&FD. This review fills the knowledge and practice gap by adopting the Driver-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) analytical framework to analyse the literature-based sources of causes D&FD in Ghana. Specifically, the analysis identified agriculture expansion, cocoa farming expansion, illegal logging, illegal mining, population growth and policy failures and lapses as the key drivers of Ghana’s D&FD. The study uses the DPSIR analytical framework to show the chain of causal links that lead to the country’s D&FD and highlights the numerous interventions required to reverse and halt the ubiquitous perpetual trend of D&FD in Ghana. Similar tropical forest countries experiencing D&FD will find the review most useful to curtail the menace.

An analysis of major environmental threats to human security in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Naresh Bhakta Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The Government

The paper mainly analyses the environmental threats focusing on climate change to human security in Nepal. Major aspects of human security are interlinked and interconnected in our context. Among them, human security offers much to the vibrant field of environmental security in Nepal. Environmental threats are linked to the overall impact on human survival, well-being, and productivity. A great deal of human security is tied to peoples’ access to natural resources and vulnerabilities to environmental change. The major environmental threats in our context is the climate change which have widespread implications for Nepal, causing impacts to water availability, agricultural production, forestry, among many other detrimental effects. The critical threat of environmental security needs to be taken into serious consideration to save our succeeding generation. This article primarily interpreted the government action towards emerging environmental threat based on realist approach. For the study of theme of this article, descriptive and analytical research has been used to draw present major environmental threats in Nepal. With consideration to factors, this article attempted to identify the major environmentally vulnerable areas that are likely to hamper the overall status of human security in Nepal. This paper also tried to suggest the measures to enhance the environmental security considering prospects and policy focusing on Nepalese diverse aspects.

People and Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Political Challenge

Climate change is a profoundly social and political challenge with many social justice concerns around every corner. A global issue, climate change threatens the well-being, livelihood, and survival of people in communities worldwide. Often, those who have contributed least to climate change are the most likely to suffer from its negative consequences and are often excluded from the policy discussions and decisions that affect their lives. This book pays particular attention to the social dimensions of climate change. It examines closely people’s lived experience, climate-related injustice and inequity, why some groups are more vulnerable than others, and what can be done about it—especially through greater community inclusion in policy change. A highlight of the book is its diversity of rich, community-based examples from throughout the Global South and North. Sacrificial flood zones in urban Argentina, forced relocation of United Houma tribal members in the United States, and gendered water insecurities in Bangladesh and Australia are just some of the in-depth cases included in the book. Throughout, the book asks social and political questions about climate change. Of key importance, it asks what can be done about the unequal consequences of climate change by questioning and transforming social institutions and arrangements—guided by values that prioritize the experience of affected groups and the inclusion of diverse voices and communities in the policy process.

Configurations to Superior Environmental Innovation Strategy: A Both–And Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 108602662110316
Author(s):  
Tiziana Russo-Spena ◽  
Nadia Di Paola ◽  
Aidan O’Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Environmental Innovation ◽  
Data Set

An effective climate change action involves the critical role that companies must play in assuring the long-term human and social well-being of future generations. In our study, we offer a more holistic, inclusive, both–and approach to the challenge of environmental innovation (EI) that uses a novel methodology to identify relevant configurations for firms engaging in a superior EI strategy. A conceptual framework is proposed that identifies six sets of driving characteristics of EI and two sets of beneficial outcomes, all inherently tensional. Our analysis utilizes a complementary rather than an oppositional point of view. A data set of 65 companies in the ICT value chain is analyzed via fuzzy-set comparative analysis (fsQCA) and a post-QCA procedure. The results reveal that achieving a superior EI strategy is possible in several scenarios. Specifically, after close examination, two main configuration groups emerge, referred to as technological environmental innovators and organizational environmental innovators.

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